What should be paid attention to when applying organic fertilizer in the spring of the orchard? Pay attention to the selection of commercial organic fertilizer. First of all, it is necessary to find out the source of raw materials, and secondly, the commercial organic fertilizer selected is first tested and demonstrated in a small area. Pay attention to apply after decay. Most organic fertilizers, such as newly bought chicken manure and cow manure, often carry harmful substances such as germs, and direct use is not good for crops, so they should be used after accumulation and fermentation.
Pay attention to the amount of fertilizer to be applied. Organic fertilizers are large in size and low in nutrients, and need to be applied in large quantities to meet the needs of crops, but more is not always better. Fruit crops require a large amount of fertilizer, generally about 2000 kg.
Pay attention to the organic and inorganic combinations. Organic fertilizer is full of nutrients, but when the crop grows at the peak of fertilizer demand, the supply is often insufficient, and the inorganic fertilizer is easy to decompose, which is conducive to crop absorption, but the stamina is insufficient. The combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can meet the fertilizer needs of crops.
Pay attention to the deep application of basal fertilizer. Organic fertilizer has a long-lasting effect and slow release of nutrients, so it is generally applied as basal fertilizer, and organic fertilizer is applied during deep ploughing, which is conducive to the integration of soil and fertilizer, promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, and effectively improves soil properties.
Mixed with biological fertilizer. The use of biological bacteria in biological fertilizer can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in organic fertilizer, and at the same time can decompose and transform harmful substances in organic fertilizer. Generally, when applying organic fertilizer at the base, 150~200 kg of biological fertilizer can be applied per mu, and 20~25 kg per mu can be applied when topdressing.
Orchards should use organic fertilizer well, and there are the following application methods:
Annular furrow fertilization. Dig a 30~40 cm wide and 15~45 cm deep annular ditch around the canopy, and then mix the topsoil with basal fertilizer and apply it, which is suitable for young organic orchards.
Radial fertilization. At a distance of 1 meter from the trunk, dig 6~8 radial ditches, the width of the ditch is 30~60 cm, the depth is 15~45 cm, and the length reaches the outer edge of the trunk. Cover the soil after applying the fertilizer into the ditch. This method is suitable for mature orchards.
Strip furrow fertilization. Dig 1~2 long furrows with a width of 50 cm and a depth of 40~50 cm between the rows of organic fruit trees or between the plants, and then fertilize and cover the soil. This method is suitable for mature orchards.
Cave casting. Under a tree with a diameter of 1 meter or more, dig 10~20 cone-shaped holes with a depth of 40~50 cm, a top mouth of 30 cm, and a bottom of 10 cm. The hole is filled with dead branches and rotten leaves, covered with plastic sheeting, and top dressing and watering are all in the hole. This method is suitable for sandy orchards with poor water and fertility retention.
Soil drilling and fertilization. Drill holes under the canopy with a drill and pour the diluted fertilizer into the holes to allow the fertilizer to penetrate slowly. This method is suitable for orchards in densely planted areas and mature orchards in arid areas.
Whole garden fertilization method. Spread the fertilizer evenly throughout the garden, turn the fertilizer into the soil, and the depth should be 25 cm. This method is suitable for mature trees with full roots or densely planted orchards.
Fertilizer method with water. In mulch-covered young orchards, chemical fertilizers can be dissolved into water and then applied with irrigation water.
Intercropping fertilization. Plants such as peas, goldenrods, alfalfa, broad beans, mung beans, soybeans and other plants are planted between the rows of organic fruit trees, and the soil organic matter can be increased by deep turning and pressing green in a timely manner. This method has a good effect on young or mature orchards.