Abstract:In recent years, the number of pigs slaughtered in mainland China has increased from 209 million in 2016 to 285 million in 2022, and 161 million in the first half of 2023, and the proportion of designated slaughter has increased from 30.85% in 2020 to 43% in the first half of 2023, and the industry concentration has been improved. At the same time, under the influence of African swine fever and environmental protection policies, the mainland government has continuously improved the requirements for epidemic prevention, environmental protection and food safety, accelerated the withdrawal of small slaughterhouses from the policy perspective, and promoted the large-scale development of slaughtering enterprises.
1. Definitions and Classification
Pigs are a general term for domestic pigs that have not been slaughtered, except for breeding pigs. The breeds of pigs are large white pigs, Yorkshire pigs, large flower white pigs, Duroc, Pirant pigs, etc. In order to strengthen the management of pig slaughtering, ensure the quality and safety of pig products, and protect the health of the people, since 1998, the mainland has implemented a pig slaughtering and centralized quarantine system. Without a designated point, any unit or individual shall not engage in pig slaughtering activities, resulting in a serious regional structure of the mainland pig slaughtering market, the market is still relatively scattered, a large number of private slaughter and self-raising slaughter are widespread, with the policy continues to be introduced and after the swine fever incident, the state continues to introduce relevant policies to promote the upgrading and healthy development of the pig slaughtering industry.
Second, industry policies
In recent years, the mainland has issued a series of policy documents for the pig slaughtering industry, aiming to improve the level of industry standardization, ensure product quality and safety, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. The policy requires slaughtering enterprises to carry out the creation work in accordance with the overall requirements of quality management institutionalization, cleanliness of the factory environment, standardization of facilities and equipment, etc., and emphasizes the standardization of pig transportation supervision and slaughtering and quarantine management. At the same time, the policy also guides the transformation and upgrading of slaughtering enterprises, eliminates backward production capacity, supports the construction of cold chain facilities and expands sales networks in major producing areas, and improves market circulation capacity. In the future, the mainland will continue to implement the three-year action of "strict regulation to promote improvement and safety" of livestock and poultry slaughtering, optimize the layout of slaughtering capacity, and improve the industry concentration and standardization, mechanization and intelligence.
Third, the development process
The development process of the pig slaughtering industry in mainland China has experienced a period of multi-head management, a period of unified management, a period of liberalization and a period of regulation according to law. In the early stage, the slaughtering method was mainly manual operation, and the meat inspection objects were incomplete and the inspection items were incomplete. Subsequently, the Ministry of Commerce led the slaughterhouse and the sanitation work in the field, and the health and animal husbandry and veterinary departments supervised and guided. With the reform and opening up, the exclusive operation of state-owned food companies has become a multi-channel operation of multiple economic entities, but a series of problems have emerged. In order to standardize the slaughtering of pigs, improve product quality, and ensure the safety of people's meat, the State Council promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Administration of Pig Slaughtering, transferred the pig slaughtering management function of the Ministry of Commerce to the Ministry of Agriculture, and encouraged local slaughtering of pigs to achieve breeding and slaughtering matching, and smooth connection between production and marketing. In recent years, the "Regulations on the Administration of Pig Slaughtering" has been revised many times to further standardize pig slaughtering.
Fourth, industry barriers
The pig slaughtering industry in mainland China faces many industry barriers. First of all, the financial barriers are high, and large-scale breeding and slaughtering enterprises need a lot of capital investment, including the purchase of breeding pigs, the construction of pig houses, the purchase of equipment, etc., and also need sufficient working capital for turnover. Secondly, technical barriers can not be ignored, with the improvement of food safety standards, slaughtering enterprises need to have a certain amount of technical accumulation and experience in disease prevention and control, drug residue control, slaughtering technology, etc., in order to form a competitive advantage. In addition, the talent barrier is also a major challenge, and large-scale farming requires a large number of experienced technicians and managers, and their training and experience accumulation takes a long time. The existence of industry barriers makes new entrants face greater difficulties and challenges in the pig slaughtering industry.
Fifth, the industrial chain
The mainland is the world's largest pork consumer, and the pig slaughtering industry is a bridge connecting pig breeding and meat product consumption, which plays a vital role in ensuring the quality and safety of meat. The upstream mainly includes feed, vaccines, veterinary drugs and piglets and other links, in recent years, raw materials and labor costs have fluctuated, the midstream is mainly for the pig slaughtering industry, the domestic industry is still relatively scattered, the overall market will continue to be concentrated in the policy background, the downstream is mainly through shopping malls, supermarkets, farmers' markets and other channels to provide pig semi-finished products to end consumers, residents' consumption capacity and shopping malls, supermarkets, farmers' markets have an important impact on the development of the pig slaughtering industry.
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