Sharing of annual cultivation techniques of new varieties of jade cabbage
Hara let flowers, etc
Chinese cabbage is native to the mainland and has been cultivated for 2 500 years. Its abundance directly affects the market price of vegetables, and it is full of weight in the mainland's "vegetable basket", which can be called the ballast stone of vegetable production and supply.
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the living standards of the people in the mainland, the consumption demand for Chinese cabbage has become increasingly rich, and the demand for Chinese cabbage has gradually changed from the original large tree type to the small tree type, baby cabbage, colored Chinese cabbage, and seedling Chinese cabbage. Xinke Cuiyu is a hybrid of Chinese cabbage cultivated by Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which is small and long cylindrical, of good quality, resistant to disease, stress and dry heartburn, and very much meets the market demand, and was registered as a new variety of non-major crops in 2018, with the registration number of GPD Chinese cabbage (2018) 410138.
1. Characteristics of the variety
The growth period of this variety is 50~60 days, small hemp leaves, bulbous flower center, dark green outer leaves, yellow heart leaves. Good quality, disease resistance, dry heartburn resistance, can be used for baby cabbage cultivation, can also be used as small tube vegetable cultivation, single ball net weight 0.8~1.5 kg. It is resistant to sprouting, has a long sowing period and a long harvest period, and is suitable for planting in spring and autumn in Henan and places where Chinese cabbage with green hemp leaves is liked.
2nd Anniversary Cultivation Technique
2.1 Early autumn
(1) Sowing time August 1~10, generally harvest in mid to late September.
(2) Soil preparation and fertilization After the harvest of the previous crops, according to the fertility of the plot, 3 000~5 000 kg of fully decomposed high-quality manure or 500~1 000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 30~50 kg of compound fertilizer and 30~50 kg of superphosphate were applied every 667 m 2 of the field. Deep turning, leveling, raking evenly.
(3) Seedling planting in early autumn, due to high temperature and humidity outside, waterlogging is frequent, and pests and diseases are serious, so it is recommended to transplant seedlings. When raising seedlings, 72 or 105 hole trays can be used, 1~2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the amount of seeds per 667 m 2 is about 40 g. After the emergence and time of seedlings, the seedling age is 20~25 days. During the seedling period, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of cabbage insects and diamondback moths.
(4) Planting ridges or terraces, with a ridge height of about 20 cm, so that drought can be watered and waterlogging can be drained. The planting row spacing is (40~50) cm× (35~30) cm. The planting depth should be equal to the mound, neither too deep nor too shallow, otherwise the survival rate will be affected.
(5) Watering Water frequently throughout the growing season to keep the soil dry and wet. Drain and desilt in time after rain, drain the stagnant water in the field as soon as possible to prevent rooting, and use well water to "waterlog" the garden once if necessary.
(6) Fertilization Due to the short growth period in early autumn, urea was applied 5~7 kg and 10~15 kg per 667 m 2 in combination with watering, respectively. After rain, foliar fertilizer should be supplemented in time, and a mixture of 0.2%~0.3% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to make the plants quickly recover their vitality.
(7) Pest control In early autumn, the occurrence of new jade pests and diseases is more serious, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphids, cabbage worms, diamondback moths, vegetable borers, virus diseases, downy mildew, soft rot, etc. Prevention is the mainstay, and at the same time, timely prevention and control in combination with weather conditions, and the effect of spraying after rain is better.
(8) Harvesting When the leaf ball eight is mature, it can be harvested one after another, and it can be marketed in phases and batches to prevent overripeness from affecting the quality and quality of the goods.
2.2 Autumn
(1) Sowing date: Sowing from August 15 to September 10, harvesting after mid-October.
(2) Sowing or seedling transplanting can be, generally about 150 g of seed seeding and seedling raising about 40 g per 667 m 2. It is generally better to have high ridges or high furrows for live broadcasting, in case of waterlogging in the early stage. When sowing, it is best to use braided rope or direct seeding machine for sowing, which saves time and labor. The sowing depth is generally about 0.8 cm. Immediately after sowing, water thoroughly, so that the ridges do not overflow. Pay attention to the control of underground pests after sowing.
(3) Seedlings and seedlings When the seedlings grow to 2~3 true leaves, the first seedling is carried out; When 5~6 true leaves are set. Select and retain large seedlings and strong seedlings to ensure the healthy growth of Chinese cabbage.
(4) Cultivating and weeding Chinese cabbage planting in autumn is very prone to grass damage at the seedling stage, and timely cultivation and weeding are carried out after the emergence of seedlings.
(5) Fertilizer and water management: At the seedling stage, small water should be watered frequently, and the rosette stage should be dry and wet, and at the balling stage, it should be kept wet but not dry. At the seedling stage, small water is watered frequently, and it is usually required to "three water seedlings and five water to set the tree", and water once in 3~5 days before the seedlings are set. After that, it is generally watered once or so every 7 days or so until 7 days before harvest.
The amount of base fertilizer used is the same as above. After setting seedlings, about 10 leaves and at the early stage of balling, combined with watering, 10~15 kg of urea per 667 m 2, after the Chinese cabbage began to set pills, foliar spraying with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was used to improve quality and yield.
(6) Harvesting When the leaf ball nine is ripe, it is harvested one after another to prevent overripeness and affect the quality. When the temperature drops below 3 °C, Chinese cabbage is prone to frost damage, such as frost in advance, unripe Chinese cabbage must be taken to prevent cold.
2.3 Spring
(1) Sowing date selection Spring planting of Chinese cabbage, sowing too early is easy to sprout and flower, too late sowing, serious occurrence of pests and diseases, poor heart, affecting quality and yield. Therefore, it is particularly important to choose the appropriate sowing date and cultivation mode. Spring planting of Xinke jade: February 10~25, seedling + small arch planting; From February 25th to March 10th, seedlings + film planting; From March 10th to April 1st, seedling + film (open field) planting, film live broadcasting; April 1~5, seedling + open field planting, open field live broadcast.
(2) Temperature management Chinese cabbage is a seed vernalization plant, and the germinated seeds are induced at a low temperature of 1~12 °C for 10~30 days, and can sprout and bloom under high temperature and long sunshine conditions. Therefore, temperature management is very important.
The temperature during the seedling period is kept above 13°C at night and 25~28°C during the day. After emergence, the temperature is kept at 11~13°C at night and 22~25°C during the day. About 7 days before planting, seedlings are refined.
The field temperature is kept above 12°C at night, 22~25°C during the daytime at seedling stage, and 12~22°C during the pilling stage. The wind will be amplified after March 25 for cultivated in the protected area, and the shed will be dismantled around April 10.
(3) Watering Spring-sown Chinese cabbage has low temperature and small growth in the early stage of growth, and the watering interval can be appropriately extended. After starting to wrap the ball, water is generally poured once every 5~7 days to see dry and wet. In order to avoid the spread of soft rot, pay attention to control the amount of watering, and avoid flood irrigation. 7~10 days before harvest, stop watering.
(4) Top dressing management is mainly promoted. At the beginning of balling, urea 20 kg/667 m 2 and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were sprayed with water for 2~3 times. The amount of base fertilizer used is the same as above.
(5) Pest control Xinke jade has strong disease resistance, and the disease occurs lightly, so pay attention to the prevention of soft rot in the later stage. Pest pests should be prevented from aphids and cabbage worms. The prevention and control process is based on prevention, supplemented by treatment, so that disease prevention does not see disease, and insect treatment does not see insects.
(6) Harvesting Spring Chinese cabbage is overripe and easy to affect the quality of the commodity, generally when the leaf ball eight are ripe, they can be harvested one after another, and they will be marketed in batches.
Funds: Henan Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System( HARS-22-07-G3 )