A summary of the works of the Three Kingdoms Zhong Xuan's cursive, line-grass, and regular script inscriptions, as well as the interpretation and experience of the study
鸿墨轩3dec >《草书》
2020.12.03
concern
Wen is culture2018-01-14 09:07:50
Zhong Xuan's cursive script "Dechang Feng Post"
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Zhong Xuan (passing) has a long wind post
Zhong Xuanxingcao's Codex
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Zhong Xuankaishu "Cemetery Bingshe Post"
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Zhong Xuankai's book "Return the Table"
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Zhong Xuankaishu "Return the Table", Song Ta, is said to be Wang Xizhi's book of Zhong Xuan
Zhong Xiaokai "Recommended Season Straight Table"
"Recommended Seasons Straight Table" (Japan Uno Yukimura Collection Song Takumoto)
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Flip through the ink book
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Inkbook
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Open the APP to view the high-definition big picture
Zhong Xuanshu was written in the second year of the early Wei and Huang dynasties (221), in regular script, and Zhong Xuan was seventy years old. The content of this table is a performance of Hou Jizhi in Guannai, who recommended the former minister. The original ink book was looted by a British soldier in 1860 when the British and French troops burned down the Old Summer Palace. It fell into the hands of a collector and was stolen by thieves and buried in the ground, where it was decomposed when it was dug up. Fortunately, one of the photographs remained. The Ming Dynasty engraved into the "True Appreciation Zhai Post", and the Qing Dynasty engraved into the "Sanxi Hall", which is the first of all articles.
Some people think that this post is copied by the Tang people according to the original, and some people think that it is a pseudo-trust, but it is a "pseudo-good thing". Because it has the basic characteristics of Zhongshu and high artistic value, it has been valued and highly praised by the book industry. For example, Lu Xingzhi said: "The "Recommended Season Straight Table" is ancient and simple, super wonderful, and there is no Jin and Tang Dynasty flower arrangement beauties. Wang Shizhen believes that after the appearance of this post, "the world's scholars of the bell no longer know that there is a "Chunhua Pavilion" (referring to the "Chunhua Pavilion" contained in the Zhong Xuan Zhu inscriptions). The strokes and knots of this post are extremely natural, and the chapters are staggered. Emperor Wu of Liang and others said that "clouds and cranes swim in the sky", "the sea is playing" and "dense between the rows" are the most distinct in this post. The "Bell Style" created by Zhong Xuan, together with Wang Xizhi's "Wang Style", are two enduring artistic examples in the history of mainland calligraphy, and their influence is extremely far-reaching.
Zhong Xuan (151-230), the character Yuan Chang, was a minister and calligrapher of the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms. Yingchuan Changshe (belonging to today's Changge, Henan) people. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he raised filial piety and honesty, and tired of moving to Tingweizheng and Huangmen Shilang. Cao Cao was in power and served as the lieutenant of the middle and the school. Cao Pi Dai Han, appointed as a court lieutenant, and was named a noble marquis. Emperor Ming ascended the throne and moved to Taifu, known as "Zhong Taifu". Gong calligraphy, Zong Cao Xi, Cai Yong, Liu Desheng, win the strengths of others, become a family, especially good at subordination, Kai. If the book flies to the sea, the dancing crane swims in the sky. Later generations commented that his subordination into the gods, eight points into the wonderful, and the great calligrapher Hu Zhao and called "Hu Fat Zhong Thin". and King Xizhi of Jin is called "King Zhong". It is as famous as Zhang Zhi and Wang Xizhi, and is called "Zhong Zhang" and "Zhong Wang". Together with Zhang Zhi, Wang Xizhi, and Wang Xianzhi, they are collectively known as the "Four Sages" in the book. When he was dying, he said: "I think about learning, learn how to use the pen, every time I see ten thousand kinds, they are all portraits, and their dedication is so." The authenticity is not passed on, since the Song Dynasty, the "Declaration Table", "He Jie Table", "Recommended Season Straight Table", "Force Life Table", "Tomb Field Post", etc., are all copied by later generations. Tang Zhang Huaijin's "Book Break" called him: "The real book is wonderful, but it is too teacher, rigid and soft." Between the dot paintings, there are many strange interests, which can be described as deep and boundless, more than quaint, since Taihan, only one person. "The True Story of Calligraphy" cloud: "Zhong Xuan's calligraphy is ancient and simple, super wonderful. ”
The discovery of an inkblot photograph of Chung Tsu's "Recommended Seasons Straight Table".
There are countless Chinese calligraphy inkblots handed down from generation to generation, and one of them is dazzling and extremely attention-grabbing, which is Zhong Xuan's "Recommended Season Straight Table".
In the sixth issue of "Cultural Relics of the Palace Museum" in 1984 (published by the Palace Museum in Taiwan), there was also an article by Mr. Zhang Guangbin entitled "The Book of Li Wei and Lu Cambodia".
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty (late 13th century), several pieces of calligraphy and ink that were said to be Cao Wei, that is, the Tang people, appeared successively, which triggered different levels of enlightenment for the people who were good at that time. One of the things that had the greatest influence on calligraphy after the Yuan and Ming dynasties was the "Wei Zhongxuan Book Recommendation Ji Zhibiao".
This piece was passed directly to the Qing court, and it was engraved into the "Sanxitang Fati", and its whereabouts are still unknown. The other is "Tang Chu Sui Liang Shu Ni Kuanzan", which is still a collection of law books in the Palace Museum. The two inkblots, after the fourteenth century, have been circulated among the people, and have been copied and engraved by the Hui Ti many times, and have been widely circulated, especially the "Recommended Season Straight Table". ”
Mr. Zhang is an expert in the Department of Calligraphy and Painting of the Palace Museum, and has written a lot of books, including his book "The History of Chinese Calligraphy", which is a broad and profound treatise.
As a matter of fact, Mr. Zhang is not the only one who holds this hatred! Long before Mr. Zhang, Mr. Li Bingren (Jiang Fen), the former president of the Hong Kong Book Spectrum Society, also sighed with great emotion, and his remarks were shown in the article "The Gains and Losses of the Authentic Writings of Zhong Xiang Recommended Ji Zhibiao" in the 10th issue of the "Book Spectrum" in 1976
During the Spring Festival, I occasionally met with Mr. Lee Kai-yan and Professor Jao Tsung-i to talk about Pei King-fu's collection of the authentic works of "Recommended Seasons and Straight Watches", and they all regretted the loss of this play.
After coming back, I tried to check the "Complete Works of Calligraphy" of the Japanese Ordinary Society, and I knew that the materials collected by the Japanese calligraphy circle were very complete, and there was a photocopy of the true appreciation of this table in the third volume of "Calligraphy", which was already a rare so-called "fire book". It can be seen that the authenticity of this watch was indeed lost after Mr. King Fuk's "Catalogue of Calligraphy and Painting" was written in the year of Jiazi (1924). ”
The issue of "Book Spectrum", compiled with "Zhong Xuan Calligraphy Collection", is all rubbing, "Recommended Season Straight Table" is to use the true appreciation of the book, but also a helpless thing.
Mr. Wang Zhuanghong and Zhong Xuan's ink photo of "Recommended Seasons Straight Table".
About 45 years ago, Mr. Wang Zhuanghong purchased a copy of the original copy of the "Zhuangtao Pavilion Method", which was an old item of the Pei family. He went through them one by one and found a frame of a photograph in a certain volume, and when he read it carefully, he was overjoyed.
It turns out that this photo was taken in the ink of Zhong Xuan's "Recommended Season Straight Table"!
This photo is taken clearly, standardly, of very good quality, the handwriting is accurate, and the exposure is correct, leaving us with the original appearance of the original handwriting of "Recommended Season Straight Table". To this day, there is only one frame of the world's known photo of "Recommended Seasons Straight Watch".
Mr. Wang Zhuanghong was very happy to get this photo, very precious, and very careful to save it. During the 10-year Cultural Revolution, all his other collections were lost, but strangely enough, this photograph escaped disaster again and again and was preserved intact.
In December 1984, when the Shanghai "Calligraphy" magazine wanted to find a masterpiece of the Wei Dynasty to be printed on the appendix of the calendar of calligraphy lovers, Mr. Wang Zhuanghong, then the editor of the "Calligraphy" magazine, considered again and again, and chose the first regular script "Recommended Season Straight Table", and this photo was made public for the first time.
As soon as the photograph was released, it caused a huge repercussion in the calligraphy world, and none of the engravings today can be compared with the photograph.
Zhong Xuan and "Recommended Season Straight Watch"
Zhong Xuan's handwriting has been handed down to this day, and it is claimed that there are five tables, six posts, and three tablets. The "five tables" are: "Declaration Table", "He Jie Table" (also known as "Ronglu Table"), "Adjustment Table", "Force Table" and "Recommended Season Straight Table"; The "six posts" are "Cemetery Bingshe" (referred to as "Bingshe Post"), "Snow Cold Post", "Yesterday's Shuhui Post" (referred to as "Return Post"), "White Riding Post", "Common Trouble Post", "Changfeng Post"; The "three monuments" are "Yiying Monument", "Wei Shangzun Monument", and "Shouzen Monument". These are engraved copies, and the authenticity of them is not very reliable. In fact, none of the three steles have a clear signature, only Zhang Zhigui of the Song Dynasty said in the stone inscription that the "Yiying Stele" is "the book of Zhong Taiwei of the Later Han Dynasty". However, this stele was erected in the first year of Yongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (153 A.D.), and it is estimated that Zhong Miao was 3 years old at that time, and there is definitely no possibility of writing this stele. The other two monuments are also far-fetched and have no conclusive evidence. Among the "six posts", except for the "Returning the Post" and "Bingshe Post", the two books are similar, and the remaining four posts are all copies of the work, which are unrecognizable, and some people think that it is Wang Xi's father and son, but it is not known. "Bingshe Post" and "Also Show Post" two posts with the pen are elegant and quiet, leisurely and sparse, the font is sparse, and it is the top quality of regular script.
In contrast, it seems that the "Five Watches" have the most origins and a high level of art, but not all of them are written by Zhong Xuan. Like the famous Xiaokai work "Declaration Table", the authenticity has long been lost, and what has been handed down is only the book of Wang Xi passed down in the Tang Dynasty (see Chu Suiliang's "Bibliography of Wang Xi of the Right Army of the Jin Dynasty"), but this post is extremely clever, and the character posture is realistic. The shape of this post is slightly flattened, the knot is elegant and relaxed, and the flavor of the book is quite heavy. Emperor Wu of Liang of the Southern Dynasty once commented that this post is "clever and dense, better than self-transport". As for the original ins and outs of this post, Wang Shengqian, the great-grandson of Wang Youjun, described it very clearly in his "Book Record": "Taifu (Zhong Xuan) "Declaration" inkblot, for Prime Minister Shixing (Wang Dao) Baoai, scattered and embarrassed, still use this table to put clothes and belts. After crossing the river, at the right army, the right army borrowed Wang Xiu. Cultivating death, his mother was in the coffin that her son loved in his life, and he did not pass it on. The one who passed it on was the right army. "Wang Dao is the uncle of Wang Xi's family, and this historical fact is Wang Shengqian's record of family affairs, which is reasonable to be more authentic and reliable.
Although the pen is not as delicate and restrained as the "Declaration", it is quite interesting and interesting, and it is also a good post. Among the "five tables", the most credible is the "Recommended Season Straight Table". This table is not only dotted with Pu Mao, the calligraphy is ancient, there is no book habit after the Jin Dynasty between the lines, and the source is clear, and there is a thread of circulation. "Recommended Season Straight Table" was hidden in the palace in the Tang and Song dynasties, and was successively appreciated by emperors such as Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Ji of Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and Zhao Gou of Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. Later, it fell into the hands of a monk. In the Yuan Dynasty, through the hands of Lu Xingzhi, Yuan Tai and others, it returned to Shen Shitian at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and was restored to the Chinese collection, which was engraved into the famous "True Appreciation Zhai Post". After the transfer to the inner house, at the end of the Ming Dynasty in Wang Shizhen's house, and then into the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong had engraved this post into the "Sanxi Tang Law Post", and inscribed with "supreme divine product", "calligraphy originator" and other words of praise. Later, the watch was tormented several times and tribulated, and finally destroyed at the hands of an ignorant thief. Fortunately, Pei Jingfu, a native of Anhui Province, the collector before the watch was damaged, had taken a photo print. This photograph was later compiled by Wang Zhuanghong into the book "The Grand View of Chinese Law Books and Ink in the Past Dynasties" published by Shanghai Bookstore.
Through the photocopy of the "Recommended Season Straight Table", you can get an overview of the original appearance of the ink, this watch is 12.6 cm high, 44 cm long, a total of 19 lines in small letters, a total of 214 characters. It is the second year of the Huang Dynasty of Emperor Wen of Wei (221 AD), and Zhong Xuan presented it to Cao Pi. It is covered with the collection seals of the past dynasties, which shows how many hands he has handled. Among them, there are the famous Tang Taizong "Zhenguan" seal, Song Huizong "Xuanhe" seal, Song Gaozong "Shaoxing" seal, Qing Gaozong "Qianlong Zhenxiang" seal and Song Dynasty Jia Nidao "Yuesheng" gourd seal and Mi Fu, Xue Shaopeng, Shen Zhou, Wang Shizhen, Gao Shiqi and many other famous calligraphers and painters. "Recommended Season Straight Table" dot painting is elegant, handsome and free, calm and sophisticated. Inherited by Han Li, Qi Tang Kai, "ancient and simple, super wonderful, no Jin, Tang flower arrangement beauty", for "the supreme ancient law book, the world's first wonderful deeds" (Yuan Dynasty Lu Xing Zhiyu). The commentaries really praise it. Zhong Xuan's small Kai is quite different from the later Wang Xizhi's small Kai, the glyph is flattened, rich in the interest of official calligraphy, and looks quaint and simple. The layout is of varying sizes, sparse and natural, although uneven but rigorous, which is very different from the loose and simple artistic style of the Jin Dynasty calligraphers. Therefore, later generations often commented on his works as "quaint". Liu Xizai's "Art Overview, Book Overview" said that "Zhong Xuan is dense, but dense is able to go on horseback." "The great ingenuity of his book is beyond the reach of future generations." "The book is like a holy gentleman, and his appearance is like a fool. Judging from Zhong Xuan's works, these comments are still quite realistic. The characteristic of Zhong Xuan's calligraphy is that it seems to be very simple and simple, but in fact, it is hidden in the middle. This kind of implicit calligraphy style is precisely the "quaint" and "profound" that Zhang Huaiqian often praises, which is the revelation of natural beauty, which is different from the calligraphy style of the two kings, and also reflects some changes in the aesthetic concept from calligraphy to the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The experience of "Recommended Season Straight Table".
"Recommended Ji Zhi Table" is one of the representative works of Zhong Xuan in the period of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, regular script, written in the second year of the early Huang Dynasty, the content is to recommend the performance of Hou Ji Zhi in the old minister Guannei, the full text is 210 words, its glyph is slightly flattened, the dot painting is heavy, the brushwork is clear, mellow and simple, the chapter is scattered, rich in a natural and simple interest. Although the law of this table is not as strict as that of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, it is full of fun and wonderful.
There are many engraved versions of "Recommended Seasons Straight Table", but the version of "True Appreciation Zhaiti" engraved by Wuxi Huashi in the Ming Dynasty is the best, and the other engravings are slightly inferior.
Pro "Recommended Season Straight Table" experience
1. Master the style of the whole post. The number of words in the post is not very much, so before studying, you need to do a good job of reading the post and the festival. Reading the post, that is, the general style of the whole post is clear in mind, "Recommended Season Straight Table" is in the rudimentary form of regular script, the strokes are varied, the knot is flat and there is no definite method, the word spacing of the whole post is tight and the line spacing is sparse, and it is naïve and naïve, and it is beautiful to be clumsy. Festival, is a few words or a few lines in the post to enhance the feel, through the festival to experience the pen on the pen to break the meaning of the connection, in the practice as much as possible to write some of the meaning of the book, Fang Xian word simplicity and clumsy, long-term insistence on reading the post and the festival, the penmanship and knot of the post can reach the beginning of the better.
2. Hold on to the main pen. The main backbone of a word, the "words", "An", "Gui", "Qi", "Su", "thing" and other words in this post are particularly eye-catching, grasp the main pen of these words, and also grasp a tone of this post, that is, horizontal and vertical.
3. Stick to the details and do not loose. Many words in this post are worth playing, such as the word "slightly", the "field" part on the left, with a horizontal hook instead of a horizontal below, the "ten" character in the middle is vertically crossed out to take the oblique type; the horizontal fold and vertical hook of the word "guan", the left hand of the word "Lian" is written thick and powerful, and the original meaning of the word is naturally dissolved; the three-point pen of the word "Jue" and "grant" is broken, looking left and right, and the writing is extremely lively and lovely. When studying, it is necessary to pay attention to the need to be faithful to the original post, not only to understand the main features of the whole post, but also to be meticulous in the subtleties.
4. Chase the Han Dynasty and seek the ancients. Because Zhong Xuan lived in the Three Kingdoms period, which was widely used in official scripts, official scripts became the mainstream of that era. When he innovated to write regular script, he would consciously or unconsciously use some of the penmanship and knots of official script, so that his regular script was simple and ancient. Therefore, when we study this post, we might as well explore the rigorous and plump, simple and flexible inscriptions in Han Lizhong, such as "Zhang Qian Tablet", "Shi Chen Tablet", etc., which are of great benefit to the study of Zhong Xuankaishu.
Zhong Xuan's "Recommended Season Straight Table" is a temporary writing experience
Zhong Xuan (151~230), the character Yuan Chang, was a native of Yingchuan Changshe (now Changgedong, Henan). At the end of the Han Dynasty, filial piety and honesty, the successive officials served in the middle, Shangshu, servants, Tingwei, Taiwei, etc., when Emperor Wei Ming entered the Taifu, and was named the Marquis of Anling, so the descendants called "Zhong Taifu". Zhong Xuan had a great influence on the history of Chinese calligraphy, and he has always been regarded as the ancestor of Chinese regular script. Tang Zhang Huaijin's "Book Break" called him: "The real book is wonderful, but it is too teacher, rigid and soft." Between the dot paintings, there are many strange interests, which can be described as deep and boundless, more than quaint, since Taihan, only one person. ” 。 The representative works of regular script include "Declaration Table", "He Jie Table", "Recommended Season Straight Table", "Force Life Table", "Tomb Field Post" and so on.
"Ji Zhibiao" was written by Zhong Xuan in the second year of the early Wei and Huang dynasties (221 AD). The content is to recommend the performance of the old minister Ji Zhi to Cao Pi, who has been proclaimed emperor. When Ji Zhi was in Guanzhong, he made great contributions to the establishment of the Cao Wei regime. After the dismissal, he was "not enough to eat and drink," and Zhong Xuan said that he was "still strong" and asked that he be given an official and a half-post so that he could continue to serve the country and solve the current difficulties. The author has been studying this post for many years, a little experience, and I wrote it down and asked for advice.
1. Grasp the general tone. We know that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lishu had begun to change from changeable penmanship to standardized neatness. Zhong Xuan is in such an era, and it is inevitable to bear the imprint of the times. Yuan Yuan's "General Treatise on Calligraphers" said: "Since the Han and Wei dynasties, although the books are different, most of them have a subordinate residual style, so their physique is ancient. This post is obviously subordinate, the wave still exists, the body is slightly flattened, the lines are simple, the horizontal length and vertical are short, the structure is natural and elegant, retains the style of the early regular script, rich in a natural and simple meaning, and the atmosphere of simplicity and honesty overflows in the whole article. In this regard, it is completely different from Tang Kai's deliberate embellishment. Lu Xingzhi said: "The "Recommended Season Straight Table" is ancient and simple, super wonderful, and there is no Jin and Tang Dynasty flower arrangement beauties. "Yuan Tai also said: 'Yuan Chang's "Recommended Season Straight Table" is not far from ancient times, it is purely subordinate, not if the descendants are charming, and the delicate state is also. So when we write, the pen should be calm and not sloppy, the font must be leaning up, and the dot painting knot should be as much as possible with more subordinate meanings, and we must not use the Tang method to write Jin Kai. If possible, you can also take a look at Han Li, read the post, and experience the simplicity of Han Li.
2. Structural analysis. Although this post is not deliberately pursued, it is often natural, and it is shaped by words, but in fact, I can still find some regular things from it to guide our practice.
1. The top is loose and the bottom is tight, and the center of gravity is at the bottom, this structure is different from Tang Kai's uprightness, which seems frank and clumsy.