Many peasant households that planted fruit trees last autumn and before flowering did not apply fertilizer, which shows that they do not quite know what the meaning of water and fertilizer management is to promote control before and after the end! Blind management, management for granted, and so-so management, and in the end the harvest is as much as it is! These fruit farmers can have a satisfied mentality, that is, the net income is higher than that of one mu of wheat, and they can do something to do! It is indeed a state of being a human being. There is also a kind of fruit farmers who wait for the spring cold to pass the insurance, and then engage in water and fertilizer management. Once you lose money, you just don't look for problems in yourself. Especially last year, this spring even had snow and rain, and winter shearing and shaping were delayed again and again, such as the water and fertilizer before the peach tree flowered. Some people themselves don't want to invest, and after watching the roadside hills on Douyin, individual persimmon trees still produce a lot of results regardless of whether they are not fertilized, and some jujube nectarines are neither watered nor fertilized before flowering. Can it grow well? I must say here that it does not grow well! The old ancestors have long said the truth that the persimmon tree does not form a garden, and its root system is strong and far-reaching, which is incomparable to that of all fruit trees, and it is much larger than the canopy, and occupies a much larger land area.
First of all, it is necessary to say that the three major elements that are particularly large for all fruit trees are not nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which account for 95%, so that there is a saying that the soil can breathe. Carbon is the first, hydrogen is in the water, plants absorb carbon dioxide under the photosynthesis of the sun during the day, exhale oxygen, absorb oxygen at night, exhale carbon dioxide, in order to convert the 17 elements needed into organic nutrients for long roots and leaves, and said that all 95% of the products are the result of photosynthesis. Carbon is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter by the diversity of microorganisms in the soil. In the early agricultural community, the soil organic matter content was as high as 4~5%, but the yield per mu was very low, and the yield of wheat per mu was only more than 1~2 hundred catties. In the sixties, a single chemical fertilizer ammonium nitrate, ammonia, ammonia bicarbonate and urea was used, and the two-element three-element compound fertilizer was gradually increased, which increased the current wheat grain output to more than 1,000 catties. The results show that the three major elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements, which account for only 5% of chemical fertilizer, are one of the most important energy sources to increase yield.
Since the reform and opening up of the field and the contracting, with the rise of agricultural mechanization, there are almost no large livestock in the countryside, so that the vast majority of soil organic matter has dropped to only 0.8~1.2% at present, especially the fruit trees have applied more chemical fertilizers, resulting in soil acidification or alkalization, compaction, and impermeability, so that the deficiency of fruit trees is highlighted, and the loss of various physiological diseases is increased and small. We have put forward that organic + inorganic is the best golden partner, which can significantly improve the utilization rate of inorganic fertilizer and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which is to create a good environment for the root system to grow, and everything is fine! And it can produce a good harvest every year. On the other hand, there are still some undetermined alliance households, do not fertilize before flowering, and after flowering, they all become young fruits, and do not want to top dressing to supplement nutrition, which completely violates the law and physiological habit principle of peach trees to fertilize moss, and the use of stored nutrients accounts for 80% of flowering and fruiting, and how much nutrition can promote the growth of young fruit cell division fruits without top dressing before flowering? New shoots must not grow, leaves are difficult to grow, there are no good leaves, how can there be good dolls (fruits), trees rely on leaves to grow, leaves rely on roots to raise can be good! Therefore, for peach farmers who have neither applied base fertilizer in autumn nor topdressing before flowering, they must act quickly and try to promote as much as possible, so as not to cause undue economic losses.
1. According to the fruit setting rate, the leaf color is reasonable and the young fruit fertilizer is followed.
If the tree is particularly weak, it can be attacked with water and fertilizer to restore its growth as soon as possible. For the yellowing of leaves with nutrient deficiency, plus M iron, iron fertilizer can complex some elements fixed by alkaline soil and be reabsorbed and utilized. For example, the yellowing and whitening of the leaves on the new shoots of the peach tree are related to iron deficiency, magnesium deficiency, zinc deficiency and calcium deficiency. But as long as you supplement the iron element, the leaves will regreen quickly, and the capillary root growth can be quickly restored. Catching the iron supplement is equivalent to catching the dragon's head.
Second, is it right to enter the hardcore period and then top dressing?
1. Definitely not right! The reason is that the calyx has just been removed or it is the period when the pulp cell division of young fruit is relatively fast, and the stored nutrients are exhausted. When the nutrient supply is insufficient, a large number of young fruits will be shed.
2. When the nutrient supply is insufficient, the pulp cell division is too little, and then more fertilizer is applied during the expansion period, and it is impossible for the fruit to grow too well, and it cannot meet the specifications required by merchants and consumers.
3. When you enter the hard core period, you will chase nitrogen fertilizer to promote growth, which is not conducive to the hardening of the nucleus, which will cause the phenomenon of insufficient kernels with thin kernels, and will increase the fruit drop rate when entering the swelling and coloring period.
Second, the key points of fertilizer supplementation are related to the problem of pre-promotion and post-control.
1. Peach trees that do not have autumn base fertilizer and do not top dressing before flowering, must chase organic nitrogen Mengli 28 or biological enzyme mycin + ionic nitrogen or milk protein in the early stage of young fruit (just off the calyx), and must also add Qingcui oligosaccharide calcium or mineral crystal calcium, which must achieve full nutrition and increase the amount without defertilization, in order to quickly recover growth.
2. When entering mid to late May, check the growth of jujube nectarines and other trees, decide the amount of fertilizer and how much, nitrogen must not be put in the first place, it will affect the normal growth and development of the nucleus, and the phenomenon of fruit drop will increase. The ratio is reasonable for calcium> potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus > magnesium, and the formula fertilizer can only be increased but not reduced.
3. Doing a good job of fruit thinning is the best way to restore growth. Thinning the fruit can quickly achieve the purpose of opening up the source and reducing the cost, and it is also conducive to the growth of the fruit and the high quality.
In general, it is good to use fertilizer in the early stage of young fruits, although it is a remedy, but the loss can be minimized. I hope you don't learn like the disobedient members of the alliance household, to May the new shoot leaves can not grow, a rush to chase urea 1 bag, the result is that there is no taste of the head, the sale is the latest one, per catty and obedient to do the jujube nectarine alliance household per catty difference of 1.5 ~ 2 yuan, the advantage is that there are merchants to buy not delicious fruit, such as merchants are emphasizing the taste?
Author: Wang Wankui, lecturer of Zhongnong Le Fruit Science Research Institute
Source: Zhongnongle