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In April, agriculture is busy, and agricultural workers around the country are using scientific and technological innovation to help spring production. Scientists have made soybeans grow in saline-alkali land through advanced means of molecular design and breeding; engineers have overcome a number of technical problems and independently developed intelligent tractors to improve the efficiency of cultivated land; new farmers have learned advanced technology and equipped their farms with smart "brains" to effectively save water and fertilizer...... The "new style" of spring plowing under the new quality of productivity is providing a steady stream of power for the construction of an agricultural power.
Advanced means to breed good breeds
In Changchun City, Jilin Province, in the breeding laboratory of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Northeast Institute of Geography), researchers are like gardeners, tending to hundreds of soybean plants that thrive in a simulated environment.
China has a large gap between soybean production and demand, and is the world's largest soybean importer. At the same time, China has a large area of saline-alkali land, and the selection and breeding of soybean varieties suitable for large-scale cultivation in saline-alkali land will help improve the self-sufficiency rate of soybean and better ensure national food security.
"The development of new agricultural productivity, the revitalization of the seed industry is the key. The use of internationally advanced molecular design breeding methods is one of the ways to achieve a breakthrough in domestic soybean breeding. Feng Xianzhong, a researcher at the Northeast Institute of Geography, said.
It is not easy to apply molecular design breeding technology to select saline-alkali tolerant soybean varieties. Feng Xianzhong said that in order to breed new soybean varieties that are tolerant to salt and alkali, the expert team has planted more than 2,000 soybean varieties in moderate and severe saline alkali for experiments, and only a dozen of them can survive in the end.
"Dongsheng 118" is a new saline-alkali tolerant soybean variety selected and bred by the molecular design breeding technology applied by the Northeast Institute of Geography for many years. Last year, in Xiaochengzi Township, Nong'an County, Jilin Province, local enterprises planted 500 mu of "Dongsheng 118" in saline-alkali land where grain crops were difficult to grow in the past, achieving a high yield of 240 kilograms per mu.
In this year's spring ploughing, the Northeast Institute of Geography cooperated with seed enterprises to increase the promotion and application of "Dongsheng 118" in the saline-alkali land in the western part of Jilin Province. "We plan to promote 100,000 mu this year, which can drive the increase of local soybean production. Leng Jiantian, a senior engineer at the Northeast Institute of Geography, said.
Great country craftsmen create good opportunities
Wang Jianhua, a senior engineer of China Yituo Group, recently accidentally broke his ankle, and he quipped: "Once China's intelligent tractor technology was like my lame leg, which was a shortcoming of China's agricultural machinery, but now we have overcome a number of technical problems and have our own unmanned intelligent tractor." ”
Wang Jianhua was born into a peasant family, and when he was a child, it took his father three years to clear 40 acres of land. "My father turned the ground over with a shovel and then broke it again, and the soil was so hard that the oxen could not plow it, so they had to dig it by hand. If you had a tractor at home at the time, you might not be able to use it for a day. ”
"Later, someone in the village bought a tractor, 'Dongfanghong' brand. That's when I became interested in tractors. Wang Jianhua said that he studied automation and control engineering in college and graduate school, and after graduating in 2008, he came to the place where the "Dongfanghong" tractor was born - China Yituo Group Co., Ltd., just in time for the company to develop intelligent tractors.
"Foreign tractors achieved power shifting decades ago, which is equivalent to the automatic transmission of passenger cars, and this technology in China was still blank at that time. Wang Jianhua said that China was the first in the country to start the development of power-shift tractors.
Wang Jianhua and his two colleagues are responsible for the electronic control system of the power-shift tractor, which is equivalent to the brain of the tractor, so that the intelligent tractor can operate according to the instructions. "First of all, we must find out the parameters of key components, conduct special tests for each component, and collect at least hundreds of thousands of data for each test. ”
In 2016, after years of hard work and a series of performance and reliability tests, China's self-developed electronic control system was fully applied to the "Dongfanghong" power-shift tractor, achieving a breakthrough in China's field of zero.
"In the past, our family of six planted 40 acres of land, and we were so tired that we lost our skin. Now, one person can easily manage thousands of acres of land, and our high-horsepower tractors can plow 400 acres of land in a day. Wang Jianhua said.
This year's spring ploughing, the intelligent tractors produced by China Yituo have been widely used in China. Wang Jianhua and his colleagues are developing an electric-diesel hybrid tractor to make the tractor more fuel-efficient and achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.
The wisdom "brain" cultivates the fertile land
At present, in the smart farm of Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province, Jiao Rui, a new farmer of the "post-90s", sits in the dispatching hall and has a full view of the growth of crops through a smart screen of nearly 200 square meters.
Since he was 10 years old, Jiao Rui ran home from school to carefully observe how his father renovated the agricultural machinery in Shili Eight Village. "Slowly, I know what the various parts of these agricultural machinery are called, and I feel that I have a lot of relationship with agricultural machinery since I was a child. Jiao Rui said.
In 2014, after Jiao Rui purchased 2 plant protection drones, he gradually learned skills such as agricultural planting, farmland management and agricultural machinery use through the "new farmer" training course organized by Qiaocheng District, and cooperated with agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises and universities to transform the original plant protection drones so that they could spray corn and soybeans planted in strip compound planting.
Jiao Rui's reputation as an "expert in agricultural machinery" has attracted attention in the local area. In 2021, the Qiaocheng District Agriculture and Rural Bureau and experts from South China Agricultural University visited the farm and believed that Jiao Rui's farm was "contiguous and square, suitable for mechanized operations". In this way, Jiao Rui's smart farm took shape.
"This year's spring ploughing, we only used four people to complete the weeding and fertilization of more than 1,000 acres of wheat in two days. Jiao Rui said that the harvesters, tractors, plant protection drones and self-propelled high-pole sprayers on the farm can all complete the task automatically according to the route set on the tablet.
Today, Jiao Rui can view the data from the soil moisture monitoring system, insect monitoring station, meteorological monitoring system, and integrated water and fertilizer automatic irrigation system in the field in real time on the smart screen, and can quantitatively fertilize and irrigate specific areas with a move of his fingers on his mobile phone.
"In the past, irrigation was only known manually when crops showed drought, but now with sensor data, I can replenish water at the beginning of a drought at least a week faster than manual observation, and I can also save water and fertilizer." Jiao Rui said that the insect monitoring station, which is updated every half hour, can predict which insect disease has a high probability of occurring in the near future, so that he can take precautions. As a result, the yield of wheat, corn and soybeans on the farm has increased every year.
"Agricultural machinery expert" did not stop his pace of innovation, he plans to base on the industrial advantages of Bozhou City, "Chinese medicine capital", the development of medicinal herb weeding machine, "from chemical weeding to physical weeding, reduce the residue of pesticides in Chinese herbal medicines, and make the reputation of Bozhou medicinal materials more resounding." Jiao Rui said.
Producer: Wei Tiemin, Liu Chang
Reporter: Xu Xintao, Liu Jinhui, Xue Qinfeng
Video: Xu Xintao, Du Yu, Wei Meng
Reporter: Gu Feng Zhang Jian
Editor: Liu Chang
Xinhua News Agency to the outside, Xinhua News Agency Henan Branch, Xinhua News Agency Jilin Branch, Xinhua News Agency Anhui Branch
Co-production
Produced by the China Story Workshop