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In February 1950, Deng Xiaoping, then first secretary of the Southwest Bureau and political commissar of the Southwest Military Region, reported to the Central Committee on the work in the locality.
He emphatically pointed out: "Nothing can be done without exterminating the bandits!"
The banditry has had such a serious impact on the work of New China!
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, what kind of serious bandits did they face, and how did these bandits come about?
How did our party overcome all odds and dangers and exterminate these bandits?
Banditry before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China
Before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, bandits came from different sources, but there were no more than three reasons, the first was the unemployed vagrants who took the initiative to join the bandit organization for the sake of money and livelihood.
The second is the remnants of the Kuomintang army, or unemployed soldiers and civilian armed forces that have emerged after decades of war.
The third is a local bully like the King of the Mountain.
Taking the mad bandit Xiao Jiabi and his gang as an example, we can see from him three factors: local bullies, the remnants of the Kuomintang, and joining bandits for money.
Suichuan was an important part of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area, and Xiao Jiabi was a bully in Suichuan, who later became more and more rampant after catching up with the Kuomintang.
Chairman Mao has specially instructed: Be sure to capture Xiao Jiabi alive!
There is a reason why Chairman Mao hates this man so much.
When Chairman Mao led the Red Army to Jinggang Mountain, he was attacked by Xiao Jiabi several times, and the Red Army suffered many casualties.
At that time, Xiao Jiabi was the head of the Kuomintang Jingwei Regiment, specializing in trapping the Red Army.
In 1929, when the main force of the Red Fourth Army left Jinggangshan, Xiao Jiabi took the opportunity to attack Jinggangshan and massacre the remaining soldiers and civilians, killing and wounding thousands of people.
After that, Xiao Jiabi occupied Jinggangshan for 20 years, and in 1949, the liberation task of the Jinggangshan area was advancing step by step, but the biggest problem was Xiao Jiabi's gang.
In mid-August 1949, Xiao Jiabi's gang killed PLA soldiers collecting grain and grass in Dakeng Township.
If this person is not removed, Jinggangshan will not be at peace!
The reason why Xiao Jiabi is so rampant is because in the past 20 years, he took advantage of the social chaos and turmoil in the people, took the opportunity to attract many people to join, and also built strong fortifications.
However, at this time, the strength and combat experience of the People's Liberation Army were no longer the same, and in the end, Xiao Jiabi was captured alive, and after a public trial, he was sentenced to be shot.
On the day of the public trial, the surrounding people came to watch, and they were very happy!
However, although there are many bandits like Xiao Jiabi, they are not the top priority of the banditry, and the most important thing for the nation's large-scale bandit suppression is the military bandits left behind by Chiang Kai-shek.
Before Chiang Kai-shek withdrew from the mainland, he took the advice of his subordinates and divided the whole country into five guerrilla zones, and sent men and horses to infiltrate various places, and these people were fully trained, equipped with weapons and the necessary equipment for spy work, and organized and launched many riots in a period of time after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
From January to October 1950, there were 816 armed uprisings across the country, and about 40,000 cadres and activists were killed in the newly liberated areas.
These military bandits seriously affected the construction of New China and national production, so in order to consolidate its rule and maintain social stability, New China made the decision to completely eradicate the bandits.
剿匪斗争
On March 16, 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission issued the "Suppression of Bandits and Establishment of a New Revolutionary Order", which solemnly emphasized the importance and urgency of the task of suppressing bandits.
The central authorities have made clear arrangements for the task of suppressing bandits, and the first step is to concentrate troops on the suppression of bandits in the key offensive stage. Carry out devastating strikes against the more powerful bandits, and eliminate their ability to mobilize and organize.
In view of the scattered bandit forces, our army has divided its forces to encircle and suppress them, and has combined military strikes with persuasion to surrender and persuasion from the masses, and the methods are flexible and effective.
Take the Blackwater bandits, for example.
Sichuan's Heishui is a tributary of the Min River, which is surrounded by steep mountains and snow-capped mountains, steep terrain, closed folk customs, and difficult to communicate with the outside world.
Such an environment gives people with bad intentions the opportunity to take advantage of it.
When the Kuomintang was defeated and retreated, one division took the opportunity to flee to the Heishui area.
The commander of this division is called Fu Bingxun.
After Fu Bingxun came here, he teamed up with Su Yonghe, the local bandit leader, to form a reactionary regime.
Taking advantage of the fact that the new regime had no time to take care of its extermination, this force continued to grow and develop, and secretly contacted Chiang Kai-shek in an attempt to sabotage the construction of New China with internal and external alliances.
Chiang Kai-shek thought that he had a great assistant, and appointed the two as the commander-in-chief and deputy commander-in-chief of the team in an attempt to "counterattack the mainland" from within.
In 1952, Taiwan airdropped materials and weapons to the Heishui area, which made Fu Bingxun and Su Yonghe even more carried away, started a big dream of the Spring and Autumn Festival, and took advantage of the situation to bully the surrounding people.
In this way, Heishui has become a region on the map of the mainland with notorious reactionary forces.
In order to build momentum for the actions of these military bandits, Chiang Kai-shek also disseminated public opinion to the international community and falsely advocated the reactionary forces in the Heishui area.
Claiming that Heishui has gathered 100,000 people, the reactionary forces in Heishui also brazenly call themselves "Heishui Little Taiwan".
Chiang Kai-shek did not expect that his false propaganda would bring the final doom to the reactionary forces in Heishui.
In June 1952, He Long, commander of the Southwest Military Region, and Deng Xiaoping, political commissar, hurried to Zhongnanhai to discuss with Chairman Mao to suppress bandits.
He Long
The two were very clear about the situation of the bandits in Heishui and quickly made arrangements.
First, the terrain is easy to defend and difficult to attack, so it is imperative to exterminate it as soon as possible to prevent the bandits from fleeing and going into exile.
Second, the government's foundation in this area is not stable, and it is difficult to get effective support from the masses.
To this end, the party and the government have made preparations with both hands.
With the approval of the central authorities, the Southwest Military Region summoned 11 regiments from Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, and other places, with a total strength of more than 20,000 troops.
In view of the great importance of exterminating the problem of the Blackwater bandits, the central authorities also mobilized two transport aircraft regiments, one fighter squadron, and two bomber squadrons to coordinate operations.
In addition, Mr. Zhu personally sat in charge, and Guo Linxiang, who has rich experience in mass work, also came to the front line to command.
On July 16, the battle against bandits began.
Our army launched an offensive in three directions: east, west and north.
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) has just won the War of Liberation and has very rich combat experience, so it has also achieved rapid results in suppressing bandits.
Within a few days, they successively captured the bandit den Luhua and the headquarters wooden comb, and successively recovered the areas occupied by the bandits.
During this period, Guo Linxiang gave full play to his advantages in mass work, directing and suppressing bandits, and at the same time guiding and helping the local people's production activities, blending in with the people, and quickly narrowing the psychological distance between the new regime and the local people.
On the other hand, for the marginal groups of bandits, those who were forced to join, Guo Linxiang mainly persuaded and persuaded them to surrender, and strived to transform these victims without force.
In coordination with these mass efforts and military strikes, gratifying progress has been made in the work of suppressing bandits.
By the end of August, the Blackwater bandits had been cleared, and Fu Bingxun, Su Yonghe, and fled in a hurry.
In order to completely solve the two of them, Guo Xianglin persuaded Su Yonghe through Su Yonghe and his family, and finally succeeded in rebelling against Su Yonghe by becoming brothers with Su Yonghe.
As for Fu Bingxun, he fled in a hurry and finally drowned in a small river.
At this point, the Blackwater Group was completely liquidated, and Chiang Kai-shek's "small Taiwan on land" was also wiped out.
The example of the blackwater bandits is a microcosm of the nationwide struggle against bandits, and in the actual fight against bandits, the battle is only one aspect.
Doing a good job in mass work and dispelling the people's misgivings about the new regime is the most important task in the task of suppressing bandits.
Therefore, in the process of suppressing bandits, we have also carried out land reform one after another.
With the elimination of the bandits, the land reform work has been done more and more smoothly.
Not only that, but in the process of exterminating the bandits, the problem of opium tobacco and poison was greatly solved, and the people were helped to get on the right track of life.
In the past, many bandits themselves operated the opium business, especially in the southwest region, so that many opium-addicted toiling masses did not look like people and ghosts, and after going bankrupt, they joined the bandit forces, creating a vicious circle.
Once the bandits are eliminated, the people's minds will be stable and social production will be stable.
In 1953, the situation of suppressing bandits in the whole country was basically over, and in four years, more than 2.6 million bandits were eliminated and converted, and more than 1,860 artillery pieces and 1,401,800 guns were seized.
Looking back on the past, the construction of New China was a process of struggle to overcome all difficulties and unite as one, and today we should also cherish peace, be positive and enterprising, and live up to the painstaking efforts of our ancestors.
Resources
- Zheng Yanfeng, Shi Jijin. Observation and Reflection,2014(8)
- Deng Xiaoping and the Suppression of Bandits in Southwest China.Academy of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Fujian's Struggle Against Bandits. Fujian Party History Fangzhi Network
- Causes and Governance of Bandits in the Republic of China[J].Geomatics of Wuhan University(Philosophy and Social Science)
- New China's Suppression of Bandits and Anti-Special Discipline: In 1952, Zhu De sat in Chongqing to suppress bandits
- The beginning and end of the Black Water Banditry