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On 24 August 1995, the People's Daily published an article signed by Dali -- "Lee Teng-hui and His People."
This article, which is more than 10,000 words long, enumerates a large number of facts and thoroughly exposes Lee Teng-hui's face of splitting the motherland.
However, who is Lee Teng-hui, and how did he climb to the position of the supreme leader of the Taiwan authorities?
1. Behind the "high-class Taiwanese".
On January 15, 1923, in a well-off home in Puping Village, Sanzhi Township, Taipei County, "Yuan Xingju", with a burst of crying, the second young master of the family came to the world, this is Lee Teng-hui, who later became the supreme leader of the Taiwan authorities.
At that time, the large-scale anti-Japanese armed struggle on the island was at a low ebb due to the brutal suppression of the Japanese imperialists, and the Japanese colonialists strengthened the deployment of police forces in various parts of the island in order to strengthen the division and monitoring of the people on the island, and some people who were considered by the Japanese colonists to be "good citizens" were also selected to play the role of "eyes" or thugs.
It was under this historical environment that Lee Teng-hui's father, Li Jinlong, served as a criminal police officer for the Japanese colonial authorities, and the Lee family became "high-class Taiwanese."
This provided Lee Teng-hui with a deep family and social background for him to receive an education in a school with better conditions, to study in Japan, and even to identify with Japan.
Lee Teng-hui's ancestral home is Yongding, Fujian, and he is of the Hakka family, and he is of the same clan as Singapore's senior minister and former prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew, and Lee Teng-hui's 14th generation ancestor crossed the sea to Taiwan.
His grandfather, Li Caijin, was a farmer and also ran a slaughterhouse. Lee Teng-hui's elder brother was named Lee Teng-chin, who was conscripted by the Japanese army and sent to the Philippines and was finally killed in battle. The younger brother, Li Bingnan, was the general manager of a trading company. However, Lee Teng-hui never said in public that he was a Hakka, nor did he speak Hakka, and family services were conducted in Hokkien.
Lee Teng-hui spent his childhood in Puping Village, Sanzhi Township. After going to school, Lee Teng-hui began to receive a completely Japanese-style education.
When he was a child, Lee Teng-hui was not smart, but because he grew tall, he served as the head of the first grade boys' class of Xizhi Elementary School, and with the change of home address, in the course of six years of primary school, Zeng Sanyi School, from Xizhi Elementary School to Sanzhi Elementary School, and then to Tamsui Elementary School.
However, Lee Teng-hui has shown a tame appearance since he was a child. In addition, due to the frequent change of school environment, his classmates and playmates have also changed new faces, and he is often regarded as a "stranger" by others, which may have caused him to be independent of the group, leading to his silent and introverted side later.
A certain elementary school teacher of Lee Teng-hui later confirmed again and again that Lee Teng-hui was "very obedient" when he was in primary school, and his classmates at Sanzhi Primary School said that "Ah Hui rarely seemed to play with his classmates and rarely talked when he was studying."
After graduating from primary school, because the Japanese practice a "differentiated education system," some schools with relatively high teaching quality only admit Japanese children and individual students with "particularly excellent" grades or special family backgrounds.
In the first year after graduating from primary school, Lee Teng-hui applied for the Taipei Normal School, which was among the best in Taiwan at that time in terms of teacher quality and teaching quality, but he was not on the list.
Immediately afterward, Lee Teng-hui applied for the Chenggong Middle School, which can be called a first-class school on the island, but the result ended up being a disgrace to Sun Shan.
2. The reason for being pro-Japanese
After being hit twice in a row, Lee Teng-hui tutored at home for a year of schoolwork, and then went to apply for the Taipei Normal School, but he still failed to pass the examination. After applying for the school three times without success, Lee Teng-hui had no choice but to settle for the next best thing, and the following year, Lee Teng-hui was transferred to the Tamkang Middle School, a church school.
In fact, this school was still an aristocratic school in Taiwan at that time. Here, Lee Teng-hui is still eloquent, still inconspicuous in the eyes of his classmates and teachers, and has no good record.
Lee Teng-hui, like many other ordinary students, wore a hat with the school emblem and a black shirt, dragged his clogs through the streets of Tamsui after class, and his books were wrapped in a piece of blue cloth and hung diagonally over his shoulders.
By the age of fifteen or sixteen, he began to suffer from "self" problems and some self-delusions.
As he later recalled:
"At that time, I thought I was so great and proud. I can't get along with my friends at school, and I go home to have a problem with my parents. When these questions arise, I also ask myself, why is the 'ego' so strong, and my own opinions are always insisted on to the end?"
During his time at school, he mostly lived alone, and when he had problems, he liked to think alone and rarely asked for advice. One of his favorite books to read was Faust and the Devil. The only group activity he participated in was kendo training, and he learned the keys to patience, accuracy, and ruthlessness.
This knowledge made Lee Teng-hui invincible in the surging political struggle on the island and squeezed out of the political situation one by one those who opposed him.
In 1942, Lee Teng-hui graduated from Tamkang High School and entered the Taipei High School, the predecessor of Taiwan Normal University. When Lee Teng-hui entered the three-year Taipei Higher Education School, there were only four Chinese students in his class.
At that time, it was impossible to enter such a school unless you were a civil servant or a child of an aristocratic gentry. In 1943, Lee Teng-hui went to Japan to study at the Imperial University in Kyoto before he finished studying at the Taipei High School. Because Japan did not allow students from Taiwan's colonies to study law and politics, the Taiwanese student had to choose only agricultural economics.
Japanese liberal arts students must join the army, and Lee Teng-hui also served as an artillery lieutenant in the Japanese Army.
During Lee Teng-hui's study in Japan, the situation on the Japanese island became worse and worse as the situation of the world war changed. The US island-hopping tactics have brought the flames of war closer to the Japanese mainland day after day, and bombers have been carpet bombing over Japan from time to time, and the people's food supplies have become more and more scarce, and the entire society has become panicked. On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.
On 9 August, a second atomic bomb exploded in Nagasaki. Lee Teng-hui is naturally worried all day long here.
3. The adventure of "quitting the party" of "Communist Party member" Lee Teng-hui
During his study in Japan, many of Lee Teng-hui's close classmates and friends were followers of Marxism, and the most prominent of them was Yang Ting-yi, nicknamed "Taishan."
At that time, Yang was a frequent visitor to the "Wuqiuliao," a gathering place for Taiwanese students going to Japan, and Lee Teng-hui also hoped that he would be a new socialist youth.
According to his own later recollections, when he was studying in Japan, he liked to read books on literature, history, and philosophy the most, and he was interested in the Japanese political commentator Kawakami's "The Question of Socialism" and Marx's "Capital" and seriously studied them.
In Japan, he witnessed the gap in administrative efficiency and urban development between the Japanese mainland and the colonies, and admired Japan's Meiji Restoration. Because Lee Teng-hui received a complete Japanese-style education, in his later speech and writing, he often used terms similar to Japanese grammar, such as "a generation to build a nation," "one sacrifice, two souls, and three abilities," and so on.
It is precisely because Lee Teng-hui has always disliked "old ideas" and "old ideas" that Lee Teng-hui's Japanese is fluent than Chinese, and Hokkien is more fluent than Hakka.
Perhaps because his Japanese complex is too deep, although he studied in the United States twice for a total of three and a half years, his English is not fluent. Former US President Gerald Ford visited Taiwan and was arranged to play a round of golf with Lee Teng-hui.
According to what he revealed, when Lee Teng-hui met with foreign guests, he spoke Taiwanese when he was unable to express himself in English, and sometimes he suddenly used Japanese.
In the summer of 1947, Lee Teng-hui took part in the preparatory work for the establishment of the "New Democratic Reading Club," an underground party peripheral organization, and joined the Communist Party of China. Also involved in this work are several other underground CCP members.
It is said that Li had a conflict with another CCP member at work, which caused him to change his ideological concepts, and he began to feel that "the road to scientific salvation" might be more suitable for him than "the road to political salvation", so he decided to quit the party on the grounds that he wanted to study with peace of mind.
In September of that year, the underground party organization approved Lee Teng-hui's application to leave the party.
As for the deep-seated reason for his resignation from the party, according to the recollection of Gu Zhengwen, a veteran Kuomintang spy who personally investigated Lee Teng-hui's "Communist Party case":
"Based on the impressions I had in later interviews, I believe that Lee Teng-hui did not have a deep understanding of communism, nor did he have any special enthusiasm, and that he joined the Communist Party probably only because he saw the KMT's decline on the mainland at that time, coupled with the intellectuals around him. And his betrayal of the Communist Party was not actually a deep hatred for it, but the inevitable result of a lack of practical enthusiasm for participation and growing alienation. ”
4. How to enter politics?
In 1948, after graduating from the Department of Agricultural Economics of National Taiwan University, Lee Teng-hui, then 25 years old, stayed on as a teaching assistant with a monthly salary of NT$500.
In 1949, Lee Teng-hui married his fellow countryman Zeng Wenhui. In 1951, Lee Teng-hui was awarded a scholarship from the "Sino-US Foundation" and went to the University of Iowa in central the United States to study the relationship between agricultural economics and commodity prices for a one-and-a-half-year period and obtained a master's degree.
This is Lee Teng-hui's first arrival in the United States. This has also laid the foundation for Lee Teng-hui's further development in Taiwan's academic and political circles in the future.
Later, according to Lee Teng-hui's own recollections, during his days of studying in the United States, his life was not easy, and he only had a meager scholarship, and he not only had to maintain all his living expenses in the United States, but also had to send some of them home.
It is said that during that period, in addition to Huang Dazhou's financial support, Huang Xinjie, who later joined the Democratic Progressive Party, also gave him financial assistance. As a result, the two developed a long-lasting friendship. While researching in the United States, Lee does not seem to have participated in many activities.
After returning to Taiwan, Lee Teng-hui received great help from his classmate Guo Wanrong at National Taiwan University, and immediately became a lecturer at National Taiwan University. At this time, in addition to his post at National Taiwan University, Lee Teng-hui also served as a researcher at Taiwan's cooperative treasury, and since then he has been working part-time, earning more than ordinary people, and his family life has also improved.
In 1954, Taiwan was not yet completely stable, there was still an air battle over the Kinmen Sea, and US aid to Taiwan increased. In the same year, US Vice President Richard Nixon personally allocated a large amount of funds to improve the equipment and environment of Taiwan's colleges and universities, and to attract overseas Chinese students from Southeast Asia to study in Taiwan.
As a result, the treatment and welfare of the faculty and staff of National Taiwan University have also been greatly improved. While Lee Teng-hui, who was 31 years old at the time, continued to teach at National Taiwan University, Lee Teng-hui was introduced by his teacher, Hsu Ching-chung, who was becoming popular in Taiwan's political circles at the time, and then went to the Taiwan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry as a technician and head of the Economic Analysis Unit.
In this way, Lee Teng-hui began his career of holding three positions. In 1957, Lee Teng-hui successfully squeezed into the "Agricultural Rehabilitation Association," which had a high salary (a monthly salary of $200, or NT$8,000) and good welfare.
He was promoted from technical assistant to technical leader, and then promoted to head of the agricultural economic group. Work in Taiwan's only air-conditioned office. Lee Teng-hui served in the "Peasant Rehabilitation Association" for 12 years, during which time he also held a teaching post at Chung Hsing University and also gave lectures at Chengchi University, thus establishing a good relationship with Li Yuantuan, who was also at NCCU at that time, and this may have been one of the reasons why Lee Teng-hui later nominated Li Yuantuan to be "vice president" and vice chairman of the Kuomintang.
In 1965, Lee Teng-hui, who was working in the "Agricultural Rehabilitation Association," won a joint scholarship from the Rockefeller Agricultural Economics Association and Cornell University to study for a doctorate at Cornell University. This year, Lee Teng-hui was exactly 42 years old.
5. Connection to Cornell
Cornell University is one of the famous institutions in the United States, known as the "Ivy League" school. It is a place full of canopies and celebrities, and most of the decision-making levels of American agricultural policy come from this school.
Lee Teng-hui's supervisor at that time was Professor Mailer, who was "an important town in the US agricultural and economic circles" at that time. According to the recollections of Professor Fei Jinghan, a Chinese scholar who taught Lee Teng-hui at Cornell University, Mailer and him, as well as another Chinese-American scholar, Professor Liu Dazhong, had a profound influence on Lee Teng-hui's academic thinking.
Lee Teng-hui's name at Cornell was T· H· Lee。 Cornell's environment at the time was not entirely unfamiliar to him. Because there are a lot of people who go to study from Taiwan, there are Chen Hetian, Gao Yingmao and Huang Wenxiong at the same time as him, as well as Liu Taiying and Huang Dazhou, who went earlier than him. Later, all these people were taken care of by Lee Teng-hui in many ways.
In particular, Huang Dazhou, who was Lee Teng-hui's younger brother when he was at National Taiwan University. However, Huang Dazhou first went to Cornell University to study sociology, and Lee Teng-hui became his younger brother. Because Huang Dazhou's family background was relatively good, he helped Lee Teng-hui financially, and even assisted Lee Teng-hui in writing his thesis, so when Lee Teng-hui's official fortune was prosperous later, Huang Dazhou also soared.
Because Lee Teng-hui has experienced vicissitudes of life and is getting old, he cherishes this opportunity to study.
He always has sufficient preparation before class, and after the fact, he also reviews well and prepares for his graduation thesis early, which is not available to ordinary young students. Therefore, Professor Stan, who used to be Lee Teng-hui's mentor, also said that Lee Teng-hui was a serious and hard-working student at that time.
During his stay in the United States, Lee Teng-hui still paid great attention to his work-study program, and whenever school was closed and other young classmates traveled in groups, Lee was always looking for work. It is said that on the campus of Cornell University at that time, Lee Teng-hui's "lonely" figure could often be seen cutting lawns, flowers, and trees.
In 1968, Lee Teng-hui finally received a doctorate degree in agricultural economics from Cornell University, and his doctoral dissertation, "The Problem of Agricultural, Industrial and Capital Movement: A Case Study of Taiwan from 1895 to 1960," was more than 400 pages long and hundreds of thousands of words, expounding the process of Taiwan's agricultural development in the past half century and discussing the contribution of agriculture to capital formation in Taiwan's economy.
In his dissertation, Lee Teng-hui divided Taiwan's economy into two basic sectors: agriculture and industry; on this basis, he analyzed the internal mechanism of how to enable agriculture to transfer surplus products and funds to industrial development; expounded the circular process in which agriculture exports consumer goods, production raw materials, and export products to the industrial sector, and purchases consumer goods, agricultural production raw materials, and capital property from the industrial sector; and explains that the deduction of agricultural exports is the contribution of agriculture to the capital formation in Taiwan's economic development.
Lee Teng-hui came to the following conclusions in his paper:
In the near future, Taiwan's agriculture will reach its limits in terms of labor, land, resources, production, and so on; Taiwan's economy has "retired from the stage of supporting workers with agriculture and promoting industry with agriculture," and the future should be an era in which industry gives back to agriculture.
Because Lee Teng-hui's paper was well supported by evidence and credible arguments, he was awarded the 1969 American Agricultural Society's National Outstanding Paper Award.
When Lee Teng-hui was studying at Cornell, he often met with Taiwanese students at the residence of international students on Steve Street. Lee Teng-hui often entertained his guests with his specialty "steak banquet," which earned him the nickname "Steak Lee."
Among the many Taiwan students, Lee Teng-hui is the oldest, and he is also respected as a "highly respected" big brother, and he is also well-known. In order not to let his junior brothers lose their interest at festival gatherings, Lee Teng-hui, who has always been taciturn, also made a lot of efforts in this regard and began to quietly and secretly practice the violin.
Sure enough, on Christmas night, when the tall and thin Lee Teng-hui came on stage to play the violin, the audience all looked at him with amazement.
In addition, at the Jones Golf Course in Cornell, Lee Teng-hui also learned to play golf. This laid the foundation for Lee Teng-hui's later promotion of the so-called "silver ball diplomacy."
6. Lee Teng-hui's relationship with "Taiwan independence."
After Lee Teng-hui returned to Taiwan from Japan, he enrolled in the Department of Agricultural Economics of National Taiwan University.
Peng Mingmin, who studied in Japan at the same time as Lee Teng-hui, has just returned from Japan and is studying at National Taiwan University Law School. Later, both were also retained to teach. Because the two of them had an extra layer and went to Japan together, and because they were both quite dissatisfied with the Kuomintang authorities, the relationship between the two was particularly good, and they often sat together to discuss various issues, and this situation lasted for a long time.
According to Peng Mingmin's recollections, he and Lee Teng-hui often had long talks when they were at National Taiwan University, and Lee Teng-hui was fiercely critical of the Kuomintang authorities' policy of "exchanging fertilizer for grain."
Peng Mingmin also said that he was with Lee Teng-hui just a day before he was arrested by the authorities on charges of "rebellion" before the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1964.
Peng Ming-min was a Taiwanese "young talent" who was trained by Chiang's father and son, and was hired as a professor of law at National Taiwan University very early, and was later appointed as a legal adviser to the Taiwan authorities in the United Nations, and was personally "summoned" by Chiang Kai-shek, who was interested in further training him, but Peng Mingmin did not accept the affection of Chiang's father and son, and was always unwilling to join the Kuomintang.
Later, Peng Mingmin's political views clearly tended toward "Taiwan independence."
In 1964, Peng Mingmin, together with his student Xie Congmin and others, concocted the so-called "Manifesto of the Taiwanese Self-Help Movement," declaring that "'one China, one Taiwan' has long been an ironclad fact" and calling on the Taiwanese people to rise up and overthrow Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship and "unite the forces of 12 million people, regardless of provincial nationality, to cooperate wholeheartedly to build a new country and establish a new government."
Just when Peng Mingmin's "Declaration of the Self-Help Movement" was about to be taken out of the printing house and distributed, it was discovered by Taiwan's intelligence organs in time, and Peng Mingmin and others were arrested.
Later, with the help of the CIA, Peng Mingmin went into exile in the United States. In 1965, when Lee Teng-hui went to the United States to study again, Peng Ming-min was promoting his "Taiwan independence" activities in the United States, and it was rumored that Peng and Lee had many contacts in the United States.
In addition, because of the "martial law" system implemented by Chiang's father and son on the island, the "Taiwan independence" elements on the island were silenced, but the "Taiwan independence" elements in the United States, Japan, and other places were extremely active, and quite a number of "Taiwan independence" organizations were established.
In 1968, "Taiwan independence" elements established the "Taiwan Independence Alliance" in the United States, advocating "violent revolution" and advocating the overthrow of the rule of Chiang's father and son and the establishment of an independent "Republic of Taiwan" through armed uprising, assassination and other means.
At that time, Huang Wenxiong, who was in the same school as Lee Teng-hui and called each other "big brother" and "junior brother," and had a close relationship, was one of the members of the organization. Huang Wenxiong studied politics at Cornell University, and before joining the organization, he vigorously advocated "Taiwan independence."
According to Lee Teng-hui's confession to the "National Security Bureau" on one occasion, when Huang Wen-hsiung was eating steak with him one day, he instilled the idea of "Taiwan independence" in the people present, and as a result, several people broke up unhappily.
On 24 April 1969, Chiang Ching-kuo, then vice president of Taiwan's "Executive Yuan," who was on an "official" visit to the United States, was suddenly shot at by "Taiwan independence" elements Huang Wen-hsiung and Zheng Zicai in front of the Brasa Hotel in New York City.
Because Lee Teng-hui and Huang Wen-hsiung had a close relationship, and Huang Wen-hsiung had become a murderer in a "Taiwan independence" organization, some of Huang's former good friends on the island, including Lee Teng-hui, were naturally targeted again by the island's intelligence organizations.
In addition, Lee Teng-hui's teacher at Kang University, Professor Liu Dazhong, returned to Taiwan in 1967 to serve as the director of the "Reform and Reform Commission."
According to a report in Taiwan's "Freedom Times", when the news of Liu Dazhong's tax reform in Taiwan was reported back to the United States, some Taiwanese students at UConn published anonymous articles in the school magazine, criticizing Liu for aiding and abetting in Taiwan and "squeezing the hard-earned money of Taiwanese people on behalf of Chiang Kai-shek." ”
The article is said to have "in fact not written by Lee Teng-hui, but by another 'Taiwan independence' activist, but at that time, the Kuomintang spy in the United States was planted on Lee Teng-hui's head, and the report directly accused Lee Teng-hui of writing an anonymous article criticizing Liu Dazhong." As a result, the black materials of the 'Taiwan independence elements' who are suspected of attacking government official Liu Dazhong have been included in the 'secret file' concerning Lee Teng-hui."
This became another basis for the Kuomintang spies at that time to suspect that Lee Teng-hui was implicated in "Taiwan independence."
Because of Lee Teng-hui's suspicion of "Taiwan independence," he fell into the "most depressing period" of his life.
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