Abstract:The increase in consumption not only satisfies consumers' demand for chicken, but also injects a strong impetus into the prosperity of the chicken industry. The data shows that in recent years, the demand for chicken meat in the mainland has driven the continuous development and expansion of the broiler breeding industry, and the overall output of chicken meat production has shown a steady growth trend, with the output of the mainland chicken industry reaching 14.7 million tons in 2021 and 14.5 million tons in 2022, a slight year-on-year decline.
1. Definitions and Classification
Chicken is one of the main meat varieties in China, which has the characteristics of high protein, low fat, low cholesterol, low calorie and low price, and is second only to pork in the proportion of domestic consumption. However, at present, chicken processing is mainly concentrated in whole chicken processing and whole chicken sales, and there are few deep-processed products. The classification of the chicken industry in mainland China is rich and diverse, mainly including white feather chickens, yellow feather chickens, 817 series, eliminated laying hens and other special varieties. White-feathered chicken is the representative of fast and large broiler, with fast growth rate, tender meat quality, delicious taste, suitable for large-scale breeding; Yellow feather chicken is a high-quality broiler bred by cross-breeding of local breeds, with slow growth rate, delicious meat, suitable for a variety of cooking methods; other characteristic varieties such as black chicken, black melon flower chicken, etc., have a unique taste and high nutritional value, but are relatively rare in the market.
Second, the business model
1. Procurement mode
The raw materials required for broiler feed production mainly include corn, soybean meal, peanut meal, etc., broiler feed raw materials are mainly purchased by enterprises in the industry according to the broiler breeding plan directly from large grain suppliers and grain growers in the province, medium and large broiler breeding and processing enterprises can usually obtain a certain credit period for purchasing feed raw materials from large grain suppliers, and the procurement method usually takes the form of centralized batch purchase, door-to-door delivery of grain growers, and cash on delivery. The drugs and vaccines required for broiler breeding are mainly purchased from domestic drug and vaccine suppliers.
2. Sales model
Adopt the sales method of "production and sales", issue a sales plan to the sales department according to the expected slaughter situation of the commodity broiler chicken, and contact the commodity broiler customers to determine the slaughter method according to the sales plan. The sales model includes direct sales and distribution, the direct sales customers are mainly fast food customers, food processing enterprises, commercial supermarkets, and the distribution customers are mainly meat wholesale market wholesalers. The vast majority of sales adopt the settlement method of "payment before delivery", and some high-quality cooperative enterprises give a certain trust period.
3. Processing mode
The processing of the chicken industry in mainland China is subject to the quality management system food safety management system (FSMS) certification, in strict accordance with the standard operating procedures for broiler processing hygiene (SSOP), good operating practices for broiler processing (GMP), GB16869-2005 national standards for fresh and frozen poultry products, domestic trade industry standards for quick-frozen prepared food, green food and poultry agriculture industry standards, etc., the processing process of the mainland chicken industry mainly includes inspection, electric hemp, slaughtering, segmentation, cleaning, packaging, refrigeration, etc.
3. Industry policy
The mainland chicken industry policy to promote large-scale, standardized, modern breeding as the main line, encourage the development of facility animal husbandry, support the construction of high-quality forage base and livestock and poultry slaughtering and processing enterprises to upgrade, accelerate the modernization of seed industry base, and promote the three-dimensional breeding of chicken breeds. At the same time, in the livestock and poultry seed industry advantage area to select and build a number of national livestock and poultry core breeding farms, multiplication bases and breeding stations, to promote the industrialization and application of domestic varieties of white feather broilers, the policy also pays attention to environmental protection issues, requires to strengthen the resource utilization of breeding waste, and strictly implement the management requirements of the forbidden area.
Fourth, industry barriers
The entry barriers to the chicken industry in mainland China are relatively high, mainly including qualification barriers, capital barriers, technology and talent barriers, and food safety barriers. Due to the strict supervision of the livestock and poultry breeding and processing industry by the state, new enterprises need to obtain a franchise license and accept supervision and inspection, forming qualification barriers. At the same time, the industry needs a large amount of capital to invest in the construction of business premises, equipment purchase and maintenance, and epidemic prevention systems, forming financial barriers. In terms of technology and talents, the industry needs professional and technical personnel, management personnel and skilled industrial workers, and the cultivation of talents and the accumulation of experience take time, forming talent barriers. With the improvement of food safety standards, standardized and large-scale enterprises have the advantage of quality and safety control, forming food safety barriers.
Fifth, the industrial chain
The upstream and downstream industrial chain of the chicken industry in mainland China covers breeders, chicken feed, veterinary drugs, chicken breeding, chicken processing and downstream applications. In the upstream, breeder breeding enterprises provide breeders, chicken feed enterprises provide feed, and veterinary drug enterprises provide veterinary drugs. The midstream involves the deep processing of chicken meat by chicken processing enterprises. Downstream fields include catering, medicine, feed, snack food, etc. As people's attention to food safety and health continues to increase, the chicken industry will face higher quality and safety requirements and market demand challenges.
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