I'm Tang Tang, a history buff. Welcome everyone to [follow] me, talk about the past and the present, and discuss the general trend of the world. Gentleman I, just to learn and make friends!
On 18 December 1993, the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) and the Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF) held their third routine talks in Taipei. This is the first time that a mainland negotiator has set foot in Taiwan since the two sides of the strait have been isolated for more than 40 years, and in addition to members of the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait, five people with official status attended the meeting.
The content of the Taipei talks is still three transactional issues, with the focus on the "repatriation of hijackers."
1. Nine hijacking incidents of mainland civil airliners
Why do you want to negotiate with Taiwan's Strait Exchange Foundation on the "repatriation of hijackers"?
Because, as of the eve of this transactional negotiation, there have been a total of nine incidents in which mainland civil airliners were hijacked to Taiwan:
On April 6, 1993, the B-2811 Boeing 757 passenger plane of China Southern Airlines was hijacked to Taiwan by gangsters Huang Shugang and Liu Baocai at gunpoint on the way from Shenzhen to Beijing;
On June 24, Xiamen Airlines B-2501 Boeing 737 passenger plane was hijacked by Zhang Wenlong with a dagger on the way from Jiangsu to Xiamen;
On August 10, Air China Flight B-2544, on the way from Beijing to Jakarta, was hijacked by Shi Yuepo with shampoo and fake sulfuric acid to Taiwan;
On September 30, Sichuan Airlines Passenger Plane 2625 was hijacked to Taiwan by Yang Mingde and Han Fengying with daggers on the way from Jinan to Guangzhou;
On November 5, Xiamen Airlines 2592 passenger plane was hijacked by Zhang Hai with a dagger on the way from Guangzhou to Fuzhou;
On November 8, Zhejiang Airlines' 335 twin-propeller passenger plane was hijacked by Wang Zhihua to Taiwan on the way from Hangzhou to Fuzhou;
On November 12, the 2138 passenger plane of Northern Airlines was hijacked by Li Xiangyu and Han Shuxue to Taiwan on the way from Changchun to Fuzhou;
On December 8, the 2138 passenger plane of China Northern Airlines was hijacked by Gao Jun to Taiwan on the way from Qingdao to Fuzhou;
On December 12, Xiamen Airlines 2516 plane was hijacked by Qi Daquan and headed for Taiwan on the way from Harbin to Xiamen.
As we all know, hijacking of civil airliners is a crime that seriously endangers the personal safety of passengers, and there is no shortage of air crashes caused by hijacking in the history of international aviation, so the crime of hijacking has been universally condemned by the international community.
Since the 60s, the international community has successively formulated the Tokyo Convention, the Hague Convention, and the Montreal Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, and has imposed severe penalties on the crime of hijacking.
So, what drove these gangsters to ignore the law and happily hijack planes to Taiwan? The reason is very simple: The Taiwan authorities have always looked at the mainland hijackers differently and treated them favorably.
2. Why are hijackings frequent?
After the Kuomintang fled to Taiwan, out of political needs, it formulated and implemented the "Regulations on the Preferential Treatment of Chinese Officers and Soldiers Returning from the Uprising" in 1958, and awarded the officers and men of the People's Liberation Army who defected to Taiwan by plane the title of "Righteous Men of the Counteroffensive" and awarded them a huge amount of gold.
Stimulated by this huge amount of money, from 1950 to 1989, a total of 15 pilots of the mainland's navy and air force defected to Taiwan in 12 planes.
On 1 May 1991, the Taiwan authorities announced that, in order to cooperate with the authorities' mainland policy of terminating the "period of mobilization and rebellion" and reunifying the country by peaceful means, they would cease to implement the "Regulations on Preferential Treatment for Officers and Men of the Chinese Communists Armed Forces Returning from Uprisings" from now on.
The preferential treatment regulations were lifted, and the "heroes of the uprising" no longer appeared. However, the Taiwan authorities, still considering political factors, have adopted a policy of sentencing the mainland hijackers for serious crimes and refusing to repatriate them.
There are two main reasons for this:
One is the claim to consider the motives of the hijackers.
Zhang Wenlong, who hijacked the Xiamen Airlines passenger plane on 24 June 1993, claimed to the Taiwan authorities that the motive for the hijacking was to "unify China under the Three People's Principles." This absurd and ridiculous reason is entirely for the sake of voting for the favor of the Taiwan authorities. A large number of facts have proven that these hijackers are all criminal offenders or suspected criminals on the mainland, and they obviously hijacked planes in order to evade legal punishment.
The second is "humanitarian" considerations.
As we all know, the illegal hijacking of a civil airliner by force or any other intimidation other than force has seriously endangered the safety of the lives and property of passengers and crew members, and is a serious criminal offense. The Taiwan authorities keep saying that they are "humane," so why is their humanity not for the broad masses of the people, but only for those lawbreakers who have committed crimes?
On 10 August 1993 and 16 October 1993, the spokesman of the Civil Aviation Administration of China issued statements pointing out that hijacking planes seriously endangered the safety of passengers on both sides of the strait and the normal transportation of civil aviation.
The spokesman said that on 25 July 1982, a plane of Xi'an and Shanghai Flight 2505 was hijacked by five gangsters from Sun Yunping, who detonated explosives in the air, injuring three passengers and four crew members and damaging the plane.
On May 5, 1983, a Shanghai flight 6501 plane in Shenyang was hijacked by Zhuo Changren and other six gangsters, the gangsters shot and injured two crew members, and when the fuel was about to run out, the plane rushed out of the runway when it was forced to land at the Chuncheon military airport in South Korea, which was below the take-off and landing standard, and the plane was damaged, with a direct economic loss of 2.69 million yuan, and the passengers were stranded in South Korea for 5 days.
On October 2, 1990, Xiamen Airlines Co., Ltd. Xiamen Guangzhou Flight 8301 was hijacked by gangsters Jiang Xiaofeng, the gangsters forced the crew to leave the cockpit, leaving only the captain to fly the plane, and the plane was not allowed to land in Hong Kong under the condition of insufficient fuel, when the captain of the fuel was exhausted when the captain made an emergency landing at Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, he violently inflicted violence on the captain, causing the plane to lose control, deviate from the runway, and collide with two passenger planes on the tarmac, resulting in 128 deaths and 53 injuries. Three planes were scrapped, including 30 Taiwan compatriots who died on a trip to the mainland to visit relatives, and 8 were injured.
The spokesman said: The most fundamental reason why mainland civilian airliners have been hijacked to Taiwan one after another recently is that the relevant Taiwan authorities have adhered to a stubborn stand and used all kinds of pretexts to give serious crimes and light sentences to the mainland hijackers and refuse to repatriate them.
This has greatly encouraged the risky behavior of the hijackers, and has also caused the conspirators to regard Taiwan as a "paradise" and "shelter."
It is hoped that the Taiwan authorities, proceeding from ensuring the safety of the lives and property of passengers and promoting normal cross-strait exchanges, will immediately repatriate all mainland hijackers in accordance with the provisions on the repatriation of suspected criminals or criminal offenders as stipulated in the "Kinmen Agreement" reached by the Red Cross organizations on both sides of the strait in September 1990;
3. The contest over whether to repatriate the hijackers
Public opinion and the people in Taiwan are also quite dissatisfied with the authorities' ineffective punishment of the hijackers.
The Liberty Times editorial:
"Hijacking for any reason is not permitted" and "the authorities should take a 'solemn opposition' against hijacking and severely punish the hijackers in order to clear the reputation of 'hijackers' paradise."
"Minsheng Bao" also reminded the authorities that "conniving at and treating the hijackers well will be a major obstacle to the establishment of mutual trust between the two sides of the strait, and will not be conducive to effective and positive exchanges between the two sides of the strait."
Even Taiwan's police and prosecutors, who are tired of running around and trying cases, have openly stated on many occasions that they should be repatriated to the mainland after the hijackers are tried.
A cultural worker in Taipei City wrote:
"Now everyone is angry and wants to throw the hijackers into the sea immediately. But did we ever think that this is the result of 40 years of encouragement by the mainlanders? Broadcasting, rewarding, and welcome, and then giving light sentences and leniency. ”
Under pressure from all sides, the Taiwan authorities concerned finally announced that they would repatriate the hijackers.
On the one hand, however, he said that the "Golden Gate Agreement" does not contain specific provisions on the repatriation of hijackers and does not apply to the repatriation of hijackers, and that the two associations should have a separate discussion on the repatriation of hijackers.
After the start of the talks between the two associations, the Taiwan authorities insisted on their exclusive "jurisdiction" in an attempt to achieve their political goal of highlighting the two sides of the strait as reciprocal entities in the routine talks between the two associations. The SEF has also proposed to discuss the "requirements" and "procedures" for returning hijackers.
As a result of Taiwan's stance and attitude, cross-strait talks on the repatriation of the hijackers have been unable to make progress for a long time.
The mainland side openly refuted Taiwan's interference in the talks and made clear its own position.
On November 19, 1993, the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) sent a letter to the SEF, clearly stating:
"With regard to the repatriation of criminal suspects or criminal offenders, the Golden Gate Agreement of September 1990 has clearly provided that in recent years the two sides have reciprocated a number of criminal suspects or criminal suspects to each other. Once again, we strongly demand that the relevant Taiwan side immediately repatriate the mainland hijackers in accordance with the provisions of the "Kinmen Agreement" and not selectively implement the "Kinmen Agreement." ”
The letter stated:
"If an inappropriate political issue is raised under the pretext of repatriating the hijackers, it can only delay the early resolution of the issue, and in fact continue to condone hijacking activities, thus threatening the safety of civil aviation and the safety of the lives and property of civil aviation passengers, including Taiwan compatriots. ”
On the same day, Tang Shubei, executive vice chairman of the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait, held a press conference in Beijing to demand that the Taiwan authorities return to the hijackers as soon as possible and remove obstacles to the talks between the two associations.
Tang Shubei said: Under the one-China principle, Taiwan is a part of China, and it is reasonable for Taiwan compatriots to administer Taiwan, but Taiwan's jurisdiction is local and a region of China, and this has been clearly written in the white paper "The Taiwan Question and China's Reunification."
But we are opposed to saying that this jurisdiction is equivalent to the mainland, or that it is the jurisdiction of an independent political entity. Therefore, if jurisdiction were to be discussed in the agreement, the two sides would have inconsistent references to the issue of jurisdiction. The solution to the problem is to avoid the issue of jurisdiction and to act in accordance with this principle and the Golden Gate Accord.
4. Consensus on the issue of the repatriation of hijackers
In order to break through the deadlock, ARATS has also made appropriate concessions.
The Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) told the SEF:
"In view of the fact that the relevant Taiwan side believes that the "Kinmen Agreement" does not make specific provisions on the repatriation of hijackers, at the end of August and the beginning of September, during the working talks between the two associations and the two associations, we proposed that we would like to discuss with you the specific arrangements for the return of hijackers in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Kinmen Agreement," but unfortunately we did not receive a positive reply from your association at that time."
Under these circumstances, the Taiwan side had no choice but to state that "there is no issue of jurisdiction in the routine negotiations between the two associations" and that Taiwan "does not want to negotiate and deal with jurisdiction among the various issues." Thus a number of obstacles have been removed from negotiations on the repatriation of hijackers.
After the issue of "jurisdiction" was resolved, the Taipei talks quickly reached an important consensus:
The two sides agreed that hijacking a civil airliner by violence, coercion or other means is a serious criminal offense and should be severely punished, and that the hijackers should be repatriated in principle.
On the basis of the above, the two sides have preliminarily drawn up the basic framework of the regulations on the repatriation of hijackers from both sides of the strait, including the scope of application, the principle of repatriation, compulsory measures, repatriation requirements, and the method of repatriation and handover.
The agreement applies to the crime of hijacking a civil aircraft of one side of the strait by violence, coercion, or other means and flying to the other side; in principle, Matsu and Mawei shall be the places of transfer by sea, and it may be agreed that Kinmen and Xiamen shall be the places of transfer according to actual needs, and so on.
Although the Taipei talks failed to reach an agreement as the outside world had hoped, mainland negotiator Sun Yafu and others set foot in Taiwan for the first time, and the two sides reached an important consensus on the issue of the repatriation of the hijackers, which was still affirmed by all sides.
5. Contradictions between the SEF and the MAC broke out
At the same time that the issue of the repatriation of the hijackers was resolved, contradictions between Qiu Jinyi, vice chairman and secretary general of the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF), who participated in the entire process of the Wang-Koo talks, and the "Mainland Affairs Council" also broke out in an all-round way.
After the "Wang-Koo talks" officially began, Qiu Jinyi and Tang Shubei continued to discuss economic issues. At this time, the attitude of the "Mainland Affairs Council" has changed again, holding that the signing of the Taiwan Investment Guarantee Agreement will cause Taiwan businessmen to rush to the mainland to invest and cause Taiwan capital to flow out, which will be unfavorable to Taiwan.
The SEF, however, believes that the Taiwan side can use this as a bargaining chip to exchange other issues with the ARATS. Due to the inability of the two associations to unify their views, the "Wang-Koo talks" were postponed by one day. Finally, 20 minutes before the conclusion of the cooperation with the Taiwan Strait (ARATS), Huang Kunhui personally called Qiu Jinyi out of the meeting hall and instructed Qiu Jinyi to give up the investment guarantee for Taiwan businessmen and the three conditions set by the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait.
The directives of the "Mainland Affairs Council" have gone back on their word, and the content of the authorized talks has been strictly limited to non-political topics, which has constrained Qiu Jin, who can neither exceed his authority nor assume the responsibility for sabotaging the talks.
On the other hand, the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) has adhered to principles and maintained flexibility, and it appears to be very flexible, and it has frequently launched propaganda offensives, and Qiu Jinyi's heart is even less pleasant.
While still in Singapore, Qiu Jinyi complained to reporters about "sitting in an ambulance".
He said: Although the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) has conducted political propaganda outside the venue, it has never touched on any political issues at the negotiating table.
When the two associations were negotiating the contents of the joint document, the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait hoped that the cross-strait economic exchange meeting would be held as soon as possible, and the SEF also promised to hold it at the end of the year. However, because county and mayoral elections will be held at the end of the year, a temporary notice was given to reschedule the meeting to the next year, and this is the time for the cross-strait economic exchange meeting proposed by the SEF in the second round of talks in Singapore.
Chiu Jin-yi said that he was originally a very carefree and pragmatic person, but the instructions of the "Mainland Affairs Council" really had no room for maneuver, which made him feel like he was "sitting in an ambulance." Some people in Taipei are only coping with cross-strait talks, and as time goes on, all of Taiwan's bargaining chips will be lost, and they will lose all their money.
Qiu Jinyi's helplessness, even the signing of the four agreements of the "Wang-Koo talks" is difficult to make a happy one.
After the "Wang-Koo talks" began, Koo Chen-fu also personally experienced the sense of restraint brought about by the "Mainland Affairs Council's" finger-pointing points, which made this party bigwig, who has the status of a member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, very unhappy.
On April 29, when the "Wang-Koo talks" were still in progress, Gu Zhenfu pointed to reporters and said that he was old, had been in office for so long, enjoyed power, and could give an account of his obligations, and that it was time to retire, and that there were more suitable and capable people than him.
Regarding the feelings of the two leaders of the SEF, Huang Kunhui responded with a sentence of "should not and is not necessary", which made the SEF even more aggrieved.
6. "Sea and Land War"
On 10 May, when Gu Zhenfu and Qiu Jinyi came to the "Legislative Yuan" to report on the process of the "Wang-Koo talks," they said at the same time that they would "quit."
Qiu Jinyi said that the pressure on this meeting was the greatest since he took office in politics, and he was really exhausted.
Gu Zhenfu even complained in detail about the pain of his whole body, he had undergone surgery, only one kidney, and also had surgery on his gallbladder, and whether such a person was suitable to continue to hold this negotiating position is really worth discussing.
One month later, the Kuomintang reported that Huang Kunhui would be the convener of the planning group of the Kuomintang Central Committee's "Mainland Work Guidance Group." Huang Kunhui was promoted, which made the SEF, which had a lot of opinions on him, even more dissatisfied.
Koo Chen-fu immediately expressed his opinion that the planning group must have the function of coordinating the work of various units on the mainland, and that it is not appropriate for the chairman of the "Mainland Affairs Council" to take up this post, and it is best for a detached person to take up this post.
Qiu Jinyi also publicly fired at Huang Kunhui. On 16 June, Qiu Jinyi went to the "Legislative Yuan" for questioning and expressed his dissatisfaction with the "Mainland Affairs Council."
Qiu Jinyi said: The main reason for the contradictions in the operation of the two associations is not a problem of the system at all, but a problem of mentality, and that the "MAC" always regards itself as Lao Tzu and wants to use the relationship between father and son to position the two associations and interfere in everything.
Li Qingping, deputy secretary general of the SEF, went to the mainland to exchange procedural views with the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) on follow-up consultations, and the "MAC" had to call and scold them; even the ties worn by SEF members attending banquets during the "Wang-Koo talks" had to be taken care of.
In this case, how should the secretary general of the SEF proceed and what do you want the SEF to do?
"Their anti-thief mentality, the mentality of always having to manage, no one can stand it. "The chairman of the MAC cannot be replaced, so I can only resign. ”
Chen Rongjie, former secretary-general of the SEF, also joined in due course to support Qiu Jinyi.
On 17 June, Chen Rongjie held a news conference overnight, crying out about his grievances and hatred with the "Mainland Affairs Council":
Just because he went to Xiamen and only verbally informed the "Mainland Affairs Council" that he made the other side unhappy, and when he was negotiating on the mainland, the "Mainland Affairs Council" released false information in the rear, which caused great harm to the dignity of the negotiators and the prestige he had cultivated with great difficulty; because he went to visit the "Hope Project" exhibition on holidays in his private capacity, he was also wantonly criticized by the "Mainland Affairs Council."
Therefore, he believes that Huang Kunhui should be allowed to leave his post without pay for half a year and become the secretary general of the SEF, so that he can directly face the negotiation opponent, understand what negotiation is, and experience the pressure on the front line of negotiation.
Chen Rongjie said that the "Mainland Affairs Council" should have the mood of "helping the SEF" and let it walk in small steps first, and only help it when it is about to fall, so that someone will throw his head for the "Mainland Affairs Council" instead of tying it to his home with iron chains.
Chen Changwen, the first secretary general of the Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF), also made it clear that the fundamental way to resolve the poor operation of the two associations is for the "Mainland Affairs Council" to find another person who "obeys orders" to serve as the leader of the Strait Exchange Foundation, otherwise the leader of the "Mainland Affairs Council" will be replaced or he will have to change his work style.
In the face of the open challenge of the SEF, the chairmen and vice chairmen of the "Mainland Affairs Council" could not sit still and decided to launch a counterattack in the form of a press conference in order to boost their internal morale.
However, no one wants to be the brave "cat with the bell".
Gao Konglian, the first vice chairman of the committee, took the lead in resigning on the grounds that the statement issued in the form of a press conference was too serious. Everyone recommended He Xichun, the secretary of the chairman's committee, to read it out on his behalf, but He said that he was the person brought by Huang Kunhui, and his appearance would make the outside world feel that he was speaking for Huang Kunhui, and he was unwilling to come forward.
In the end, everyone put the drudgery on Zhang Liangren, director of the Liaison Office of the "Mainland Affairs Council," because of their duties.
On the evening of 17 July, the location of the "Mainland Affairs Council" on Zhongxiao West Road in Taipei City was brightly lit, and Huang Kunhui was urging his subordinates to work overtime to write a statement against the SEF.
At 8 o'clock in the evening, Taipei's news media were notified and rushed to the "Mainland Affairs Council." I didn't know what major news would have to be released overnight, so the reporters hurried to it, and it turned out that the "Mainland Affairs Council" was about to issue a statement condemning the SEF.
The statement of the "Mainland Affairs Council" stabbed Qiu Jinyi in the back and brought the sea and land war to the climax. Qiu Jinyi decided to take a week off to go out for a walk and think about the question of where to stay.
(End of text)
If you have other topics or opinions about the field of history, you can [follow] me for a private chat, or you can leave a message in the comment area below and reply as soon as possible.