Li Zhen painted the portrait of Hui Goa Jali
Xi Huiguo Da Ajali instructed Japan to enter the Tang Dynasty to study the monk Kukai once told him: "The secret collection of the true words is sparse and secret, and the pictures cannot be passed on without false pictures", that is, more than ten people such as Danqing Li Zhen were enshrined, and eleven paintings such as the Great Mandala of the Tibetan Realm and the Vajra Realm were painted to grant Kukai. The mandalas of the two realms were then introduced to the East in the form of pictures along with the two tantric teachings and carried forward. The Vault is spread by the pictures, and the pictures are revealed through the Vault.
The two tantric methods passed on by Huiguo Da Ajali are inherited from the Nantian Tower and the mantra of Qidongying at the bottom, which have been passed down from generation to generation, and the Dharma has a long lineage, which is the inheritance system of Han Esoteric Buddhism. Because it originated from the Tang Dynasty and is different from the Tibetan tantric system, it is called "Tang Mi" in modern times.
The mandala painting described in this article is based on the mandala painting of the Tang Mi system inherited and instructed by Huiguo Da Acharya.
The East Temple has two worlds of mandalas
1. Overview of mandalas
Mandala, a transliteration of the Sanskrit word mandala. In terms of external form, it is translated as "round altar", "mandala", "mandala", etc., and in terms of internal meaning, it is translated as "round circle", "gathering", "occurring", and "extremely incomparably tasteless and not overtasted".
"Round altar", "mandala", "mandala", etc. are all "altars". The second verse of "The Great Nikkei Entering the Mandala with Destiny Mantra" reads: "The mountains and forests are full of flowers and fruits, and the clear springs are pleasant, and the Buddhas sigh for the cause of the round altar." The "Roundtan Cause" is the mandala.
"Wheel Yuan" meaning, that is, "to the lotus flower metaphor of this mandala meaning, Virujana local heart, that is, the flower platform concrete." Four Buddhas and Four Bodhisattvas, Daigo Virtue, such as all the truth, the ten world dust number Vajra secret wisdom difference wisdom seal, like the sideburns, the ten world dust number of great compassion and ten thousand lines of paramita, like a flower hidden, three times six immeasurable body, like the rhizome, strips and leaves shine intertwined, with the circumference of the wheel of all virtues, the name mandala. (The Great Nikkei)
"Gathering" righteousness, that is, "gathering the true merits of the Buddha in one place, and even the difference in the number of dust in the ten worlds, the wisdom seal wheel is round, and the wings are assisted by the Great Sun Heart King, so that all sentient beings can be enlightened." ("The Great Nikkei")
The meaning of "occurring" means "the seed of bodhicitta is planted in all the minds of the mind, moistened with the water of great compassion, illuminated with the sun of great wisdom, drummed with a great wind of convenience, and does not hinder the great emptiness, which can cause the inconceivable Dharma buds to grow, and even fill the Dharma realm to become the king of the Buddha tree, so it is called happening." ("The Great Nikkei")
In addition, "The Great Nikkei Shu" also explains: " Sanskrit mandala, is the righteousness of saving cheese into Su, mandala is the crisp in the most refined alcohol, floating in the righteousness, the essence of the mellow does not change, the name is firm, the taste of pure and wonderful is in harmony with each other, the rest can not be mixed, so there is a gathering of righteousness, is therefore the Buddha's words are extremely incomparably tasteless, is therefore said to be a mandala, with three kinds of secret convenience, save the milk of the Buddha nature of all beings, and even experience the five flavors into a wonderful awakening, mellow and wonderful can not be increased, all the Vajra wisdom seal together gathered, in the true constant nectar taste is the first, is for the mandala righteousness. ”
In ancient times, the construction of the "altar" is mostly related to major activities such as sacrifice and state affairs, and the ancestors of all ethnic groups in the world have their own custom of setting up the "altar" for sacrificing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods and even ancestors, and its "altar" is either square or round, or colored or painted, or there is a building or no building, and its "altar" divinity and characteristics are highlighted with its national habits. China calls it "altar", and India calls it "mandala". The existing Sheji Altar in Zhongshan Park in Beijing is an ancient Chinese altar form, which is laid out in geometric shapes with five-colored soil, representing five directions, five colors and five elements. If the Indian "mandala" pays attention to the characteristics of geometric form, the shrine is also a relatively simple and full of characteristics of the "mandala".
Buddhism developed in India to the Esoteric period, and the mandala was brought to the extreme. When he practiced tantric teachings, he built mandalas in strict accordance with the scriptures at the right time and place, drawing images of various holy statues and fine geometric patterns, and then breaking the altar and discarding it afterwards to show that it is "gathered" and "emptiness" despite "gathering". Fortunately, in a large number of Esoteric classics, descendants can still get a glimpse of the outline of the mandala established by Acharya, the ancient Indian Esoteric religion.
Influenced by factors such as humanistic customs and geographical environment, Esoteric Buddhism entered China and became Tang Mi, and the way it established the mandala also underwent some changes, such as: changing the earthen altar to a wooden altar, and the original mandala painted on the earthen altar also adopted the form of a Chinese paper silk drawing mandala that was hung separately from the altar. In addition, Tang Mi used wooden altars and picture mandalas, and did not break the altar and destroy the image afterwards, but kept it for inheritance. The domestic Tang Dynasty has lost many exquisite Tang Mi mandala painting treasures due to the difficulty of Huichang, so that now Chinese people have to go to Dongying to find Tang Mi mandalas or Tang Mi related materials.
2. Classification of mandala paintings
There are many ways to classify mandala paintings, and there is a traditional theory of "four mans", but this article roughly classifies mandalas from the following three aspects.
1. Regionalism:
Mandala painting can be divided into three types: Indian mandala, Tangmi mandala, and Tibetan mandala.
Different regions and cultures have different mandala traditions and styles. The Tang Esoteric Dharma is transmitted to Japan, and the Japanese Esoteric Buddhism is a direct bottle of Tang Esoteric Buddhism, so the Japanese Esoteric Mandalas belong to the Tang Mi Mandala category and are not listed separately.
Indian mandala, in order to build an earthen altar and paint the statues of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas on the altar, the altar was broken and destroyed, so that it does not exist today.
Heian period, 81 mandalas in the Vajra realm, collection of the Nezu Museum of Art
Tangmi mandalas and Tibetan mandalas are mostly in the form of paintings, or paper silk or murals, which are not broken afterwards so that they can be passed on and reused.
Tibetan Tantra Chakra Vajra Mandala
Although both Tangmi mandalas and Tibetan mandalas are painting forms, their painting styles are slightly different due to different inheritance systems. For example, in the form of composition: Tang dense multi-square, square in the circle, Tibetan multi-circle, circle with square. In terms of overall effect: Tang Mi is simple and plain, with strong integrity, and Tibetan style is complicated and stacked, with strong decorative taste. In terms of character portrayal, Tang Mi is smart and realistic, with a variety of shapes, and the Tibetan style follows the rules and regulations, and there is no transgressive stereotype. In the line of the pen: Tang Mi pays attention to the calligraphy pen, and the tone is frustrated, and the Tibetan style pays attention to fine painting and never tires of it. In terms of coloring, Tang Mi is calm and steady, and the relationship is harmonious, while Tibetan colors are gorgeous and full of dynamics. In addition, the Tang Dynasty is a large mandala with a complete system of two golden fetus, while the Tibetan style is mostly a miscellaneous mandala with a certain deity as the main body.
Cave 3 of Yulin Cave West side of the south wall of the Tibetan realm mandala
2. Based on the material:
Mandala painting can be divided into: earthen altar picture mandala, paper silk picture mandala, mural mandala, wooden board mandala and other different material picture mandala.
The earthen altar picture mandala is the Indian mandala, as mentioned above, it was broken afterwards and does not exist today.
Silk picture mandala, Han and Tibetan have, in the Han for the Tang Mi mandala, spread to Japan and widely promoted; in the Tibetan name Thangka mandala, self-contained system and grand view.
Mural mandalas and wood-paneled mandalas are mostly found in Tibetan mandalas.
Ruyi wheel mandala
3. Formalism:
Mandala painting can be divided into three types: metropolitan mandala, ministerial mandala, and Bezun mandala.
Metropolitan mandala, also known as Dumen mandala and Pumen mandala, is a mandala where all the deities gather, such as the mandala of the two worlds.
Big Buddha top mandala
The mandala of the ministry is to draw the mandala of the gathering of all the deities of a certain ministry, such as the Buddha's top mandala.
A word golden wheel mandala
Bezun mandala, also known as a mandala, all mandalas, that is, a mandala that depicts a certain deity and its dependents, such as Shakya mandala, etc.
Generally speaking, the metropolitan mandala refers to the mandalas of the two realms, while the tribal mandalas and the bezun mandalas are collectively referred to as miscellaneous mandalas.
In addition, in terms of painting form, the traditional so-called "four mans" are only in terms of the Tang Mi mandala, that is, the modern picture mandala is divided into "four mans". The "four mandalas", namely: the big mandala, the samaya mandala, the dharma mandala, and the karma mandala.
The big mandala, also known as the venerable mandala, is a mandala with a good appearance. Such as "Two Realms Great Mandala", "Lotus Great Mandala" and so on. In the vajra realm mandala, the great mandala refers to the attainment of the body.
Samaya mandala, that is, a samaya-shaped mandala that depicts the deed of the deity or the rod it holds, such as: "Two Realms Mandala" and so on. In the vajra mandala, the samaya mandala specifically refers to the samaya meeting.
Fa mandala, also known as seed mandala, is a mandala that depicts the Sanskrit characters of the seeds of all the deities. Such as: "Two Realms Seed Mandala" and many other seed mandalas. In the vajra mandala, the dharma mandala refers to the subtle meeting.
Karma mandala, i.e., the mandala that depicts the deeds of all the deities, in the vajra realm mandala, the karma mandala specifically refers to the offering association. In addition, karma mandalas also refer to three-dimensional mandalas established in the form of casting and kneading, which is beyond the scope of this article, so it is not considered.
3. Tang Mi Xiantu mandala, two worlds mandala, and miscellaneous mandala
There is a difference between a broad and narrow sense of the present mandala. In the broad sense, the mandala is a large number of paper silk mandalas that were taught to Kukai by Huigoa Jali in Kukai, and a large number of paper silk mandalas that were returned to Japan by Yuanzhen and Zong Rui and have been handed down to this day, that is, Tangmi mandalas. It is different from the "Sutra Mandala" mentioned in the "Great Nikkei" and the "Great Nikkei Shu", and it is also different from the "Mandala of Ajali Transmission" in the ritual map written by the Good and Fearless Sanzang. In the narrow sense, the mandala refers specifically to the two worlds of the mandala of the empty sea granted by the Huigoa Jali, or specifically to the mandala of the Tibetan realm. Therefore, regardless of the broad and narrow sense, the present Tu mandala is a Tang Mi mandala, also known as a Tang Mi Xiantu mandala.
Regarding the author of the beginning of the mandala of the present picture, one says that they were all drawn by the Dragon Wisdom Bodhisattva and the Dragon Fierce Bodhisattva; one says that the three Tibets of goodness and fearlessness ask for holy blessings under the pagoda of the King of Jinsu, and the mandalas of the two worlds appear in the air at the same time; and the first is that the mandalas of the Tibetan realm are felt by the three Tibets of goodness and fearlessness, and the mandalas of the Vajra realm are felt by the three Tibets of Vajra wisdom. The most convincing theory is that the mandalas in the two worlds are all painted in many colors according to the mandalas transmitted by the Sutra and the Ajali pears. Because: First, the good and fearless Sanzang says that in the Great Nikkei Shu, it only says that the mandalas transmitted by the (Long Zhi) Ajali do not show the mandalas of the present picture of the Tibetan Tibetan mandala; on the other hand, in the rituals and the translated sutras of the Vajra Wisdom Sanzang and the Bukong Ajali Teachings, there is no construction of the mandala of the Nine Societies of the Vajra Realm; and the third is that the mandalas of the present picture of the Tibetan realm are different from the mandalas of the Sutra Sutra and the mandalas transmitted by Acharya. In addition, when Hui Goa Jali called Li Zhen and other drawings to appear in the mandala, he also asked to worship Dr. Zhao Wu and other newly made props to grant the empty sea, and the new props were made of metal, which was different from the previous water-holding pottery. The above many differences and changes fully show that the author of the current mandala is Huigoa Jali.
The present mandala includes the two realms mandala and the miscellaneous mandala, the two realms mandala is the womb Tibetan realm mandala and the vajra realm mandala, and the miscellaneous mandala is the other ministries or other sects or other deity mandalas other than the two realms mandala.
Womb World Mandala
The Tibetan mandala of the womb, drawn according to the "Great Nikkei", is called the Great Compassion Tibetan Mandala, also known as the Li Mandala, the Inmandala, and the Eastern Mandala. In order to correspond to the mandala of the Vajra realm, it is called the Tibetan realm mandala.
The so-called "womb collection", "Da Nikkei Shu" interprets it with two metaphors, one is a twin metaphor, that is, the practitioner has all the wisdom at the beginning, like a seed in the womb, gradually growing. When it comes to birth, he gradually acquires human law and learns all kinds of tricks. In the pure heart, initiate the convenience of self-cultivation, with the fate of the benefit of all sentient beings, and to all the wisdom of the land; the two lotus flowers, that is, the lotus is planted in the hard shell, the nature of the branches and flowers and leaves has been sufficient, gradually growing, and even the blisters are born, and the lotus platform fruit is hidden in the leaves, such as the heart of the world is still in the clouds, not hurt by the wind and cold, day and night, and the sun shines and opens, and it is convenient to satisfy. Therefore, the one who has great compassion in the womb, that is, the bodhichitta that has rigpa, although it has immeasurable merits and perfection, but if the twin that covers the mother's body has not been revealed, it is hidden in the cloud womb.
If the mandala is transmitted according to the Sutra Mandala and the Ajali Teachings, the Tibetan Mandala is divided into fourfold (including Zhongtai) thirteen courtyards, and the four are: 1. Zhongtai Eight Leaves. 2. The Buddha Department of the Buddha Temple of the Buddha Temple of the Buddha Temple of the Buddha Temple of the Temple of the Buddha Temple of the Buddha Temple of the 3. The second upper Manjushri, the left side of the barrier, the right side of the Jizo, the lower Void Tibetan Temple, etc. Fourth, the third Shakya's birth and dependents, etc. The thirteen courtyards are: Zhongtai Eight Leaves Temple, Panzhi Temple, Guanyin Temple, Vajrapani Temple, Ming Wang Temple, Four Great Nursing Temples, Shakya Temple, Wenshu Temple, except for the Barrier Temple, the Dizang Temple, the Void Tibetan Temple, the Suxi Earth Temple, the Guardian Heavenly Temple, etc.
The current picture of the Tibetan mandala is different, and the Huigoa Jali has a fate according to the "Great Nikkei": "The second courtyard, in the middle of the first gate of the East, draw Shakyamuni", and add the Shakyamuni Monastery between the Panzhi Monastery and the Wenshu Monastery. Correspondingly, the Western Void Tibetan Monastery also opened the Susidi Monastery, so outside the middle platform, the upper and lower (east and west) are fourfold, and the left and right (north and south) are each triple. The thirteen courtyards also omitted the four major nursing courtyards, and became the twelve courtyards.
In the current picture of the Tibetan mandala, there are nine statues of the Eight Leaves Monastery of Zhongtai, seven statues of the Omniscient Temple, thirty-nine statues of the Shakya Temple, five statues of the Ming Temple, twenty-eight statues of the Void Tibetan Temple, thirty-three statues of the Vajrapani Temple, nine statues of the Cover Barrier Temple, thirty-seven statues of the Lord of the Guanyin Temple, nine statues of the Jizo Temple, twenty-five statues of the Wenshu Temple, eight statues of the Susidi Temple, and two hundred and five statues of the Outer Vajra Temple, a total of 414 statues.
Golden Mandala
The mandala of the Vajra Realm, drawn according to the "Diamond Sutra" translated by Ajali of Bukong, is a collection of nine kinds of mandalas in the "Diamond Sutra", also known as the mandala of the nine associations of the Vajra Realm. Corresponding to the mandala of the Tibetan realm, the mandala of the vajra realm is also known as: wisdom mandala, fruit mandala, and western mandala.
The first seal of the Vajra realm will come on a great day
"Diamond Sutra" cloud: All the vajra realm that fills all the void realm, everything that comes to the vajra realm of body, mouth, and heart, with the blessing of all the vajra, and enters the Sata Vajra, then everything is as it comes, and the Bodhisattva Mahasattva is attained in all righteousness, and in the name of Vajra, the name of Vajra, is called the Vajra realm.
Vajra Realm - Rational Society
The so-called "Vajra" is the Dharma body of the first enlightenment of the cultivation of the great wisdom of Vajra, which can promote the three realms of trouble, karma and suffering, and realize the truth that the mind is not born. The Vajra metaphor is the five wisdoms of all wisdom and the Dharma realm. The righteousness of the realm and the body. The five wisdom of King Kong is a firm and immovable body, so it is called "King Kong Realm".
The original Sanskrit version of the "Diamond Sutra" has 18 meetings and 100,000 verses. The "Diamond Sutra" translated by Bukong Ajali is only the first product of the first meeting in the Sanskrit "Diamond Sutra", and the solutions of the rest of the associations can be found in his translation of "The Eighteen Meetings of Diamond Yoga". In the Song Dynasty, Shi Hu, Fa Xian Zhushi, etc., translated the first meeting, the sixth meeting, and the fifteenth meeting of the eighteen meetings of the Sanskrit "Diamond Sutra".
Vajra Realm - Four Seals
Therefore, the mandalas of the nine associations of the Vajra realm are not nine of the eighteen meetings of the Sanskrit version of the "Vajra Sutra", but the six kinds of mandalas mentioned in the first meeting of the "Vajra Realm Products", namely, the great mandala of the Vajra realm, the dharani mandala, the micro vajra mandala, and the vast offering karma mandala, the four Indian mandalas, and the one Indian mandala. These six kinds of mandalas, plus the mandalas of the Rational Fun Sutra translated by the Sixth Society, plus the mandala rituals and secret mandalas of the third great product in the initial meeting of the Diamond Sutra, are combined into the mandalas of the Nine Meetings of the Present Diamond Realm. This combination is not available in India. The existing ancient book of the "Five Minds" of the Vajra Realm Mandala (Tibetan Shiga Sonojoji Temple, Japan) transmitted by the Three Tibetans of Good and Fearless Sanzang (Tibetan Shiga Sonojoji Temple) only depicts the first six kinds of mandalas. When Hui Goa Jali was his disciple to set up the great mandala throne of the Vajra realm, he once said: If the throne I am placed today corresponds to the Dharma, it will rain suddenly. The oath is over and the rain is pouring down. From this, it can be seen that the original author of the mandala of the Vajra realm in the present picture is also the Huigoa Jali who inherited the two tantric teachings.
Vajra Realm - Enlightenment
The Vajra realm mandala is centered on the Enlightenment Meeting, that is, the Vajra Realm Mandala in the first meeting of the "Vajra Realm", which teaches the five phases of the practitioner's incarnation and the appearance of the three tantric contemplation of becoming a Buddha, which is the overall foundation of the following associations, so it is also called the root meeting. The nine associations of the mandalas in the Vajra realm are as follows: the Enlightenment Society, the Samaya Society, the Micro Society, the Offering Society, the Four Seals Society, the One Seal Society, the Rational Fun Society, the Descent of the Third Life Society, and the Descent of the Third World Samaya Society. This sequence is to turn the door from self-effect to the cause, which means that the Buddhas are hanging down and educating sentient beings, and vice versa, to turn the door from cause to effect, that is, sentient beings practice according to the law and even become Buddhas.
Eighty-one mandalas in the Vajra realm
In the mandala of the Vajra realm in the present picture, there are 1,061 statues of the Enlightenment Society, 73 statues of the Samaya Society, 73 statues of the Micro Society, 73 statues of the Offering Society, 13 statues of the Four Seals Society, 1 statue of the One Seal Society, 17 statues of the Rational Society, 77 statues of the 3rd Formation Society, 73 statues of the 3rd Samaya Society, a total of 1,461 statues.
Maitreya mandala from the Kamakura period
Miscellaneous mandalas, the combined name of the tribal mandala and the other mandala, are the mandalas established by the two worlds of mandalas according to the esoteric scriptures of a certain sect, or a mandala drawn by a certain deity as the deity, and depicted their tribal dependents, etc., in order to show their special virtues. According to the secret categories, the miscellaneous mandalas are divided into: the Buddha's top, the sutras, the Guanyin department, the Bodhisattva department, the Ming King department, the heavenly department and other mandalas. Among the miscellaneous mandalas, there are Shakya mandalas and Amitabha mandalas in the Coming Division; there are Mandalas on the top of the Buddha and Mandalas on the top of the Buddha; there are Mandalas of the Lotus Sutra and Mandalas of the Niwang Sutra in the Sutras; there are Wishful Wheel Mandalas and Thousand-Handed Mandalas in the Guanyin Division; there are Void Tibetan Mandalas and Five Secret Mandalas in the Bodhisattva Division; there are Generalissimo Mandalas and Ai Dye Ming King Mandalas in the Ming King Division; and there are Beidou Mandalas and Flame Demon Heavenly Mandalas in the Heavenly Heavens Division.
Fourth, the requirements for the drawing of the Tangmi mandala, the steps and related rules
There are many detailed rules for drawing a tanami mandala, and almost every esoteric sutra has a special chapter on "portrait method" or "portrait object", detailing the requirements, stages, and rules for drawing the mandala in this classic. In addition to the dedicated chapters, there are also supplementary descriptions of how to draw mandalas in other chapters, so each Esoteric sutra is also an important guide on how to draw mandalas in that sutra.
The following is only based on the "Great Nikkei" and other esoteric classics to briefly describe the requirements for drawing tangmi mandalas, the steps and related rules.
(1) Requirements for painters
The painting mandala is first of all extremely strict for the artist, with internal requirements such as faith in the first place, followed by external requirements such as technology, both of which are indispensable, and the requirements of other comprehensive qualities of the painter cannot be ignored.
1. Develop bodhichitta
I made a vow that I would always aspire to all wisdom and wisdom and be all sentient beings in the Dharma realm. This heart is like a flag, the leader of all actions, like a seed, the foundation of all virtues.
2. Profound wisdom and compassion
Possessing the wisdom of Prajna, being able to know the right and wrong of the judgment, in all the undertakings of the mandala, there is no doubt that the mind of conformity is stagnant. At the same time, compassion and compassion are in the marrow of the bones, and everything that is done is done for the sake of building up sentient beings, which will surely lead to the attainment of the happiness of the endless Dharma realm and the liberation of the suffering of the endless realm of sentient beings.
3. Combine all arts
All kinds of tricks in the world, such as the theory of sound and cause, the sixteen-four abilities of the eighteen clear places, the arithmetic prescription and the view of the workmanship, etc., are all fake to others, and the second time is not lacking. If you are in the Dharma, if you do not contradict reality, and you will be able to create secret mandalas at will.
4. Skillful practice of Prajnaparamita
That is, to deeply observe the ten fateful sentences, to see the deep middle way, according to the emptiness, is like the Maha Prajna in the wide speech, in the words and contemplation of the mind, good and accessible, away from seeing.
5. Access to the three vehicles
In the Mahayana Three Tibetan Religions, the meaning of the text is also good, and it is difficult to answer, and it can be made into three learnings to uproot evil and evil. In all kinds of holy words, all of them are unified with their essence, if you can hold the heart seal, open all the methods, and even in the mantra gate, take the three secret seals to the three equal places of the Buddha, which is called the three vehicles of access.
6. Be good at understanding the truth and meaning
In all kinds of mantras, all kinds of body prints, all kinds of Buddha-figures, and even dependent offerings, etc., the sounds and characters are different, and the nature of the words is different according to things, that is, to understand the true meaning of the mantra.
7. Know the hearts of all beings
Knowing the upper, middle and lower parts of the three parts, all kinds of sexual differences, and living in yoga, with blessings and convenience, can know the hearts and minds of sentient beings.
8. Believe in Buddhas and Bodhisattvas
All good dharmas are headed by faith, and all the fate and events here are practiced with faith.
9. Attain Dharma empowerment and be good at understanding mandala painting
After receiving empowerment in the Dharma, he gradually studied and even attained all virtues. It is necessary to interpret the mandala image, the physiognomy of one side, and the solemnity of the multi-colored paintings, all of which should be self-respecting and do not look at other faces. It is more able to purify bodhicitta and to facilitate wisdom, painting endless solemn big mandala kings.
10. Its sexual tone is soft and detached from ego
Its temperament is soft, that is, it is to settle down in the missionary majesty and endure humiliation, to be gentle and obedient and not violent, and not to have a high and slow heart, to be able to be benevolent and induce new learning, and even to humble the surname, etc., and not to harbor inferior thoughts and jealousy, but to concentrate on self-regulation with the law, and to live according to the law, if it is soft, it is free from self-grasping. Hundreds of pure wax to adjust the softness, with the hands of the craftsman to do everything, all the rough minerals, with the hands of the wisdom of everything, so can live and humiliate with the fate of things.
11. Decide what is true and what is good in deeds
In the various conveniences of making mandalas, the experience decided to leave the network of doubts. The so-called protection of the body, such as enchantment, such as invitation, such as purifying the offerings and offering them, blessing them with mantra mudras, and even reciting and cultivating to the Siddhi.
12. Study yoga
Good practice of the corresponding Dharma, in the three mantras upper, middle and lower achievements and other things, one by one, all corresponding to the righteousness, the name of good practice of yoga.
13. Dwelling in Yongjian bodhicitta
Courage and health are vigorous and without cowardice, and when they do not see the true meaning, there are all kinds of disobedience in front of them, or they are terrible, or they make strange noises, or the earth shakes, or they are vigorously Vinaye Kada, they must be at ease and do not move, there is no retreat, they are purified according to the teachings, and they are born and die without fear of thinking, and their demons cannot be hindered. When you see the path of enlightenment, you will have the strength of the infinite wish, and even the King of the Golden-winged Bird of Virujana, looking down on the Dharma Realm and the sea like a mirror, and striving to watch the wings and fight the heavens, men and dragons, is the bodhichitta of courage and health.
In addition, the painter must be a person who has three returns, five precepts and eight precepts, bathing and fasting during the painting period, wearing clean clothes, chanting mantras, cutting off all discussions, having no other thoughts, cutting off meat and wine, etc., especially with a thought of fasting seeds with a straight heart, such as Virujana who is all over the right heart, and chooses to remove the very fine dirt of ignorant parents in the heart, and then can open the mandala of all virtues in it.
(2) Environmental requirements
When painting a mandala, the surroundings also need to be pure, pleasant, sacred, and dignified.
1. First of all, choose to rule the flat land
Choose a place that is fair and dignified, and act with a casual action, eliminating many impurities, so that there is no obstacle, and then you can do things.
2. Nestled in the mountains and rivers
"The mountains and forests are full of fruits, the pleasing springs, the Buddhas sigh, and they should be the altar. or in the river, geese and geese and other solemn places, they should be wise and enlightened, and sorrowful mandalas". Among the victories, the mountains and forests are on top, all kinds of famous flowers are sweet, and there are places where the pure spring pond is loved and pleasant, and it is praised by the Buddha, and it can be used as a mandala cause. If there is no nameless mountain to follow, that is, the spring water and rivers are often not cut off, the wonderful sound is good, the birds are flying and singing, and the place where the noise is kept away from the hustle and bustle can also be clean.
3. Or travel to the holy place according to the sound and hearing of the fate
The places where the Buddhas and the disciples of the Buddhas reside, wander, attain, and attain Nirvana are all holy places where the heavens of the Great Virtue always protect and pay homage, just like the place where the Prajna Sutra is located, the little ghosts dare not stay, so the Dharma test is easy to achieve.
4. Live in a pure residence in the pavilion.
The pavilion is a high and flat place on the heavy house, and it is quiet and quiet. Lan Ruo's name is the place of happiness, which means emptiness, the place where the traveler is happy. Where it is pure and dignified, away from the hustle and bustle, and can be profitable, you can draw a mandala in the middle.
(3) Time requirements
The day is cloudy and sunny, the moon is full and missing, and the selection of good days and auspicious days is an important prerequisite for drawing mandalas.
There are clouds in the "Great Nikkei": In the morning of a good day, the time of the fixed day, all the attachments are corresponding. It is auspicious before eating.
Those who have a good day in the morning should divide the moon in white. The white equinox is from the 1st to the 15th of the month. The first, third, fifth, seventh, and thirteenth days are all auspicious and can be used as mandalas, while the eighth, fourteenth, and fifteenth days are the most victorious. If the moon is divided in white, the fifteenth day of the month is black and unusable, and the date is fixed by this covenant. At the time of day, day and night are thirty o'clock, a certain auspicious, a certain fierce, a certain time of peace, each time has a similar name. Suzhi is twenty-seven houses, Tianzhu has no cow house, so it is called twenty-seven houses. There are upper, middle and lower, and the sex is different from rigidity, softness, restlessness and quietness. The deceptives are the sun, moon, fire, water, wood, gold, and earth of the seven yao, and the Rahu Ji are all combined into nine deacy, except for the Rahu Ji Du two deacy, the rest of the seven Yao phases are the same as the sun, and each has its own good and evil. Therefore, it is advisable to choose the auspicious time and the day of the Zhizhi Zhuzhi, and the mandalas it makes should also be in harmony. Before eating, the first day is like a pure heart appearing, the middle day is like initiating all actions, and the next day is like ten thousand virtues have been completed. The first night is like dwelling in the great nirvana in the land of self-proof, and the second night is like reciting the blessing power of the original vow, and the cycle is endless, and the day and the body are one and the four continents are different. Now this mandala is intended to develop bodhicitta day by day, before taking food. In addition, there are three times in the day and night, and the calamities can be relieved before eating, gain during the twilight, and subdued at night. Those who are auspicious are said to be on the ground or in the air at that time, and all kinds of auspicious phases appear.
In addition, other Esoteric texts also have specific requirements for the time of drawing in that scripture.
(4) Requirements for painting materials
What materials are used to draw and what materials are drawn are clearly stated in the Esoteric scriptures, but they are nothing more than silk felt, colors, utensils, glue, etc. In summary, even if you use good white felt or plain silk, that is, you can use high-quality rice paper, which needs to be flawless and pure in texture. Painting colors requires the use of good and fine high-quality mineral pigments and the use of new vessels. The glue used for blending colors needs to use vegetable glue such as fragrant gum, wood glue, and animal glue such as leather glue shall not be used.
(5) Draw the steps of the Tangmi mandala
In the same way that Esoteric Buddhism focuses on elaborate rituals, there are also strict rituals for drawing mandalas. In many esoteric texts, there are different steps in the drawing of the mandala in this sutra, but they are generally the same, so they are summarized as follows.
1. Pure mind
First of all, it is necessary to cleanse the dust and purify the thoughts, and visualize the endless solemn body of the great day all around the Dharma realm, and everything in the three worlds of the ten directions is the same, and the endless solemn body is all around the Dharma realm, from the ten dwelling places to the bodhisattvas of the first place, the solemn body is divided, and there is no gap in the Dharma realm immeasurably and boundlessly.
2. Worship the Buddha and recite it
In front of the Buddha statue, with the purity of the three karma sincere all over the ten directions of the Buddhas and saints, may no obstacles and difficulties quickly become the supreme Bodhi, kneel down and press the ground, recite the warning of the earth god seven times, and say:
Thou shalt be the protector of the Buddhas, and the Buddha will practice the special practice of purifying the paramita.
If you break the demon army, you will save the world, and I will subdue the demons, and I will draw mandalas.
3. Fragrant flower offerings
With all kinds of incense, flowers, lanterns, etc., to support the Buddhas of the ten directions and the gods of the earth. To dedicate all the merits of pure bodhichitta to all the wisdom seals is to make offerings to all the Buddhas and earth-holders in the Dharma Realm. With this merit dedication, to support the cause of becoming a Buddha, that is, to make offerings to all the Buddhas and those who hold the land in the Dharma realm. If you solemnize this vajra dojo, you will be offering to all the Buddhas in the ten worlds with the Dharma. The offering has been made, and everything is as it is to be returned.
4. Recite the mantra and sprinkle it clean
Recite the mantra of the third life, the mantra of immobility, and the mantra of perfume 188 times or even 1,000 times, and then sprinkle it clean.
5. Approve the Holy Throne
Respect the Buddhas of the Ten Directions, and determine the size of the mandala. All the holy positions are marked with white sandalwood. After the perfume is sprinkled, it is painted with white sandalwood to make a round altar, and the agent is measured by twelve fingers, which is initially placed in the middle of the womb and the great day of the world, and then positioned in turn according to the classics.
6. 持诵真言
The second has all the laws, so that you can observe the mandala position strictly, and ask for a week to prepare for the knot, and recite the immovable king or descend to the third world, corresponding to the secret seal, and bless this place one hundred and eight times. With the great day of the Buddha's body, he recites the mantra and makes the samaya seal.
7. Samaya vows
The bath is clean, wearing new clean clothes and holding offerings, saying that the white sandalwood mandala place, such as the second law has cultivation offerings, and the white sandalwood is the same as the people, and the secret seal corresponds to the mantra. Recite the mantra once by pressing the mandala in the middle of the womb, if it is recited and pressed even seven times, the rest is also the same. The third return to repentance has been completed, the body and mind are as pure as a pearl, and the heart is bitter. With incense flowers, etc., the heart is offered to the deities, and the three generations are free from the wisdom of the three generations.
8. Exercise your mind
To bless oneself with Vajrasattva, to contemplate oneself as holding Vajrasattva, and to use this secret blessing as a result, all things are incapable of stopping those who are bad. The second time is as good as the previous heart, for the great day such as to come to the ceremony, and then hold the recitation of the three mantras to bless the pure bottle, blessings, should be placed in the white sandalwood to sprinkle it, so that the obstacle is removed. And in other utensils to mix perfume, with tulip dipterocarp sandalwood and other wonderful fragrances, but also with the blessing of the truth, the name of King Kong water, that is, drink a little.
9. Diagram of the second order
In the day and day division, that is, when the boundary is planned, the white sandalwood and so on, the shape and position of the deity are subdivided. On the eve of the solstice, prepare incense, flowers, lamps and candles, etc., all of which are suitable for vegetarian work. The triple realm of the middle and Tibetan places is marked by pre-birth, so that the square corner is equal, and the map is fixed, so that the position of the great sun should be the heart of the five treasures. Sincerity to carry all the holy Venerables, said to be the picture of the first dwelling in the yoga to observe this mandala assembly, one by one, the appearance of the majestic class of seats, all the seals are all known, and then with the heart and color of the painting, and even the small and large sparse places are also made to stop commensurate, such as the creation of the people are evenly reconciled.
If the second picture is drawn, and the edge of the surrounding area, the mandala of the Tibetan realm is painted with peony grass, and the mandala of the vajra realm is painted with treasure grass. The peony is gorgeous and rich, corresponding to the mandala of the Tibetan realm, showing the righteousness of good fortune and perfection, and the Baosheng grass spreads longevity, corresponding to the mandala of the vajra realm, showing the righteousness of the incorruptibility of the vajra.
(6) Draw the relevant laws of the Tangmi mandala
It is said that the Thangka mandala is drawn according to the "Statue Measurement Sutra", the law is strict, and there is no one who is out of the right, but in fact it is not! Tang Mi also has the law of drawing mandalas and sparse measurements, although the "Statue Measurement Sutra" came out late, but Tang Mi mandalas have also drawn a large number of accurate and exquisite works according to the measurement rules contained in the sutras. Related to the drawing of the Tang Mi mandala Sutra sparse measurement law, try to give two examples:
"The Great Nikkei Shu" cloud: "All drawing methods, first establish the inner secret lotus hidden secret, the second to create the first Yizi three points of the inner dependents, the second to create the second to the four Bodhisattvas and other great dependents, and the third to all the worldly dependents. And the way of the worlds, the central and the first should have five colors, the first is white as the perimeter, then the outer cloth is red, the second outer cloth is yellow, the second outer cloth is cyan, and the outermost cloth is black. The second layer is also the same as the last cloth white, red and yellow. The third perimeter, but the cloth is pure white and one color, all of which are extremely upright, and gradually rotate to the right, and the outer edge of its path and offering place is made as a pure color boundary. Qu Liyun, but also with white. Therefore, if the first white is from the middle to the outside, the five root forces of this bodhichitta are gradually increasing, and even dwelling in the great nirvana, then it is everywhere, so the black is the most outward, and if it returns to its roots from shallow to deep, then the world-honored one will develop pure bodhichitta for the dependents of the first gate with the six pleasures, and if all sentient beings enter this clear door with more than one hundred and sixty minds, they have already passed out of the bodhisattva position in the world, so the third mandala is only bounded by white. The second mandala, above the white is more red and yellow, the red is the diligent and brave bodhicitta heart to study ten thousand lines, the yellow is such as the coming of the mind of the ten thousand virtues to open the application, then into the heavy Xuanmen dwelling in the lonely land, and even near the residence of the supplement still do not know a person, so in the second heavy, but with the three colors as the boundary. The first mandala, above the three colors more cyan black, green is the great empty samadhi, the so-called such as the body and mouth are endlessly blessed, so as a great void color, black is such as the longevity of the permanent body, such as the wonderful body after all, there is no image, pretending to be a deep dark color, these two sentences are such as the secret collection, not universal for all sentient beings, so the name of the dependents also. Those who enter this deep and dark color are like self-proof in the fetal flower collection, and then see the five wisdom colors, all of which are the same Dharma realm color, how can there be a difference between shallow and deep, and all sentient beings, there are those who gradually enter, those who are exalted, and those who are paused, but after all, their interests are the same, so all the clouds are deep and mysterious."
"Writing a Career Empowerment with Full Branch" cloud: "It is the square cross road, the right rotation is relative to the pattern, and the second time when entering the middle is the first to determine the outside of the middle tire, just like the front rotation of the pattern to make the quadripartite phase, its octagonal phase has been set and will not be repeated." The second set of the first weight of the outside world, is also the same as the law of the middle tire, its wide and narrow amount should be spread and half, if the middle tire is eight feet wide, the first weight should be four feet wide, the second weight should be two feet wide, and the third weight should be one foot wide. "Those who have four doors are said to have four doors in the courtyard, so that the middle is equal. All the doors are opened according to the width of the other side of the narrow standard is nine points, take one into the door, and the remaining eight points on the left and right of the door to get four points, the door is slightly wider, from the rest of the doors with white painting closed". "The mandala door is erected as a sign of the door, and the two standards are measured at a distance from each other, so that they are equal to the middle tire. The upper horizontal encompasses its breadth is also the same, the pole is placed on the glaive, the moon is placed under the flag statue, take the silk order square, the corner can be broken to be two flags, each attached to the pole outside, sharp and drooping also. The four-dimensional world is also placed in the pole glaive, and its banner is placed in two directions, and the wishful treasure is placed on the glaive moon of the great diligence and Yongmen, and the golden moon of the vajrapani door is placed on the bazhenluo, and the lotus hand door is placed on the glaive, and the treasure is placed on the four-dimensional gate. The clamp door guard is like a zigzag, and in the middle of the passage, every in the curve is placed in the vajra pout, the pouting head is like a pull fold Luo, its lower sharp, a box six pouting on both sides of the total twelve pouting, four doors and four corners, a total of fifty-two, triple example. ”
The rules of measurement related to the Tang Mi mandala are detailed in the Tantric Texts, and the list goes on. Others, such as the size of the deity, the color of the skin, the mudras, the Dharma instruments, etc., are also stipulated in a large number of detailed rules in the Sutras, and they are not listed.
From the above quotation, it can be seen that the measurement method of drawing a tangmi mandala is not inferior to that of a thangka mandala, so there is no need to feel defiled and learn to be a toddler, so as to lose yourself.
V. Conclusion
Tang Mi mandala painting, originated in India, created in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in Dongying, huge system, a wide range of categories, for the Han Buddhist painting art of the first good town, non-other sect painting can be compared. The secret Tang Esoteric Religion of the Truth Secret Collection of Scriptures has a flourishing branch and foliage in the form of Tang Mi mandala pictures, and it is a great sect. Therefore, it is the duty of my Tang Mi students and Tang Mi painting colleagues to look back at the introspect, concentrate on the work, deeply study the mysteries of the Tang Mi, excavate, sort out, reproduce and revive the mandala paintings of the Tang Mi! If we can spread the Esoteric Buddhism of the Tang Dynasty in the form of pictures, it will be even more of a heart's bottom of our heart's desire to fulfill the manifestation of the Huigoa Jali!
——The secret scriptures of the truth are sparse and secretive, and the pictures must be passed on from one to the other!