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"Longmen Twenty Products" is a selection of twenty square statue inscriptions from the statue inscriptions of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang City, Henan Province, and is a representative of Wei tablet calligraphy. There are 19 products in Guyang Cave, and only one product is in Cave 660 (Cixiang Cave) located outside the Old Dragon Cave. These statues often involve the historical facts of the year, and have high historical value and calligraphy art research value. Among them, the one that can be called a great trace is the "Four Products of Longmen", that is, "The Statue of Shiping Gong", "The Statue of Wei Lingzang and Xue Fashao", "The Statue of Sun Qiusheng", and "The Statue of Yang Dayan".
Exterior view of Guyang Cave
Interior view of Guyang Cave
Changle King Qiu Mu Lingliang lady Wei Chi for the dead cow to make a statue
"The Statue of the Ox Tree", the full name is "The Statue of Maitreya of the Ox Statue of the Ox in November of the 19th Year of Taihe", the inscription is dignified and clean, one of the 20 products of Longmen. It was made by the wife of Changle King Qiu Mu Lingliang Wei Chi (later changed to the surname "Wei") for the deceased son Niu Ling, and it was called the Niu Qi Niche in the past. The statue stele is carved in the middle of a lotus flower, and the left and right two wrestlers raise their hands to make a lifting form, and the image is vivid and realistic.
Bu Yilang Zhang Yuanzu's wife Yifu made a statue of her deceased husband
"Yifu is the statue of Zhang Yuanzu", also known as "Yifu statue inscription". Text, 10 lines, 3 words per line. The statue shrine is located on the north wall of Guyang Cave, which is one of the 20 statue shrines of Longmen, and the adjacent Bhikshu Huigan statue shrine below, which is one of the two smallest statue niches in the 20 products of Longmen. The niche is 36 cm high, 19 cm wide and 30 cm deep. This rubbing is now in the collection of Luoyang Monument Rubbing Museum.
Bhikshu Hui became the statue of his deceased father, Shiping Gong
"Shiping Gong Statue Record", the full name is "Bhikshu Hui became the deceased father Luozhou Thorn Shi Shiping Gong Statue Inscription", written by Meng Da, Zhu Yizhang Kaishu, carved stone is located in the southern suburbs of Luoyang City, Longmen Grottoes Guyang Cave north wall. As a model of Wei tablet calligraphy art was included in the "Longmen Twenty Products", it reversed the weak style of calligraphy in the Southern Dynasties, created a typical example of the square pen of the North Tablet, and passed on to future generations with masculine beauty.
Beihai Wang Yuan detailed statue record
Longmen Twenty Products of "Beihai Wang Yuan Detail Statue Record", the full name is "Beihai King Yuan Detail for the Mother and Son to Make Maitreya Statue Record". The statue is 88 centimeters high and 42 centimeters wide, and it is a historical record that Yuan Shen moved the capital to Luoyang with the Southern Expedition of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The statue niche is located on the north wall of the Guyang Cave of Luoyang Longmen Grottoes, above the statue niche of the wife of Changle King Qiu Mu Lingliang. The niche is 138 centimeters high, 102 centimeters wide and 17 centimeters deep, and is a medium-sized cave in Guyang Cave. The main Buddha in the shrine is Maitreya with crossed feet. The bodhisattvas on both sides stand with their hands folded. The frieze of the round arch niche is engraved for fifteen days, and people hold flower ropes.
Sima Xie Boda's statue
The full name is "Sima Xie Boda's Statue Record". Northern Wei Dynasty Taihe intermittent carving, the main book. On the north wall of Guyang Cave. The main book, 14 lines, of which 6, 7, 8 lines, a line of 3 characters, the rest of the line is 5 words. 64 words can be seen. One of the 20 famous products of Longmen. This record has the atmosphere of the times with strong pen power and strong momentum, and it also exerts its self-creation consciousness and wisdom without formality, showing rich aesthetic taste and creative talent.
The concubine of the Beihai Kingdom made a statue of the deceased grandson
Abbreviated as "Sun Bao Statue Record". It was engraved in Taihe, Jingming period. At the top of Guyang Cave. Text, 5 lines, ranging from 6 to 12 words per line. The statue shrine is located on the north side of the cave roof, and the Maitreya statue shrine made by the grandmother of the king of Guangchuan for her deceased husband (about 60 cm in the vicinity) and the statue shrine of Maitreya made by the grandmother of the king of Guangchuan for the young grandson are arranged on the top of the cave in a triangular shape. The shrine is 110 centimeters high, 80 centimeters wide and 14 centimeters deep. Round coupon shaped niche lintel, the main deity in the shrine is the Maitreya Bodhisattva, sitting on the double lion seat, the two Bodhisattvas put their hands together on the chest and stand on both sides. The statue is 40 centimeters high and 26 centimeters wide. It is recorded that Concubine Gao "lost her hometown and sowed Yue" for Yuanbao, and after years of illness, she inevitably died and suffered, so she made a statue of Maitreya and prayed that the deceased beloved grandson could "get rid of a hundred sufferings forever".
Yunyang Bo Zheng Changyou made a statue of his deceased father
Abbreviated as "Zheng Changyou Statue", the main book, you can see eighty-four characters, the calligraphy is strong and simple, the knot is neat, and the subordination is heavier. Jingming II (501) September carving. The south wall of Guyang Cave. Text, 8 lines, 12 words per line. There is a copy of the book, and the upper left point of the 7th line of the word "respect" is missing. The statue niche is located on the south side above the entrance of Guyang Cave, a total of six niches, all of which are shallow niches in the shape of round coupons. It is divided into three rows, upper, middle and lower, with two niches in each row, and their sizes are different. The frieze arch is engraved with a grape pattern of curly grass, and the main is Maitreya (has been broken). The left and right two wedges serve the Bodhisattva. It was completed on September 3 of the second year of Jingming (501 AD). The statue is located on the right side of the Buddha shrine, 50 centimeters high, 35 centimeters wide, Zheng Chang is the deceased father in the second year of Jingming, the mother Huangfu, the deceased son Shilong and his concubine Chen Yunu are the deceased mother Xu, each makes the statue of Maitreya. The calligraphy of the inscription has the important significance of inheriting the Han Dynasty and opening the Tang Kai below.
Xincheng County Gongcao, Sun Qiusheng, Liu Qizu 200 people and other statues
Abbreviated as "Sun Qiusheng's Statue". May of the third year of Jingyang (502). On the south wall of Guyang Cave. (Huang Yi Tuode) main book, 13 lines, the upper column is a note, a line of 9 characters; The following title is 30 words in line. The three characters of 'Yizi like' are written in the book. The two sides of the forehead keep the name: the second row on the right, the third row on the right. Qianlong rubbing, the third line of the "Liu Qizu" calligraphy and painting of "Liu" is intact. On the south wall of Guyang Cave in Luoyang Longmen Grottoes. Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Yuan Keke) Jingming three years (502) May 27th. This inscription is sharp and vigorous, broad and simple, more changeable than the penmanship of "Shi Ping Gong Statue", one of the representative works of Longmen inscription calligraphy art. Meng Guangdawen, Xiao Xianqing. Fifteen lines in regular script, thirty-nine characters. The font is strong and calm. The penmanship is concise and free. Qingkang Youwei's "Guangyi Boat Shuangji": "After Taihe, all the corners of the family came out, and Zhuang Mao had "Sun Qiusheng", "Among the twenty products of Longmen, there are also several bodies, and "Sun Qiusheng" is heavy and heavy. "
The statue of the lord Gao Shu and Vena Xie Bo Du and so on
Abbreviated as "The Tall Tree Statue", the main book is ten lines, and one line is 14 characters. It can be seen that there are 139 characters, and the calligraphy is neat and vigorous. May of the third year of Jingming (502). On the north wall of Guyang Cave. The statue niche is located on the right side of the north wall of Guyang Cave, and is adjacent to the statue of the deceased husband of Bu Lang's wife. The shrine is 94 centimeters high, 78 centimeters wide, 13 centimeters deep, the main Buddha sits on its knots, and there are two attendants on both sides of the main Buddha, all of which are backlit. This shrine was completed on May 30, the third year of Jingming. The statue is located at the bottom left of the statue niche, 40 centimeters high and 28 centimeters wide. It records the statues of 32 people, including Gao Shu and Xie Bodu, who are the lords of the city, and wish the deceased parents and their relatives in the afterlife. The statue was completed in the same month and year of the 200 man-made stone statues of Sun Qiusheng, and the vows were roughly the same.
Bhikkhu Huiganma made a statue of his deceased parents
Abbreviated as "Huigan Statue Record", the main book, 14 lines, a line of 5 characters. It can be seen that sixty-six characters, the calligraphy is heavy and heavy, and there is still subordination. May of the third year of Jingming (502). The north wall of Guyang Cave. There is a copy of the copy, and the word 'Gu' in the 12th line is missing a little on the upper left; The last line of the word 'like' is missing two strokes.
The grandmother of the king of Guangchuan, the concubine Hou, made a statue of her deceased husband, the king of Guangchuan, Helan Khan
Abbreviated as "Helan Khan Statue Record" is one of the Longmen statue masterpieces. The main book, the original total of 16 crosses, the first 20 lines of this post are selected and clear, 132 words, the calligraphy is neat and timeless. Engraved in August of the third year of Jingming (502). At the top of Guyang Cave. Text, 5 lines, 10 words per line.
Ma Zhenbai, the lord of the city, and Wei Na Zhang Zicheng made a statue of the emperor
Abbreviated as "Ma Zhenbai Statue Record", the main book, even the book "Yizi Statue" can be seen one hundred and twenty-eight sons, calligraphy has a unique flavor. Engraved in August of the fourth year of Jingming (503). At the top of Guyang Cave. Text, 9 lines, 15 words per line. The three characters of 'Yizi like' are written in the book. There is no such inscription in the original selection of the "Longmen Twenty Products", Kang Youwei questioned it, and Fang Yan's "School Tablet Essay" was deleted with "Excellent Filling Soil" as the Tang carving.
The grandmother of the king of Guangchuan, the concubine, made a statue for her young grandson
Longmen Twenty Products of the "Statue of the Concubine Hou", the full name is "The Inscription of the Statue of the Grandmother of the King of Guangchuan". Engraved in July of the fourth year of Jingming (503). In the second year of the statue of her deceased husband, the Guangchuan king's grandmother, the concubine Hou Shi, the third generation of Guangchuan Wang Lingzun, built a statue of Maitreya for her young grandson, the third generation of Guangchuan Wang, and poured out her "ice thin heart" of "orphaning her young grandson to Shaofan country". This stele is also on the top of Guyang Cave, about 1 meter away from the stele made by the deceased husband, the stele is rectangular, horizontal and horizontal. The main book, 29 lines, the first 22 lines are 6 characters in a line, and the last 7 lines, a line of 4 characters, the characters are smaller.
Bhikshu Dharma was born as Emperor Xiaowen and the mother and son of the King of Beihai
Abbreviated as "Fa Sheng Statue", the main book, one hundred and forty-two characters can be seen, the calligraphy is mellow and harmonious with the pen, the knot is gorgeous and beautiful, there is the fan of Zhong Xuan, which is rare for the same kind of North Monument. December of the fourth year of Jingming (503). The south wall of Guyang Cave. The main book has 11 lines, and a line of 13 characters.
Yang Dayan, an auxiliary general, made a statue of Emperor Xiaowen
"Yang Dayan Statue Record", carved stone in regular script. The full name is "Yang Dayan Statue Inscription for Emperor Xiaowen", and there is no stone carving. But this statue is called the Xiaowen Emperor Yuan Pet chiseled, Emperor Kaowen collapsed in the twenty-third year of Taihe (499), the statue should be after it. There are clouds when it is between the first year of Jingming (500) and the first three years (506). Regular script, in the north wall of Guyang Cave, Longmen Mountain, Luoyang, Henan. It is one of the famous products of the Dragon Gate statue. Luoyang Longmen Grottoes is one of the famous Buddhist art treasure houses in China, through the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty in more than 150 years, a total of more than 100,000 statues have been carved and chiseled, more than 3,600 inscriptions, the inscriptions belong to the Northern Wei Dynasty or later periods, occupy a considerable number. Its font is generally known as [Wei tablet style]. These inscriptions were not particularly noticed by people in the early days, after the Qing Dynasty Qian, Jia, the rise of gold and stone and stele, many gold and stone families have gone to the famous mountain to visit the stele to seek extension, the statue of Longmen is the famous calligraphy seal carver Huang Yi (Xiao Song) of the Qing Dynasty after visiting the extension, began to appear in the world. Luo Zhenyu's "Stone Jiaolu" cloud: [Huang originally only extended the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Shiping Gong Statue Record" one product, and later added "Sun Gengsheng", "Yang Dayan", and "Wei Lingzang" as four products. Later, it was increased to ten, and then to twenty. The twenty products of Longmen are regarded as the representative works of Longmen statues by later generations. However, among them, Huang Yi's selection of "Shi Ping Gong" and other four products are the most famous. The style of "The Statue of Yang Dayan" is very similar to that of "Shi Ping Gong", with a square brush, and the knot is constricted and outward, but the degree of tightness is slightly lighter than that of "Shi Ping Gong", which may also be the reason for the difference between yang engraving and yin engraving. Kang Youwei commented on this "Record" cloud: [If the young man is a general, he is strong and strong], [for the great sect of Junjian and Fengwei].
Anding Wang Yuanxie, he made a statue of the deceased ancestor and the deceased
Abbreviated as the main book of "Yuan Xie's Statue", you can see ninety-five characters, and there are two shallow carved Buddha statues. The calligraphy is beautiful and the knot is elegant. Engraved in February of the first year (507). The south wall of Guyang Cave. Text, 13 lines. 9 words in a line.
The statue of Wang Yuanyou of Qi County
Abbreviated as "Yuan Right Statue Record". Engraved in July of the second year of Heepyeong (517). The south wall of Guyang Cave. The main book, 14 lines and 16 words. The last is 2 lines and 9 characters for the year. The carved stone on the south wall of Guyang Cave is intact, while the north wall is more damaged.
Bhikshuni Cixiang and Huizheng statues
"Cixiang Statue Record", the full name is "Bhikshuni Cixiang Huizheng Cave Inscription". This is the only one in the "Longmen Twenty Grades" outside the Guyang Cave, it is located in the north of the old dragon nest Cixiang kiln Buddha lower south, the statue age is also the latest of the twenty products, when the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaoming Emperor Turtle three years (AD 520). Statue record, main book, 10 lines, 10 or 11 characters per line. The inscription describes the state of mind of Cixiang Huizheng as a nun, hoping to "vacate the unhindered realm", and even "extend to the three subordinates" to take care of all the women in the world.
Bhikshu Taoist craftsmen make statues of the parents of the monks and monks
Abbreviated as "Taoist Statue". No year. The main book, 13 lines, 7 characters in a line. It can be seen that ninety-one characters, calligraphy square Jun regular. "The Statue of the Taoist Craftsman" has no statue date, according to its style and location, it should be in the late years of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the early years of Emperor Xuanwu Jingming. The main book, 13 lines, a line of 7 characters, can be seen 91 words, calligraphy square Jun regular. The statue niche is located on the north wall of Guyang Cave, above the 32 man-made statue shrines of the tall tree Xie Bodu, and there are five niches in total of different sizes.
Luhun County Gong Cao Wei Lingzang Xue Fashao statue record
"Luhun County Gongcao Wei Lingzang Xue Fashao Statue Record" and "Wei Lingzang Statue Record" full name "Wei Lingzang Xue Fashao Statue Record", the inscription is ten lines in regular script, and the line is twenty-three characters. There is an amount, three lines and nine characters in regular script, the vertical title "Shakya Statue" in the middle of the forehead, the word is slightly larger than the two sides, the left title of the forehead is "Xue Fashao", and the right title is "Wei Lingzang". The statues of the Northern Wei Dynasty are accustomed to using other characters, and this inscription is particularly numerous. Although there is no clear record of the time of carving, the calligraphy style is similar to the "Yang Dayan Inscription" in the same cave, or it is suspected that it is from the hand of one person, which is undoubtedly the stone carved in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The original stone is 75 centimeters high, 40 centimeters wide, 15 centimeters high, 15.5 centimeters wide, it is the fine product of inscription and calligraphy art in the inscription of Longmen statue, and it is also an important part of the four products of Longmen, and the north wall of Guyang Cave of Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang is now existing. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the famous scholar Huang Yi of Qiantang visited and published it in the world.
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