Three major academies in Zou Lu, Haihai
Text/Chen Jintu Wu Min
The hometown of Confucius is the state of Lu, and the hometown of Mencius is the state of Zou. Zhu Xi, a master of the Southern Song Dynasty who inherited the way of Confucius and Mencius and collected the five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty, served as the 'governor of the state' in Linzhang in 1189~1190; Wang Yangming, a master of psychology who innovated and replaced Confucianism and Taoism, and the military god of the Ming Dynasty, once led troops to southern Fujian to suppress bandits and quell the chaos, and advised Pinghe County... These historical facts are not enough to confirm why Zhangzhou is known as 'Seaside Zou Lu' or 'Kodi Article, Competing with the Kingdom', and also because Chen Xiang, the grandson of Chen Yuanguang, the grandson of the Holy King of the Tang Dynasty, founded the world's first Songzhou Academy in China, and Zhu Xi borrowed the people's power to 'fly the tile' In the dolomites to establish the Ziyang Academy, the soul of Confucian literary style in the long river of history, Zhu Ziqi passed on and then passed on the disciples of southern Fujian, and even relayed the establishment of a Ming Dynasty four key universities one by one Guanlan Academy, here because of our ancestral merits, and produce a kind of self-confidence and pride in excellent traditional culture!
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi knew that the Kangjun (now Lushan City) in the southwest of the Jiangxi Dynasty rebuilt the Bailudong Academy, one of the four major academies in the Southern Song Dynasty. Since Ma Qianqian of the Taishi Company of the Han Dynasty received his father's order to 'climb Lushan in the south' when he was young, the mountains and rivers of Lushan have been superimposed, and the footprints of the literati of the past dynasties have been superimposed, and there are also elegant officials who have carved holes in the walls and built reading platforms with the vision of Sixian. Because White Deer Cave did not have a real natural cave in the first place. However, in the Han Dynasty, there was a Mr. Li Bo who came to him, calling himself Mr. Bailu, who was originally from Luoyang and his brother Li She, and hid in Lushan Mountain, and raised a white deer to entertain himself. The white deer has long been humane, gentle and tame, very supernatural, often with Li Bo around, but also for the master to do things, just to the deer's plum blossom fork hanging money grain cloth bag, you can go on the market to sell wine. Pick up the paper, pen, ink and inkstone for the master. That supernatural made the mountain people feel that it must be unusual, worshiped as the 'sacred deer', and respected the owner as 'Mr. Bailu', and the valley where he lived became the 'White Deer Cave'.
After Li Bo, Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty also came, leaving a famous poem: 'I once lived under the Lufeng, and the study hall was opposite the medicine table. Five years will be temporarily coming, and you will have to return overnight. Jun's White Deer Cave, smell the Tao and also have moss. 'In the late Tang Dynasty, the war was chaotic, and some indifferent literati came to Bailu Cave to read and lecture notes in order to avoid the war... In the fourth year of Tang Kaiyuan, Bailu Cave was officially opened as a academy, and Li Shandao, the Guozijian, was the owner of the cave, called 'Lushan Guoxue'.
In the Song Dynasty, Bailu Cave was the 'Four Great Academies in the World', and it was as famous as Wandering, Shigu and Yuelu, which was after Zhu Xi's recovery. In the sixth year of Chunxi, Zhu Zizhi knew the Southern Kang Army. After several wars, the White Deer Cave Academy has been abandoned for 125 years. On the ruins of the academy in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are no buildings. Zhu Zi was heartbroken when he saw it, but he found that this place is "surrounded by mountains and rivers on all sides, clear and encircled, without the noise of the market, and there is the victory of springs and stones", which is suitable for writing books and lecturing.
Chongxing Academy. Taking on this great responsibility, Zhu Zi attaches great importance to this matter, and he has made three lists one after another...
The moonlight of the Southern Song Dynasty was Zhu Zi's palm lamp, illuminating him day and night, writing in ink, 'list, mu, form, book, school rules, calligraphy', and 'Fan Twenty-nine'. Reading these moonshine-flavored articles again, people have a deep emotion: a generation of science masters, so diligent, is really a person who is extremely dedicated to doing things. However, the world is ruthless, and Zhu Zi is far-sighted. It was he who later learned about Zhangzhou and used the power of the people to 'fly the tile' to create the Dolomites Ziyang Academy, which was not understood by the world, this was the helplessness of reporting to Chaoyan's plan and idea like a mud cow entering the sea. Instead of supporting Zhu Xi's good deeds of repairing the White Deer Cave Academy and establishing the Ziyang Academy, the powerful people of the dynasty were 'regarded as strange things by the government and the opposition', and were wantonly ridiculed and ridiculed.
Zhuangzi once said: 'The world is not discouraged.' Zhu Zi unswervingly took on the mission, in addition to continuing to present the 'recital', mobilizing local squires, colleagues, and students to take various measures and find ways to ... The grass in the White Deer Cave is withered and green, and more than a year has passed. The renovated academy, the eaves and arches, the momentum is magnificent, the pavilions and books are staggered. In the spring and March of the seventh year of Chunxi (1180), that is, ten years before he knew that Zhangzhang had established the Dolomites Ziyang Academy, the Bailudong Academy was rebuilt and completed. Like Zhu Zi, this time he simply raised his glass and drank, and sang the poems and said: 'The old hall of Chongying is happy to be completed, and we must listen to the deer song together. '
With the current Douyin mantra 'never expected', the Zhangzhou Dolomites Ziyang Academy, which was later newly built in the seventeenth year of Chunxi (1190), was Zhu Xi's 'never expected', and he inscribed it on the Yinglian of the Dolomites Ziyang Academy: 'The status is high, and the sun and the moon pass by every shoulder; The door is open, and the country is often seen in the palm of your hand. It has become a dictionary for leaders' speeches. It's just that there is one thing that is more strange, the Ziyang Academy in Zhangzhou is not one of the four major academies in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, Cai Ruzuo, one of Zhu Xi's disciples of Zhangzhou Sanxi (Chen Beixi, Gao Dongxi and Cai Nanxi), was called "Cai Nanxi", but he adhered to Zhu Zi's persistence of "advocating Confucianism and changing customs". The Southern Song Dynasty founded the 'Guanlan Academy' in the Pingning Society of Bangshan, and later there were students Zheng Shendao (Ming Hongwu Prince Taifu), Lin Tong (Guangdong political envoy) and other sages repaired and relocated, so that it carried forward, and eventually became the Ming Dynasty The country's 'four major academies', which belong to Zhangzhou is also a major historical fact of Longhai, which can not help but make future generations amazed!
"Zhangzhou Mansion Chronicles"). Zhangzhou Dolomite Ziyang Academy was also founded by Zhu Xi within a year of his tenure as governor of Zhangzhou.
China has had academies since the Tang Dynasty, and the earliest academy in China is the Songzhou Academy in Zhangzhou, founded in the second year of Jinglong (708 AD) of Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, which was founded by Chen Xiang, the son of Chen Yuanguang, the "Holy King of Kaizhang", so he was honored by Tang Xuanzong as "Wenying". According to the "History of Chinese Education", the Songzhou Academy in Zhangzhou "was 10 years earlier than the "Lizheng Academy" founded in the Tang Xuanzong era. At the same time, there are attendants in the academy, who are dedicated to giving lectures on the scriptures and interpreting history for Emperor Cheng. An important organizational form of teaching in the Song Dynasty academy is the "lecture meeting" system, which was initiated by Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan and Lu Zuqian, in the second year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty, they conducted the famous "Goose Lake Meeting" of science and mind in Xinzhou, Jiangxi, and it was also an important academic debate on the philosophy of objective idealism and subjective idealism in ancient China, and then the "lecture" flourished in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and was extended to the early Qing Dynasty. Historically, the academy was a comprehensive building with various functions such as lectures, apprenticeship, book collection, writing, residence, martial arts performances, and recreation. "Since ancient times, there are many monks in famous mountains", when Confucianism flourished in the Song Dynasty, in addition to the official county schools, state schools, rural private schools, and large family teachers, the academies and lecture halls that lived in the famous mountains were also the places where local celebrities, Confucian sages, and state officials were enthusiastic. Yu Qiuyu, a famous contemporary scholar, said: "The emergence of the academy is really the result of repeated thinking and careful design by a group of highly intelligent cultural conceivers." It not only maintains a kind of clear cultural ideal, but also generally conforms to China's national conditions, the top can be skyscraper, the bottom can be grounded, and a large number of unrealistic cultural fantasies and short-term behaviors in the world are different, it can really be said to be an amazing innovation in the history of Chinese culture. "At present, the Ziyang Academy of the Dolomites is not the Ziyang Academy built in front of the Baiyun Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty, but the Qing Dynasty Qianlong ten years (1745 AD) by the former site of the Hezishan Quan Ziyang Academy of the West Phase of the Zen Temple. And the Baicao Pavilion, Zhuzi Temple, and Zen Temple of the Dolomites are located in the same line from south to north, and the pavilions and temples are hidden in the primeval forest of the thousand-year-old forest of "a tuft of hair" at the foot of the mountain, and the monks, scholars, and hermits share the incense and tea alms on the Zhangzhou Plain. The three religions of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism are united in the impermanence of Wuji and the extreme, Taiji and the two instruments, the two instruments and the four elephants, and the four elephants and the gossip, which may also be the civilization specialty of Zhangzhou and the cultural wonder of the world.
There are records of academies in the three ancient towns of Fujian in southern Fujian, which should be Cai Ruzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty, Gao Dongxi Confucian, etc., who initiated the establishment of Guanlan Academy, and then rebuilt or relocated by the sages such as Zheng Shendao Prince Taifu and Lin Tong Guangdong political envoy (equivalent to the governor) during the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty. In the local history of Zhangzhou, it is even called the four major academies of the Ming Dynasty together with 'Yingtian Academy, Yuelu Academy, and Bailudong Academy'. After all, the people who participated in the reconstruction of Guanlan Academy were such first-class court officials or provincial and ministerial-level figures as the teacher of the Shangfu in the early Ming Dynasty, my prince and concubine Zheng Shendao, and the Guangdong Buzheng Geng, and the 'Guanlan Academy was approved by the court. It is equivalent to a national key university. Now it is rebuilt in Shima 'Jinjiang Academy', which is also the prototype predecessor of the now famous 'Longhai No. 1 Middle School'. It was built in the 61st year of Kangxi, and was approved by the governor of Fujian, Aixin Paul. Today is Sunday, nothing happened, I heard that the daughter of Lin Weixuan, the founder and inspirational role model of Shimahui Bookstore, took over the training business of Jinjiang Academy. The sound of reading, the silent writing energy, and the green water lilies are about to bloom one by one, making the ancient city full of vitality.
According to the Qianlong edition of "Longxi County Chronicles", volumes 1 to 4, it is recorded that Guanlan Academy was in the eleventh capital, and Cai Ru, a Confucian in the early Song Dynasty, built a township school in Pingning to teach. Years of pouring, Ming Hongwu Jishan (the prince of the palace Taifu Zheng Shendao please in the patrol according to the imperial history Chen Zhongshu rebuilt it, Zhong for the record. Later, Shendao detoured to Nanbanbian and said, 'Guanlan Academy.' (Ming) Hongzhi seven years to Shi Bu Zhenglin with the south of the mixed dwellings are moved to the foot of Wenshan, the construction of the temple to worship the ancestors of the sages before the book house and the house. (Ming) Zhengde four years (Zhangzhou) prefect listed and asked the Yuan Department to Confucius 62nd grandson Kong Wenchun and clothes towel to the main ceremony and allocate Xinzhou Tian to be located in Yingjiang and other places, (Zhangzhou prefect Chen Hongmo, Zhang Peng (there is a cliff carving in the cloud cave rock) continued to allocate the mountain Guanyin Temple to rent the hospital, in order to pay for the sacrifice (cost). In the twelfth year of Wanli, the edict of the world was privately created academies, and it was negotiable to be called Guanlan Academy in the court, and the two scriptures were approved. The consecration of the Saints is not a private creation. And the descendants inherited and added the house, which has been inconvenient for the Kong family temple. There was no official (later there was no official support), and then passed to Kong Donation (this generation), and during the Apocalypse (year), it was moved to the old academy in Zhangcheng and abandoned.
It can be found that Lin Tongjinshi, the political envoy (governor) of Guangdong, has contributed to the development of the four major academies of the Ming Dynasty, the Guanlan Academy. Why did it move from Nanban to Yangxi Wenshan, because Wenshan is also known as Huiwen Mountain, Xiangshan, Guanyin Mountain, is the birthplace of the four surnames of Lin, Zheng, Xu and Fang in southern Fujian. Therefore, so far, all the Lin compatriots of Zini should not only be benevolent and Lin Mingzong, but should continue to work together to carry forward the excellent traditional culture with this thought!
"Shima Town Chronicles":
"Zheng Shendao Hongwu Ding Mao raised people, awarded Liang Mansion (1) to remember goodness"
Zheng Shendao's name Wen Xuan is a word line, Hong Wujian, he is ordered to regard the two Zhejiang Salt Transportation Division, and the prison is incorruptible to several people, and it is not his crime to come out, and this is returned. After the person conceived the gold-tailed boat, he thanked him, but Jun did not give it. At the end of Yongle, he was promoted to the Economic Bureau. When the school was written, Renmiao was in the residence, and he repeatedly undertook to inquire and praise the decree. Summoning people to wait for the feast, to learn the old, to perform the duties of prudence and praise, to give the Liang Mansion a good record, to speak rightly, and to supplement the macro more. At the age of 70, he returned to Guanlan Academy to teach the children of the village. He is the author of books such as "Preservation and Maintenance", "Qi Chi Ji", died at the age of eighty-two, and was given to the prince and the prince.
Please return home to Bangshan Academy
Taifu Zheng said deeply
得请归来万里余，欢寻旧院水云居。
Spread the heart seal from Susi in the morning, and read the book of the godson in the evening window.
The fine grass is fragrant with flowers, and the breeze and moon are full of court.
The universe is spring, and this joy may not be as good as it was.
Note: (1): Liang Mansion and Ren Temple are both Prince's Mansion.
Zheng Shendao, a person from Shimadacheng.
Dacheng: Park West Road, Shima Town, from Jiexin Park to the current Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
The family temple is in Dacheng (the former office of Dacheng Primary School, the parking lot in front of the gate of the municipal party committee), and every year during the Lantern Festival (the fifteenth day of the first month), Zheng Shendao will hold a lantern festival in Dacheng.
The origin of Zheng Shendao and Guanlan Academy
Zheng Shendao was originally a student of Guanlan Academy on the edge of the forest in Bangshan, so there is a sentence in the poem, "Joy is looking for the old courtyard and water cloud residence". After his return, he rebuilt Guanlan Academy in Bangshan South Garden. Therefore, "Zhenzhi" has the record of "re-viewing Lancheng Academy". After he returned to his hometown, he attached great importance to education and taught at Guanlan Academy to teach and educate people.
Later, by Lin Bi, a native of Linbian, the Ming Dynasty Tianshun four years of Jinshi, official, director of the Ministry of Works, and Langzhong of the Ministry of Households. After returning to seclusion in the seventies, in order for students to study with peace of mind, they invited the county to move Guanlan Academy to Wenshan. Wenshan is Guanyin Mountain, and there is a meritorious Lin Bi of Guanlan Academy. That is, the shrine of Cai Ruzuo, Lin Bi, and Zheng Shendao.
Cai Ruzuo, a native of Xitou, is a teacher who built Guanlan Academy. Also known as Cai Nanxi.
Lin Bi, a Jinshi in the seventh year of Yuan Zhizheng (1348), a native of Linbian, and his father Lin Guangfa, the word Mingqing, his younger brother Lin Yuchen, and the word Yuangong, are all high-achieving students of Guanlan Academy. Lin Bi, governor of Zhangzhou Road. In the second year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1369), he was called to revise the "History of the Yuan" as a famous Confucian, and sent an envoy to Annan for the second time.
Yutaka Arita accounts about "during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1398), Gongsheng Zheng Shendao and Chen Zhongshu, the inspector of the imperial history, initiated the reconstruction of Guanlan Academy".
Guanlan Academy, rebuilt in the fourth year of Daoguang, also has the Erxian Temple in Linbian Village. Under the account of Jinshi Zheng Kaixi, there is the "Wenci Inscription" of "Ming Taifu Zheng Shendao Rebuilt", and it is believed that Guanlan can be the same as Daliang, Luyue and Fengchi as the country's material land.
In the eighth year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1882), when Lin Kaichun was repairing Wufu Temple, he modified the right hall of Xian'an into "Wenshan Academy", and built "Taishi Gong Temple" (now changed to CPPCC) in Tiancuozi to commemorate Taifu Zheng Shendao.
In 1652, Zheng Chenggong captured Shima, and according to Zheng Lao-Zheng Hougen, Zheng Chenggong also went to the Zheng family temple in Dacheng to worship and established a mint in Dacheng. During the Republic of China, the Zheng family temple was used as the general office to establish the Shima Dacheng Primary School (now the place of the third middle school). The students of Dacheng Primary School have to go to the Taishi Gong Temple in Tin Cuo Tsai to perform the Spring and Autumn Rites.
According to the records of "History of Wuqiao Society" and "Genealogy of the Zheng Clan of Shizetang", the ancestor of Wuqiao was the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Writer Wu Min is the twentieth generation grandson of Zheng Simei, from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the present Wuqiao people are separated by 18.7 years, so it is inferred that Zheng Simei's ancestor Zheng Shendao is a Hongwu Ding Mao Ju of the Ming Dynasty, according to the calculation of the 18.7 generation, he should be the thirteenth to fifteenth generation ancestor of Zheng Simei, and also the thirty-third to thirty-fifth generation ancestor of Zheng Yashuijun. This is the inseparable blood relationship of the Chinese nation, tracing back to the origin and carrying forward the merits of the ancestors, this ancestral hall culture of the township community, can make future generations continue to remember the ancestral merits, continue the excellent traditional Chinese culture - the common people will keep their roots.
The current historical sites of Zhangzhou need to be restored a lot, but as the collection of history and culture, the 'three major academies' of the Tang Dynasty have been rebuilt, the Ziyang Academy of the Southern Song Dynasty has also heard and seen, and the Guanlan Academy of the Ming Dynasty is in the clouds... I hope that having a 'mirage' is also the original intention of making this life's dream come true!
Zheng Yashui, pen name Wumin, was born in Wuqiao Village, the eastern suburb of Zhangzhou, graduated from Zhangzhou Agricultural Machinery School and the Department of Political Science of Xiamen University, and is a member of the Chinese Prose Literature Association. It has successively published books such as "Autumn Water and White Clouds" and "Western International Politics Research" by Zhangzhou Library, "Deep in White Clouds" published by Writers Publishing House, and "Yuebo Longjiang" published by Haifeng Publishing House. In 2001, he was awarded the first prize of "Excellent Social Science Paper" by the China Association of Eastern European Economy, and was selected into the "Collected Papers on China's Reform and Development" (Beijing Hope Electronic Publishing House); in November 2009, the paper was included in the "n<1 Knowledge Network Space" think tank consultation by Tsinghua University, and the deputy editor-in-chief of "The Complete Works of Chinese Writers and Calligraphers" (Chinese Culture Publishing House).
<兰亭序>In September 2010, the article "Collecting Relics" was selected into the "Collection of Representative Works of Chinese Essayists" (Writers Publishing House) and won the "Chinese Contemporary Prose Award" of the 2010 Chinese Prose Literature Association, in August 2021, the work "Father Who Said Good" won the first prize of the "Meet in Beijing" National Literary and Art Competition, in February 2022, the work "Father Who Said Good" was included in the "Complete Works of Chinese Writers and Calligraphers" and was awarded the "Special Award"; in April 2022, In July 2022, "Ziyunyan No Living and Not Moving" won the "Second Prize" of the 2022 Most Beautiful Chinese Contemporary Poetry and Prose Competition, "Zen Taiwu Fanmu" won the "First Prize" of the 8th National New Year New Essay Competition, in November 2022, "The Air Is Not "Colorless" won the gold medal of the 2nd "Sanya Cup" National Literature Competition, and in March 2023, "Walking in Hougang Ancient Street" won the 10th " Meet in Beijing "National Literary and Art Competition" First Prize, "Special Award" of Chinese Contemporary Literary and Artistic Masterpieces Golden List Collection, and compiled into the "Chinese Contemporary Literary and Artistic Masterpieces Golden List Collection" (2024 volume); "Dream of Mrs. Taiwu" won the first prize of the 2nd China's Most Beautiful Prose Poetry Grand Prix; "One Word Holy Hand Always Sees in the Palm of Your Hand" was selected as a must-read explanation textbook for ancient poems in "High School Chinese"; "A Hundred Flowers in a Dream Are Blooming" won the "First Prize" of the 2024 "Chunguang Cup" Contemporary Ecological Literature Competition; In 2023, he will be hired as a "Senior Writer of China Prose Network" by China Prose Network;
The 400,000-word essay collection "Sunrise Purple Clouds" is being compiled and is scheduled to be officially presented to readers after retirement.
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