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Lu Weizhao took a group photo with students Zhu Guantian, Jin Jiancai and Li Wencai
Source: l Qianjiang Evening News
Author l Ma Li
分享 El 书艺公社(ID:Schuffaorg)
On the National Day in 1959, Hangzhou Santan was printed with the moon.
On this day, Pan Tianshou, Wu Fuzhi, and Zhu Le San traveled here together, and found that there was a Hangzhou National Day Mass Art Exhibition on display, so they went in to have a look. Three people were hooked by a landscape painting at the same time.
"Panorama of Gem Mountain", poems, books, paintings, and prints are all good, and they are the same person, but the name of the person who signed the payment is very unfamiliar.
Pan Tianshou wrote down the name: Lu Weizhao.
01 In recent years, the president of Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts has been worried. Chinese painting must retain the overall traditional cultural characteristics of "poetry, calligraphy, painting, and printing", but many students in the Department of Chinese Painting do not write inscriptions after painting, and some even have to ask someone to write inscriptions, and the school also lacks such a comprehensive teacher.
This person named Lu Weizhao is the "four alls" he is looking for. When he went back to inquire around, he learned that Lu Weizhao was an associate professor of classical literature in the Department of Chinese at Hangzhou University.
Teaching period at Hangzhou University (middle age)
Lu Weizhao graduated from the Department of Literature and History of Nanjing Higher Normal School (hereinafter referred to as Nanjing High School). His teacher, Liu Yizheng, the director of the Department of History and Geography, was a famous historian and a "master" of poetry and calligraphy, including Professor Wang Boxin (Minglian, 1871-1944), known as the "Nanyong Shuangzhu" (note: two masters of Chinese culture in the history of Nanjing University), and Professor Wu Qu'an (Mingmei, 1884-1939), a famous opera theorist.
By the way, who are among his classmates: Chen Xunci, Xiang Da, Wang Huanbi, Hu Shiying, etc., all of whom later became masters in the field of mainland literature and history.
Xiuzhou Academy
After graduation, Lu Weizhao went to Tsinghua University to work as a teaching assistant for Wang Guowei.
In 1942, Lu Weizhao was hired as an associate professor in the Department of Chinese at St. John's University in Shanghai. In 1945, at the invitation of President Zhu Kezhen, he taught in the Department of Chinese of Hangzhou University.
In 1957, Lu Weizhao moved to the dormitory of Hangzhou University in Songmuchang, lived in Building 4, and became a neighbor with Jiang Liangfu. The living conditions have improved, and I have my own room, and I can see the gem mountain view from the window. In the spring of 1959, to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he painted this "Panorama of Gem Mountain".
He never imagined that Pan Tianshou would take a fancy to him, and he also saw a vision that he had never imagined, about the long road of higher calligraphy education in China.
The professor of the Chinese Department thought of it with the dean of the American University.
He attaches great importance to the comprehensive cultivation of calligraphers.
At the beginning, Lu Weizhao was seconded to the Academy of Fine Arts as a "part-time job", which was to teach classical literature courses for students of the Department of Chinese Painting, focusing on teaching poetry inscriptions, painting poems, and integrating poetry and painting.
Handout of "Pictorial Poems".
In March 021962, the Ministry of Culture held a national conference on textbooks for art colleges and universities in Hangzhou.
At the end of the meeting, it was decided that the Chinese painting departments of all art academies across the country should set up calligraphy and seal carving courses, and that the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts would be entrusted with the task of running calligraphy majors on a trial basis.
At the corner of Nanshan Road and Kaiyuan Road in Hangzhou, there are now several small restaurants. Walking to the east of the back door of the restaurant, about 2 meters apart from the aisle, there was originally a small courtyard of a two-story building, house number: No. 59 Shaohua Lane.
No. 59, Shaohua Lane, Hangzhou
For the convenience of teaching, Pan Tianshou gave the house that had just been vacant to Lu Weizhao's family to live in.
One day, during the vault in physical education class, Lu Zhaohuai accidentally fell and broke his front teeth, so he had to go home to rest. Pushing the door, he saw an old gentleman visiting, and his father immediately asked him to make tea.
His father asked him to call him "Uncle Pan", only to know that it was Dean Pan Tianshou who came. My father's bedroom and study were very crowded, with a desk facing the window in the south, a row of bookshelves stacked on the wall in the east, and a long table with a clock and a radio.
The two chatted for more than two hours. Many years later, Lu Zhaohuai used the word "oath" to describe this home visit 58 years ago - the two gentlemen made a vow that they must cultivate a group of high-quality calligraphy education talents for the country, and "it is their duty".
In 1959, the whole family was photographed in the dormitory of Hangzhou University
03 Preparations began in the summer of 1962. The summer vacation was particularly hot that year, except for Liu Jiang, all of them were sixty or seventy years old, waving fans and discussing at the same time, and the questions were very detailed, such as the history of calligraphy, the theory of calligraphy, the history of printing, and the theory of sealing, should they be regarded as four courses, or should they be better for two courses?
In September and October, Lu Weizhao took Liu Jiang to various antique bookstores in Shanghai to buy inscriptions, printed scores, and other relevant teaching materials.
I stayed in Shanghai for about twenty days and went every day. Pick the bookshelf in the store first, and then go to the stack. Narrow, dark, and dusty, climb up and kick down, one by one, Mr. Lu mainly selects the inscriptions, etc., and tells Liu Jiang to select the seal score, and then give him a look at it. After half a day, covered with dust and sweat stains, I only went to a nearby shop at noon to eat some snacks and drink saliva, and continued to choose in the afternoon. After picking this one, I went to another antique bookstore. Liu Jiang also felt a little struggling and persuaded Mr. Lu to rest for two days, but he refused.
In the summer of 1963, because it was a trial and there was no open enrollment to the public, two students with a certain foundation in calligraphy were selected from the graduating class of the High School Affiliated to the Academy of Fine Arts, and directly entered the calligraphy and seal carving department of the Chinese Painting Department of the Academy of Fine Arts, they were Jin Jiancai and Li Wencai. Jin Jiancai was not interested in calligraphy, and wanted to take the major in flower and bird painting, so he went to Lu Weizhao.
Teacher Lu mobilized him like this-
"If you don't have interest, you don't have to. I just want to tell you one thing today: Mr. Pan is determined to pursue this major, and I accept this burden not because of interest. This is a task entrusted to us by the state, and it is to train successors for the country, and for us old gentlemen, it is called an unshirkable responsibility. ”
"Duty-bound" are these four words again. Fifty-eight years have passed, and Jin Jiancai recalled this passage, "Being a man is where the true spirit of the old gentleman lies." ”
In this way, in September 1963, the calligraphy and seal carving department was formally established, and the three departments of Chinese painting, figures, landscapes, flowers and birds were alongside, Lu Weizhao was the director of the department, and Liu Jiang was also the secretary. The first undergraduate major in calligraphy in higher education in New China was officially born.
04 Yan, Mr. Lu is really strict.
After being transferred from Hangzhou University to Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, he was not used to being late for cultural classes for Academy students. The previous class was a painting class, the painting speed was different, and some students had not finished painting after the class, but he thought that this could not be a reason to be late for the next cultural class. He was determined to change that.
He has a pocket watch. Five minutes before the bell rang, he waited at the door of the classroom, and as soon as the bell rang, his pocket watch was placed on the podium, and the door was locked, so that no one was allowed to come in. Those who arrive late can only stand at the door.
After that, almost no one was late.
Once, in a literature class, he took out an essay and said, "I'll read a paragraph to everyone, what kind of essay is this?"
Before he finished reading, Shi Yitang was already sweating.
"Where are there so many 'not only', 'and', 'because', 'so', cumbersome and unbearable works. "The paper was sent back: 59 points. Look at my friend Yu Jianhua's article again, 58 points, crying in the hall.
After class, Teacher Lu called the two out.
"It's a good thing for me to be strict with you, don't be sad, as long as you work hard, you will get 85 points from me in the future, you can rest assured when you go out, don't let me down." ”
Two years later, both of them scored 86 points, and Mr. Lu was very happy: "You can teach you! Add you one point, you are not easy, and I am not easy!"
Artist's Review
As soon as the class started, Jin Jiancai was also criticized by Lu Weizhao.
At that time, he used a small inkstone of about 10 centimeters, which was used for painting when he was attached to the middle school, and it was very inconvenient to store very little ink, and it was extremely inconvenient to grind the ink. Mr. Lu was very dissatisfied when he saw it and said: How do you learn calligraphy like this?
The next afternoon, Mr. Lu found that the small inkstone was still on his table, and he was very angry.
Jin Jiancai chased him outside the door and explained: I really don't have any money in hand, so when I get the bursary, I will buy an inkstone immediately.
Mr. Lu was silent for a long time, and said to him softly: You come with me.
Jin Jiancai followed Mr. to his home in Shaohua Lane, and the teacher flipped through it for a long time before he found a large inkstone from under a pile of old books, weighing about ten pounds, and then packed it in a mesh bag and put it in his hand.
"Today I have a very bad attitude, and I blame you, I apologize to you. I didn't expect you to be so financially struggling. You don't have to buy an inkstone for the time being, just carry this back and use it first. ”
Jin Jian used this large inkstone on his desk for two years, and it was not until the summer of 1965 that a classmate who graduated and left school gave him an inkstone and returned it to Mr. Lu.
58 years have passed, Jin Jiancai told Lu Zhaohuai about this inkstone, and cried again.
05After recruiting the first batch of undergraduates, two sessions were held, and the teaching was interrupted due to historical reasons, and there was an "invisible pause".
Seven years after Pan Tianshou's death, in 1978, when the memorial service was held, Lu Weizhao wrote a handwritten couplet, and the last sentence was: I feel sorry for this spring and look back, and I lost my head after cultivating.
The team leader is gone, and the oath in Shaohua Lane is about to be broken. Zhaohuai said that his father was "discouraged".
At this time, the Academy of Fine Arts invited Mr. Lu to return to the university to prepare for the enrollment and training of the first batch of graduate students. At that time, he was 80 years old. He said that he wanted to complete President Pan's unfinished business.
In 1979, the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts enrolled the first batch of calligraphy graduate students in mainland China.
Lu Zhaohuai was transferred back to Hangzhou from Hunan to work to take care of his father, who was weak after surgery. But at night, the lights are always not out at two o'clock. He advised his father to go to bed early. My father said: I don't have enough time now, and I am about to recruit graduate students, and the "Teaching Syllabus" must be rushed out.
In the summer of 1979, Lu Weizhao hand-drafted the "Teaching Syllabus" for graduate students, with a total of 60 articles.
In 1979, Lu Weizhao hand-wrote the "Teaching Syllabus" for the first batch of calligraphy master's students.
This is a fairly comprehensive document that reflects Mr. Lu's ideological system of calligraphy education. He handed it over to Zhang Zuan.
At the same time as the 60 articles, there was also a hand-bound schedule - he hand-ordered the first calligraphy master's degree students in China.
In 1979, Lu Weizhao hand-ordered the manuscript of the postgraduate course schedule
The "Syllabus" is roughly divided into nine pieces - the word "thick" is said by the teacher himself, including the curriculum schedule, all handwritten on the same "template" - the glossy paper of "Hunan Yiyang Rubber Machinery Factory Outpatient Illness Record".
At that time, Lu Zhaohuai worked as a factory doctor in Hunan Yiyang Rubber Machinery Factory, and he returned to Hangzhou with paper, sometimes at home.
In September 1979, five graduate students entered the university, but Mr. Lu was hospitalized and could no longer attend classes. After New Year's Day in 1980, he invited everyone to the ward.
"You can't just bury your head in writing and engraving, the first thing that matters is moral knowledge, and you can't stand without this. There are no uneducated calligraphers in ancient and modern times, we have this tradition in Zhejiang, from Xu Qingteng, Uncle Zhao to modern families, their artistic attainments are rooted in the foundation of learning. Ordinary people only know that Mr. Sha Menghai writes well, but how do they know that he has such an achievement. That's what words are like people. ”
He also said: "Calligraphy is smooth and accessible first, and then seeks change and creation later." If you want to be indifferent to fame and fortune, you can't pursue fame and fortune and can't do your studies quietly. I've only done half of my life, and now I can't do anything, I hope you will work hard. ”
Wang Dongling remembered that Mr. Lu spoke with tears in his eyes, and we listened with tears in his eyes.
A week later, the teacher died.
This was the teacher's last lesson and the first lesson for the five graduate students.
06 Lu Zhaohuai graduated from the High School Affiliated to Hangzhou University, and one day, his classmate brought a prescription, sealed it, and gave it to him. When he looked at it, it turned out that it was written by his father.
The father was a posthumous son. When he grew up, he deeply felt the lack of medical care in the countryside, and his great-grandfather usually liked to study medical books and left many medical books. My father taught himself the basic theories of Chinese medicine and read a lot of ancient Chinese medicine books.
When I was a child, my four children were sick, and my father prescribed medicine and covered it all. Usually, he also has to give his neighbors and friends a pulse and prescribe prescriptions, but most of them are in the nature of nourishment and conditioning. He often communicated with Zhang Zongxiang and Zhu Lesan to discuss medical prescriptions. Pan Tianshou, Wu Fuzhi, Wang Huanbi, Jiang Liangfu, Zhou Changgu and others all asked him to prescribe medical prescriptions.
Every time he sees a doctor, he will record the symptoms, prescriptions, and conditions after taking the medicine in detail, and also annotate them on the eyebrow page of the doctor. Later, the family found two volumes of "Medical Prescriptions" written by his father, which also recorded the prescriptions issued by doctors in some hospitals, as well as the test prescriptions and home remedies circulated among the people, and noted the symptoms and curative effects, so that they could study and study in the future.
"Medical Prescriptions"
Once, Lu Zhaohuai discovered that his father had three books on Western medicine: anatomy, physiology, and psychology. He wondered, what did his father do with Western medicine?
When Lu Zhaohuai was reading "Chinese Calligraphy", he found a clue.
My father wrote that when he held a pen, his knuckles were not flexible, which was anatomically significant. The movement of the arms and shoulders is directed by the brain and nerves.
When you're in a bad mood, you can't write good works-
"One hour of practice a day is one hour of tranquility. On the other hand, if there is only tension and no tranquility in our life today, and only labor without rest, it will inevitably be harmful to health. ”
Zhao Huai was surprised, "I have learned all this knowledge, but I may not be able to flexibly use it to explain a specific process of human activity, but my father has used it in teaching." ”
07 Lu Zhaohuai remembered that his father often used a sentence to describe himself: "Pig's head meat, three don't be fine." ”
The native dialect of the family knows everything, but everything is not fine. In his opinion, in terms of poetry research, he is not as good as Mr. Xia Chengtao, an expert in lyrics, and not as good as Mr. Jiang Liangfu, a Chu ci scholar and Dunhuang scholar, in the study of Chu poetry, while Mr. Wang Huanbiao is in the pre-Qin Zhuzi, Mr. Hu Shiying is in the history of Ming and Qing novels, and Mr. Qian Nanyang is in the history of classical opera, and his expertise is outstanding. On the other hand, the characteristics are not obvious.
Lu Weizhao compares himself with "pig's head meat", but in today's view, this is a teacher's self-cultivation.
He likes to paint, landscapes and flowers; he studies opera, likes to play the pipa, the three strings, and also plays the flute; he studies the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, diagnoses people's pulses, and prescribes prescriptions.
"Those who are familiar with it, understand their reasoning, understand their nature, and learn their feelings, and prepare their laws, keep the norm and adapt, and adapt to their own suitability. He talked about the "pass" of medicine, and it was also the study of people.
The generation of scholars such as Pan Tianshou and Lu Weizhao re-established the "learning of people" in the system of modern calligraphy education.
Such a teacher, but did not have a "work equal", he almost did not leave his own "monograph", "Chinese calligraphy" is Lu Weizhao's only calligraphy work, in June 1948, printed by Huaxia Book Publishing Company. In 1986, it was published by Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House, but the original edition of "Chinese Calligraphy" was not seen at that time, and it was renamed "Calligraphy Essentials" when it was published, and it was reprinted in 2002.
Chinese Calligraphy, 1948
At the beginning of this year, when Lu Weizhao's family moved, they sorted out a dozen cardboard boxes left by their father and found a thin stack of paper, the manuscript of "Chinese Calligraphy", which had been placed here.
With the support of Mr. Lu's family and his student, Mr. Zhang Zu'an, Professor Jin Cheng of the Professional Basic Teaching Department of the China Academy of Art, was invited to review and review the manuscript of the 1948 edition of Chinese Calligraphy and the manuscript of the "Essentials of Calligraphy". Lu Weizhao's generation has broken through the boundaries between academia and art, learning and creation, and there is no difference between learning, which is integrated with daily life, and is "the study of feelings" and "the study of promise".
Calligraphy is not just writing.
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