Wheat "three diseases and one insect" (stripe rust, scab, stem base rot, aphid) is the main pest and disease that occurs in a wide range of wheat on the mainland, with high recurrence frequency and heavy damage loss, among which stripe rust, scab and aphid are a class of diseases and pests in the mainland, and stem base rot has expanded and spread rapidly in recent years. According to the forecast analysis, wheat scab, stem base rot and aphids showed a general trend of heavy occurrence this year, and stripe rust was prevalent in local wheat areas, posing a serious threat to the increase of wheat yield and bumper harvest. In order to control the harm of "three diseases and one insect" in wheat economically, green and efficiently, the key points of prevention and control technology are specially formulated.
1. Wheat stripe rust
Northwest and southwest Yuexia regions. Implement "detection with medicine", and immediately spray pesticides to prevent and control diseased leaves, so as to prevent the spread of diseases. At the same time, we should intensify the treatment of stripe rust bacteria in sexual generations, eradicate barberry within 50 meters around the wheat field through the measures of "shoveling, spraying and sealing", spray fungicides before the rust spores on barberry mature and spread, and seal the wheat straw to block the main harm of stripe rust bacteria between wheat and barberry, and prevent the physiological variation of pathogens. Once the epidemic momentum occurs in spring, tebuconazole, fluconazole and other agents should be sprayed in time to control the epidemic hazard of the disease.
Southwest China, Hanshui Basin and other winter breeding areas. In the spring, the control measures of "detecting with drugs, discovering a little, and controlling a piece" were fully implemented to reduce the number of bacterial sources and reduce the risk of large-scale epidemics in the later stage. Once there is an outbreak center in the field, joint prevention and control and unified prevention and control should be organized immediately to effectively reduce the local harm and reduce the spread of the fungus source to the main wheat producing areas such as Huanghuai and Jianghuai.
Huanghuaihai spring endemic area. When the rate of diseased leaves in the field reaches 0.5%-1%, timely organize unified prevention and control, and use tebuconazole, fluconazole, propiconazole, hexaconazole and other agents to spray to curb the large-scale epidemic of the disease.
2. Wheat scab
The Yangtze River Basin, the Jianghuai River and the southern Huanghuai River are often occurring areas. Fully implement the preventive measures of "seeing flowers and spraying pesticides", and if there is suitable epidemic weather such as rain and dew condensation for a long time after application, the second prevention and control should be carried out within 5-7 days after the first use. In areas where carbendazim is resistant, high-efficiency agents such as cyanostrobin, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, fluazole, and phytoconazole can be used for prevention and control to improve the prevention effect and reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Measures such as drug rotation should be taken to delay the emergence of drug resistance. In the pesticide formulation, it is recommended to use ultrafine powder that is resistant to rain erosion.
Occasional areas such as northern Huanghuai and North China. Strengthen monitoring and water and fertilizer management, pay close attention to weather changes during heading and flowering, and once encountering suitable climatic conditions for the occurrence of diseases, we should seize the critical period from wheat heading to the early stage of flowering, and choose carbendazim, cyanostrobin, tebuconazole, prothioconazole and other agents for timely prevention.
3. Wheat stem base rot
On the basis of autumn sowing and seed dressing, combined with the prevention and control of sheath blight in early spring, spray prothioconazole, propaconazole, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, phyconazole, cyanostrobin, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, chlorofluoroconazole and other on-road agents to control the development and spread of the disease. It is best to use a self-propelled boom sprayer or knapsack sprayer when applying pesticides, appropriately increase the water consumption, pay attention to reducing the height of the nozzle and control the direction, and focus on spraying the base of the wheat stem.
IV. Wheat Silkworm
During the rejuvenation and jointing period, it is important to do a good job in insect monitoring and give full play to the natural pest control role of natural enemies. When the spot occurs, the treatment is carried out in time, and when the number of 100 aphids in the field is more than 200, pesticide prevention and control is taken. In the wheat heading-filling stage, when the number of 100 ears of aphids in the field reaches more than 800 and the ratio of natural enemies to wheat aphids is less than 1:150, selective insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, chlorofluoro-clothianidin and other chemical agents can be sprayed to prevent and control, or biological pesticides such as matrine can be used for control. In the later stage of wheat growth, the control of wheat stripe rust, scab, powdery mildew and other diseases and insects can be combined with the operation of "one spray and three preventions", and anti-aphid and neonicotinoid agents can be added to carry out unified control. The pesticide application machinery should be sprayed with high-efficiency pesticide application machinery such as spray rod sprayers and plant protection unmanned aircraft and small aperture nozzles, and the corresponding functional additives should be added to ensure the control effect.
Source: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center