Science (20240405 Publishing) one-week paper introduction

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Science, Volume 384, Issue 6691,5 Apr 2024

Science, Vol. 384, No. 6691, April 5, 2024

化学物理Chemical-Physics

Single body-coupled fiber enables chipless textile electronics

Monomer coupled optical fibers enable chipless textile electronics

𗞭: WEIEMA YANG, SHAOMEI LIN, WEI GONG, RONGZHOU LIN, CHENGMEI JIANG, XIN YANG, YUNHAO HU, JINGJIE WANG, XIAO XIAO, AND HONGZHI

▲ Links:

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3755

▲ Abstract:

Smart textiles provide an ideal platform for integrating technology into everyday life. However, current textile electronic systems often rely on rigid silicon components, which limits seamless integration, energy efficiency, and comfort. Due to the lack of dynamic energy conversion carriers, chipless electronic systems still face the challenge of digital logic.

The researchers proposed a chip-free body-coupled energy interaction mechanism for environmental electromagnetic energy harvesting and single-fiber wireless signal transmission. The fiber itself enables wireless visual digital interaction without the need for additional chips or batteries on textiles.

Because all the electronic components are fused in a single microfiber, this facilitates scalable manufacturing and compatibility with modern weaving technologies, resulting in multifunctional and smart garments. The researchers propose a possible strategy to solve the problem of silicon-based textile systems.

▲ Abstract：

Intelligent textiles provide an ideal platform for merging technology into daily routines. However, current textile electronic systems often rely on rigid silicon components, which limits seamless integration, energy efficiency, and comfort. Chipless electronic systems still face digital logic challenges owing to the lack of dynamic energy-switching carriers. We propose a chipless body-coupled energy interaction mechanism for ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting and wireless signal transmission through a single fiber. The fiber itself enables wireless visual–digital interactions without the need for extra chips or batteries on textiles. Because all of the electronic assemblies are merged in a miniature fiber, this facilitates scalable fabrication and compatibility with modern weaving techniques, thereby enabling versatile and intelligent clothing. We propose a strategy that may address the problems of silicon-based textile systems.

Pseudo-nanostructure and trapped-hole release induce high thermoelectric performance in PbTe

Pseudo-nanostructures and trapped pore release-induced PbTe have high thermoelectric properties

▲作者:BAOHAI JIA, DI WU, LIN XIE, WU WANG, TIAN YU, SHANGYANG LI, YAN WANG, YANJUN XU, BINBIN JIANG, AND JIAQING HE

▲ Links:

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adj8175

▲ Abstract:

Thermoelectric materials can realize the direct conversion of electricity and heat. However, due to the strongly entangled nature of electrical and thermal transport, it is challenging to develop strategies to improve high thermoelectric performance.

The researchers demonstrated the pseudo-nanostructure of vacancy clusters and the dynamic carrier modulation of capturing hole release in P-type lead telluride materials, thereby realizing the simultaneous regulation of phonon and carrier transport. At a temperature difference of 554 Kelvin, the study also achieved an energy conversion efficiency of ~15.5% in the segmented module. The study demonstrates the promise of medium-temperature thermoelectric power in a range of different applications.

▲ Abstract：

Thermoelectric materials can realize direct and mutual conversion between electricity and heat. However, developing a strategy to improve high thermoelectric performance is challenging because of strongly entangled electrical and thermal transport properties. We demonstrate a case in which both pseudo-nanostructures of vacancy clusters and dynamic charge-carrier regulation of trapped-hole release have been achieved in p-type lead telluride–based materials, enabling the simultaneous regulations of phonon and charge carrier transports. We also achieved an energy conversion efficiency of ~15.5% at a temperature difference of 554 kelvin in a segmented module. Our demonstration shows promise for mid-temperature thermoelectrics across a range of different applications.

Chemistry

Molecularly thin, two-dimensional all-organic perovskites

Molecular thickness two-dimensional all-organic perovskites

▲作者：HWA SEOB CHOI, JUN LIN, GANG WANG, WALTER P. D. WONG, IN-HYEOK PARK, FANG LIN, JUN YIN, KAI LENG, JUNHAO LIN, AND KIAN PING LOH

▲ Links:

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk8912

▲ Abstract:

In recent years, the emergence of all-organic perovskites with three-dimensional structures has expanded the potential applications of perovskite materials. However, the synthesis and utilization of all-organic perovskites in two-dimensional forms remain largely unexplored because the design principles have not yet been developed.

The researchers synthesized a metal-free, two-dimensional layered perovskite denoted as the CL-v phase with the chemical formula A2B2X4, where A represents a cation larger than B and X denotes an anion. The dielectric constant of the CL-v phase is between 4.8 ~ 5.5, demonstrating its potential as a gate medium for thin-film transistors.

▲ Abstract：

Recently, the emergence of all-organic perovskites with three-dimensional (3D) structures has expanded the potential applications of perovskite materials. However, the synthesis and utilization of all-organic perovskites in 2D form remain largely unexplored because the design principle has not been developed. We present the successful synthesis of a metal-free 2D layered perovskite, denoted as the Choi-Loh van der Waals phase (CL-v phase), with the chemical formula A2B2X4, where A represents a larger-sized cation compared to B and X denotes an anion. The dielectric constants of the CL-v phase range from 4.8 to 5.5 and we demonstrate their potential as gate dielectrics for thin-film transistors.

Carbon quaternization of redox active esters and olefins by decarboxylative coupling

Decarboxylation coupling of redox active esters and alkenes for quaternary ammonylation reactions

▲作者：XU-CHENG GAN, BENXIANG ZHANG, NATHAN DAO, CHENG BI, MAITHILI POKLE, LIYAN KAN, MICHAEL R. COLLINS, CHET C. TYROL, PHILIPPE N. BOLDUC , AND RYAN SHENVI

▲ Links:

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn5619

▲ Abstract:

The synthesis of quaternary carbon often requires many steps and complex conditions or harsh reagents that act on highly engineered substrates. The researchers report a simple combination of catalyst and reducing agent that converts two types of feedstock chemicals, carboxylic acids and olefins, to tetrasubstituted carbon by quaternization of free radical intermediates.

The iron porphyrin catalyst activates each substrate by electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer, and then binds the fragments by a bimolecular homosoluble substitution (SH2) reaction. This cross-coupling reduces the synthetic burden of obtaining large quantities of quaternary carbon-containing products from simple chemical feedstocks.

▲ Abstract：

The synthesis of quaternary carbons often requires numerous steps and complex conditions or harsh reagents that act on heavily engineered substrates. This is largely a consequence of conventional polar-bond retrosynthetic disconnections that in turn require multiple functional group interconversions, redox manipulations, and protecting group chemistry. Here, we report a simple catalyst and reductant combination that converts two types of feedstock chemicals, carboxylic acids and olefins, into tetrasubstituted carbons through quaternization of radical intermediates. An iron porphyrin catalyst activates each substrate by electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer, and then combines the fragments using a bimolecular homolytic substitution （SH2） reaction. This cross-coupling reduces the synthetic burden to procure numerous quaternary carbon– --containing products from simple chemical feedstocks.

农业Agriculture

Joint environmental and social benefits from diversified agriculture

The environmental and social benefits of diversified agriculture

▲作者：LAURA VANG RASMUSSEN, INGO GRASS, ZIA MEHRABI, OLIVIA M. SMITH, RACHEL BEZNER-KERR, JENNIFER BLESH, LUCAS ALEJANDRO GARIBALDI, MARNEY E. ISAAC, CHRISTINA M. KENNEDY, AND CLAIRE KREMEN

▲ Links:

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adj1914

▲ Abstract:

The continued expansion of agricultural homogeneity has come at the expense of the diversification of agricultural forms. This simplification, for example, in the form of a centrally managed monoculture, poses a risk to ensuring that the world is within the boundaries of a safe and just Earth system.

The researchers assessed how agricultural diversification affects both social and environmental outcomes. Based on 24 studies from 2,655 farms in 11 countries, they show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, non-crop cultivation and water conservation can benefit both social (e.g., human well-being, yield, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes.

The study found that applying multiple diversification strategies yielded more positive results than a single management strategy. In order to realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the consistent adoption of multiple diversification strategies.

▲ Abstract：

Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that applying multiple diversification strategies creates more positive outcomes than individual management strategies alone. To realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the adoption of multiple diversification strategies in unison.

生命科学 Life Science

Bronchoconstriction damages airway epithelia by crowding-induced excess cell extrusion

Bronchoconstriction impairs the airway epithelium through crowding-induced excessive cellular compression

▲作者：DUSTIN C. BAGLEY, TOBIAS RUSSELL, ELENA ORTIZ-ZAPATER, SALLY STINSON, KRISTINA FOX, POLLY F. REDD, MERRY JOSEPH, CASSANDRA DEERING-RICE, CHRISTOPHER REILLY , AND JODY ROSENBLATT

▲ Links:

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk2758

▲ Abstract:

Asthma is considered an inflammatory disease with a definite diagnostic feature of mechanical bronchoconstriction. A conserved process called cell extrusion was previously discovered, which drives homeostatic epithelial cell death when cells become overcrowded.

New research suggests that pathological crowding of bronchosystolic episodes leads to a large number of epithelial cell squeezing, which damages the airways, leading to inflammation and mucus secretion in mice and humans. Although relaxation of the airway with salbuterol rescue treatment does not affect these responses, inhibition of live cell squeezing signals during bronchoconstriction prevents all of these features.

The findings suggest that bronchoconstriction leads to epithelial damage and inflammation through overcrowding-induced cell extrusion, and suggests that blocking epithelial extrusion rather than subsequent downstream inflammation can stop the prodromal asthma inflammatory cycle.

▲ Abstract：

Asthma is deemed an inflammatory disease, yet the defining diagnostic feature is mechanical bronchoconstriction. We previously discovered a conserved process called cell extrusion that drives homeostatic epithelial cell death when cells become too crowded. In this work, we show that the pathological crowding of a bronchoconstrictive attack causes so much epithelial cell extrusion that it damages the airways, resulting in inflammation and mucus secretion in both mice and humans. Although relaxing the airways with the rescue treatment albuterol did not affect these responses, inhibiting live cell extrusion signaling during bronchoconstriction prevented all these features. Our findings show that bronchoconstriction causes epithelial damage and inflammation by excess crowding-induced cell extrusion and suggest that blocking epithelial extrusion, instead of the ensuing downstream inflammation, could prevent the feed-forward asthma inflammatory cycle.