The Battle of Tang to destroy Goguryeo was a war that took place between Goguryeo and Baekje and Tang and Silla in the 7th century, which was divided into the Tang Dynasty defeating Goguryeo and greatly weakening Goguryeo during the Tang Dynasty Taizong period, and the Tang Dynasty weakening Goguryeo and Baekje and defeating Goguryeo and Baekje during the Tang Gaozong period.
After the destruction of Goguryeo, the Tang Dynasty established the Andong Protectorate to manage Goguryeo's hometown. After the Luotang War, Silla once again submitted to the Tang Dynasty for a long time, and the Andong Protectorate moved from Pyongyang to Liaodong, becoming a military and political institution in the Tang Dynasty to administer Liaodong, as well as Goguryeo, Balhae and other places.
In the Tang Dynasty, the main part of Liaodong, the hometown of Goguryeo north and south of the Yalu River, still belonged to the Central Plains Dynasty, and the territory of Silla was still south of the Taedong River and Pyongyang.
Background of the war
The Sui Dynasty suffered a crushing defeat in its conquest of Goguryeo. Goguryeo captured a large amount of supplies and Sui people. The extremely brutal rule of Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty led to a large number of peasant uprisings such as Dou Jiande, Wagangjun, Du Fuwei, Fu Gongqi, Lin Shihong, etc., and the large-scale peasant uprisings caused the collapse of the Sui Dynasty's rule and its existence in name only.
Then, Li Yuan and Li Shimin revolted, gradually defeating the separatist forces, ending the serious division and chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and achieving reunification. During the Zhenguan period, the Tang Dynasty conquered the Eastern Turkic State, the Tuyuhun State, and the Western Regions States, defeated the Xue Yantuo State and the Tubo Kingdom, and the Four Yi surrendered.
As early as the second year of Wude, the Goguryeo monarch Gao Jianwu sent envoys to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty. In the fourth year of Wude, Gao Jianwu once again sent envoys to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty. In the seventh year of Wude, the Tang Dynasty canonized Gao Jianwu as the Shangzhu State, the King of Liaodong County, and the King of Goguryeo. In the fifth year of Zhenguan, the Tang Dynasty sent people to Goguryeo to collect and bury the corpses of the Sui people who died in battle during the Sui Dynasty, and destroyed the Jingguan that Goguryeo used the corpses of the Sui people. Gao Jianwu was afraid that the Tang Dynasty would attack Goguryeo, so he built the Great Wall for more than 1,000 miles, starting from Buyeo in the northeast and reaching the sea in the southwest. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, Gao Jianwu sent his crown prince to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty.
The pro-Tang policy of King Rongliu (Gao Jianwu) of Goguryeo enabled the peaceful and friendly relations between Goguryeo and the Tang Dynasty to be maintained for more than 20 years. However, in the winter and October of the 16th year of Jeongguan (642, the 25th year of King Rongliu of Goguryeo), the Goguryeo minister Quangai Suwen killed King Gao Jianwu, the king of Rongliu, and appointed Gozang, the son of King Daeyang, the younger brother of King Rongliu, as the king, monopolizing the state government, and at the same time sending troops to attack Silla and block the passage of Silla's tribute to the Tang Dynasty. Quangae Suwen undermined the friendly relations established between King Yeryo and the Tang Dynasty, leading to a rapid deterioration in relations between Goguryeo and the Tang Dynasty, which eventually led to the Tang Dynasty's conquest of Goguryeo.
Causes of war
In the early days of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, it adopted a peaceful and friendly foreign policy towards Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla.
In the 17th year of Jeongguan (643), Silla sent an envoy to the court, telling that Baekje had captured more than 40 cities in Silla and united with Goguryeo in an attempt to cut off Silla's path to the court. Begging the Tang Dynasty to send troops to rescue Silla. Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, sent Si Nong's prime minister, Li Xuan, to Goguryeo with an edict ordering Goguryeo and Baekje to stop military operations, otherwise the Tang Dynasty would attack them. Goguryeo did not follow. Goguryeo not only joined forces with Baekje to attack Silla, but also sent envoys to Mobei to instigate the relationship between the Xueyanta Khanate and the Tang Dynasty, which was very likely to counter the Tang Dynasty. Tang Taizong decided to use troops against Goguryeo.
The war passed
Victorious
Li 勣 [jì] (594 - December 31, 669, formerly known as Xu Shixian, the word Maogong, and later given the surname Li, and in order to avoid Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, he went to the word "world", and the single name 勣. A native of Lihu County, Caozhou (now Dongming County, Shandong Province). A famous general from the end of the Sui Dynasty to the beginning of the Tang Dynasty.
Li Tao was born in the Gaoping Northern Ancestor Shangfang Xu Clan, he joined the Wagang Army led by Zhai Rang in his early years, and later followed Li Mi to the Tang Dynasty. In his life, he has lived in the three dynasties of Tang Gaozu, Tang Taizong, and Tang Gaozong, and has won the trust and responsibility of the imperial court. He pacified the Quartet with Taizong, attacked Xue Yantuo twice, and pacified the north of the moraine. Later, he broke through the Eastern Turks and Goguryeo, and became one of the main generals of the Tang Dynasty to expand its territory.
In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan (644), Tang Taizong took Zhang Liang as the general manager of the Pyongyang Provincial March, led 40,000 soldiers from Jiang, Huai, Ling, and Kip, and recruited 3,000 soldiers from Chang'an and Luoyang, and marched to Pyongyang by sea from Laizhou. He also took Li Shiyun (李勣) as the general manager of the march of Liaodong Road, led an army of 60,000, and the Hu people who surrendered from Lan and Hezhou, and marched to Liaodong. Because the number of troops used by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was far less than that used by Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty, and the burden on the people was much smaller than that caused by Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty, when Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty conquered Goguryeo, the people interrupted their hands and feet to avoid the expedition and conscription, but this did not occur when Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty conquered Goguryeo. Tang Taizong said: "Emperor Yang has no way, and when he conquered Liaodong, people interrupted their hands and feet to avoid expeditions and conscription. I am now conquering Goguryeo, all of them are choosing those who are willing to go on the expedition, raising ten to get hundreds, raising hundreds to get thousands, and some people who failed to follow the expedition are all indignant and depressed. ”
In the nineteenth year of Zhenguan (645), Li Shichang led his army to Youzhou. In March, Tang Taizong's car drove to Dingzhou. Tang Taizong personally comforted the sick soldiers and entrusted them to the state and county for treatment. There are many people who do not enlist in advance and voluntarily join the army in private clothes, and they all say, "I don't want to be rewarded by county officials, but I am willing to serve Liaodong!" Tang Taizong did not allow it.
In the summer, in April, Li Shichang (李勣) led his army to cross the Liaoshui from Tongding and reached Xuansu. Goguryeo was so frightened that the cities were shut up. Li Daozong led thousands of soldiers to Xincheng. Zhang Jian led his army across Liaoshui and marched to Jian'an City (now Qingshiling, Gaizhou, Yingkou), defeating Goguryeo soldiers and beheading thousands of ranks. Li Shiqian captured Goguryeo's Gaimu City (now Fushun City, Liaoning) and captured more than 20,000 people and more than 100,000 stone of grain. Zhang Liang led his army to cross the sea from Donglai and attack Beisha City. Cheng Mingzhen led the army to arrive at night, with Wang Dadu as the vanguard. In May, the Tang army captured Beisha City (present-day Daheishan, Jinzhou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province) and captured 8,000 men and women. The detachment manager Qiu Xiaozhong and other Yao soldiers were in Yalu Shui.
Li Shiyun led his army to the outside of Liaodong City. Goguryeo rode 40,000 to save Liaodong City. Li Daozong met the battle with 4,000 cavalry, and Li Shichang also led troops to help Li Daozong and defeated the Goguryeo army. The Tang army beheaded more than 1,000 enemy troops.
Li Shiyun led an army to attack Liaodong City, and Tang Taizong led elite troops to join it. The Tang army captured Liaodong City (now the northeast corner of the old city of Liaoyang in Liaoyang City), killing more than 10,000 enemies, capturing more than 10,000 enemy troops, and capturing 40,000 men and women. Its city is Liaozhou.
The Tang army marched to White Rock City. Li Simo was shot by a crossbow arrow, and Tang Taizong personally sucked blood for him. When the soldiers heard it, there was no one who was not moved. Goguryeo Wugucheng (present-day Bianmen Town, Fengcheng, Liaoning) sent more than 10,000 troops to support Baiyan Fortress. He led 800 cavalry to attack them. He Li personally entered the enemy's position and was stabbed in the waist, Xue Wanbei rescued He Li, he tied up the wound, continued to fight, followed his cavalry to attack hard, defeated the Goguryeo army, chased for dozens of miles, beheaded more than a thousand people, and stopped because the sun set and it was dark.
In June, the Tang army occupied Baiyan City (present-day Xiuyan, Liaoning Province). Take White Rock Castle as the rock state. Gaimu City (now Fushun City, Liaoning) is Gaizhou.
The car drove from Liaodong City and arrived outside Anshi City (now Yingchengzi Town, Haicheng City, Anshan City, Liaoning Province). In the northern part of Goguryeo, Susa Yanshou and Hyejin led 150,000 soldiers from Goguryeo and Jin to save the city of An. Yanshou led his army to a place forty miles away from Anshi City. Tang Taizong ordered Ashina Sheer to lead a thousand Turkic cavalry to lure the enemy, and pretended to retreat as soon as the battle began. The Goguryeo army rushed forward and reached a place eight miles southeast of Anshi City, where they lined up in the mountains. Tang Taizong personally went to the high places with the eldest grandson Wuji and others, as well as hundreds of cavalry, to observe the situation of the mountains and rivers, and the places where the troops could ambush and enter and exit.
Tang Taizong ordered Li Shiqian to lead an army of 15,000 to set up a formation in Xiling, and the eldest grandson Wuji led 11,000 elite soldiers as a surprise soldier to attack the enemy's rear from the narrow valley in the north of the mountain. Tang Taizong personally led an army of 4,000, carrying drums and horns, and banners, climbing the North Mountain, and ordering all armies to attack together when they heard the sound of drums and horns. Yanshou saw Li Shiyun arranging a formation, and he formed a formation to fight. Tang Taizong saw that the eldest grandson Wuji's army was in the dust, and ordered to make drums and horns, raise banners, and all the armies were clamoring to march together, and Yanshou and others were afraid and wanted to divide their troops to resist. Tang general Xue Rengui shouted and rushed into the Goguryeo army formation, invincible. The Tang army attacked, and the Goguryeo army was defeated.
The Tang army beheaded more than 20,000 ranks. (Usually the number of kills is much higher than the number of beheadings, for example, in the Battle of Pyongyang, the Ming army beheaded 800 hundred, but Konishi's 1st Army lost more than 10,000.) Yanshou and others led the remaining army to consolidate themselves in the mountains. Tang Taizong ordered the troops to surround it. The eldest grandson, Wuji, withdrew the bridge and cut off the return route of the Goguryeo army. Yanshou and Huizhen led 36,800 people to surrender, entered the army, walked forward on their knees, and bowed for their lives. Tang Taizong elected 3,500 people from Nisa and his subordinate chiefs, moved to the interior, and released the others and let them return to Pyongyang, they all raised their hands and shook their heads, and the cheers spread dozens of miles away. In addition, 50,000 horses, 50,000 cattle, more than 10,000 iron armor, and a large number of other weapons were captured in this battle. The whole country of Goguryeo was very shocked and frightened, and the Goguryeo people in Houhuangcheng and Yincheng abandoned the city and fled by themselves, and there was no human population for hundreds of miles.
In September, the Don army began to besiege the city of Anshi. Due to the desperate resistance of the defenders, the Tang army was unable to conquer it. It was nearly late autumn, and Tang Taizong returned to the court because the local area became cold early, the grass was dry and frozen, the horses were difficult to stay for a long time, and the food was about to run out.
Tang Taizong is a calm class teacher. When the class was in the class, Tang Taizong also showed his troops under the city of Anshi, the people of Anshi City could not be traced, the city lord of Anshi went to the city to pay respects, Tang Taizong appreciated the perseverance and loyalty of the city lord of Anshi, and gave the city lord of Anshi a hundred horses. Later, on the way back, Tang Taizong heard that the prince was coming, and in order to see the prince as soon as possible, Tang Taizong also rode a horse and galloped, in this case, he rode a horse and galloped, which shows that in the process of conquering Goguryeo and the class teacher, Tang Taizong was obviously not injured.
Tang Taizong regretted that he did not succeed because he did not conquer Goguryeo, but the achievements and gains of the Tang Dynasty far outweighed the losses and consumption. In fact, this expedition was the victory of Tang Taizong and the Tang army. This time, Tang Taizong conquered Goguryeo, captured the ten cities of Xuansu, Hengshan, Gaimu, Momi, Liaodong, Baiyan, Beisha, Maigu, Yinshan, and Houhuang, and migrated 70,000 people from Liao, Gai, and Yan to China. (When Tang Taizong personally conquered Goguryeo, the Tang army won many great victories, including the time when the 150,000 troops of Goguryeo's Gao Yanshou and Gao Hyejin were eliminated, and the Tang army also captured 50,000 horses, 50,000 cattle, 10,000 ironclad collars, and a large number of other equipment.) Tang Taizong personally conquered Goguryeo, and the Tang Dynasty's gains far outweighed the losses.
Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty personally conquered Goguryeo, conquered ten cities, and occupied a large area of land in eastern Liaodong. Previously, Liaodong was occupied by Goguryeo for more than 200 years, and Liaodong was a strategic location and an important economic support point for Goguryeo. From then on, the Tang Dynasty drove a heavy wedge in the Liaodong region, establishing a solid outpost position for future military conquests against Goguryeo. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty personally conquered Goguryeo and annihilated a large number of the living forces of the Goguryeo army, and the elite troops of the Goguryeo army suffered almost a devastating blow. Moreover, this expedition caused a sharp decline in the population of Goguryeo, and the social productive forces of Goguryeo were seriously damaged, and the national strength declined.
In February of the 21st year of Zhenguan (647), Tang Taizong decided to send troops to attack Goguryeo. The court believed that Goguryeo was a city with mountains and was easy to defend and difficult to attack, so it should send a partial division to attack and harass, so that its people would be tired of coping with it, and delay the agricultural time, and after a few years, Goguryeo would collapse due to food shortage. Tang Taizong adopted this suggestion. In March, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Niu Jinda and Li Tao to lead an army to harass Goguryeo by land and water.
In the twenty-first year of Zhenguan (647), Taizong ordered Niu Jinda, Li Tao, and Li Haihai to lead an army to harass Goguryeo by land and water. Li Tao led his army across the Liaoshui, passing through several cities such as Nansu, and the Goguryeo soldiers fought with their backs against the city walls, and Li Tao defeated them and burned their outer cities before returning to the division. Niu Jinda and Li Haihai led their troops into the territory of Goguryeo, experienced more than 100 battles, were invincible, and conquered Shicheng (now the ancient city of Ershan, fifty miles northwest of Zhuanghe City, Liaoning). When they marched to Jili City (present-day Beidelisi Town, Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province), more than 10,000 Goryeo soldiers went out of the city to meet them, and Li Haihai defeated them and beheaded them by 2,000 people (usually the number of kills was much higher than the number of beheadings). In December, the king of Goguryeo asked his son Mo to leave the branch of Gao Renwu to apologize.
Baekje and Silla also participated in the war between Tang and Goguryeo, and Baekje conquered 13 cities in Silla.
In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (648), Gu Shengan led the Tang army to cross the sea to attack Goguryeo, and encountered 5,000 infantry and cavalry of the Goguryeo army, and the Tang army defeated them at Yishan. That night, more than 10,000 Goguryeo troops attacked the ship of the ancient gods, and were again defeated by the ancient gods. Xue Wanche led the Tang army across Yalu and arrived at Bozhuocheng (north of present-day Dandong City, Liaoning Province), the Goguryeo people were frightened, abandoned their residence and fled, and the great chieftain Sofu Sun resisted, Xue Wanche beheaded Sofu Sun, and broke 30,000 Goguryeo reinforcements.
Cut off the wings
Tang Gaozong period. In the fifth year of Yonghui (654), Angu led the Goguryeo army and the Jin soldiers to attack the Khitan, and the Tang Dynasty's Songmo Governor Li Guge defeated them in Xincheng. In the 6th year of Yonghui (655), Goguryeo invaded Silla with a joint army of Baekje and Yeong, and the king of Silla, Kim Chunqiu, sent an envoy to Tang for help. In the summer, in May, Cheng Mingzhen and others crossed the Liaoshui, and Goguryeo saw that the army of Cheng Mingzhen and others was small, so they opened the door and crossed the Guiduanshui to meet the battle, and Cheng Mingzhen and others attacked hard, defeated the Goguryeo army, killed more than 1,000 people, burned the enemy's outer cities and villages and returned. In June of the third year of Xianqing (658), Cheng Mingzhen, the governor of Yingzhou and the protector of Dongyidu, and Xue Rengui, the general of the right leading army, attacked Chifeng Town of Goryeo (now the east of Fushun City, Liaoning), pulled it out, beheaded more than 400 people, and captured more than 100 people. Goryeo sent his general Doufang Lou Shuai 30,000 people to refuse, Mingzhen used Khitan soldiers to meet the attack, defeated the Goguryeo army, beheaded 2,500 ranks, and in the fourth year of Xianqing (659), Tang You's leading Zhonglang general Xue Rengui defeated the Goguryeo general Wenshamen at Hengshan.
In the fifth year of Hyeongyeong (660), Baekje invaded Silla many times with the aid of Goguryeo, and the king of Silla, Chunqiu, asked for help from the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty took Su Dingfang, the general of Zuo Wuwei, as the general of the march of Shenqiu Road, and led Liu Boying, the general of Zuo Xiaowei, and other 100,000 troops by land and water to attack Baekje. With King Chunqiu of Silla as the head of the march of the Shengyi Road, he led the people of Silla. Su Dingfang led the Tang army to cross the sea from Chengshan, and Baekje took the Xiongjin River estuary to resist the Tang army. Su Dingfang led the Tang army to break the Baekje army, and thousands of Baekje people died, and the rest fled. Su Dingfang commanded the Tang army to advance by land and water, and marched directly to the capital of Baekje. Baekje is coming to war. The Tang army defeated the Baekje army, killed more than 10,000 people, and destroyed Baekje, and the Baekje king Yici and the prince Long, the second son, and all the cities surrendered to the Tang army. Baekje has five departments, 37 counties, 200 cities, and 760,000 households, and the Tang Dynasty set up five prefectures in Baekje, including Xiongjin.
Tang Dynasty
In December of the fifth year of Xianqing (660), the Tang Dynasty sent Qi Bi He Li, Su Dingfang, Liu Boying, and Cheng Mingzhen to lead their armies to attack Goguryeo.
In the first year of Longshuo (661), the Tang Dynasty recruited soldiers from 67 states in the north and south of the river and Huainan, with more than 44,000 people, and went to Pyongyang and Fangfang to camp. With Hongluqing Xiao Siye as the head of the march of the Fuyu Road, he led the Hui and other troops to Pyongyang.
At the beginning, Su Dingfang leveled Baekje, leaving the Lang general Liu Ren willing to guard the Baekje fortress, and the left guard Zhonglang made Wang Wendu the governor of Xiongjin. Wang Wendu died while crossing the sea. The Baekje monk Daochen and the old general Fuxin gathered people to defend the city of Zhou, ushered in the original prince Feng Lizhi from the Wa Kingdom, and led the army to surround Liu Renyuan in the capital city. Tang Gaozong issued an edict appointing Liu Renliang to inspect the school with Fangzhou Assassin History, command Wang Wendu's army, and by the way, levy Silla soldiers to aid Liu Renyuan. Liu Renliang's imperial army was tightly organized, and all the attacks were successfully defeated. Baekje erected two fences at the mouth of the Xiongjin River, and Yoo In-gyon led his army to attack with the Silla soldiers, breaking through them, killing and drowning more than 10,000 enemies. Daochen and others lifted the siege of Fucheng and retreated to Rencun City. Silla ran out of food and returned. Daochen proclaimed himself the leading general, and Fuxin called himself General Shuangcen, recruiting disciples and gaining more and more power. Liu Ren has few soldiers, and he is willing to join the army with Liu Ren and rest the soldiers. Tang Gaozong issued an edict to Silla to send troops, and the Silla king Chunqiu sent his general Jin Qin to command the army to aid Liu Renliang. Arriving at Gusi, Fushin volleyed and defeated Jin Chin. Kim Chin returned to Silla.
Tang Gaozong sent Ren Yaxiang, Qi Bi He Li, Su Dingfang, and Xiao Siye to lead the army to divide the land and water. In July, Su Dingfang defeated Goguryeo at the Hungang River, won several battles, and besieged the city of Pyongyang. In September, Qi Bi He Li arrived at Yalu Water, and Mo Lizhi boys defended it with tens of thousands of elite soldiers. After the arrival of Qibi He Li, just in time for the ice Dahe, Qibi He Li led the army to cross the water by ice, defeated the Goguryeo army, beheaded the Goguryeo army of 30,000 ranks, and the rest surrendered to the Tang army, and the boy fled back alone.
In the second year of Longshuo (662), Pang Hyo-tae and Goguryeo fought on the Snake Water, were defeated, and all thirteen of his sons were killed in battle. On the other hand, Su Dingfang surrounded Pyongyang but did not take it, and encountered heavy snowfall, broke the siege and returned. Yoo In-won, the governor of Xiongjin, and Yoo In-gau, the assassin of Bangju, broke through Baekje in the east of Xiongjin: Yoo In-ghan and Yoo In-gyon first captured Baekje's Jiro Fortress and Yinseong, Daesan, Shajing, etc., killed and captured many enemy troops, and divided their troops to defend it; Baekje increased his army to defend the dangerous Jinhyeon Fortress; and then Yoo In-gyon still captured Jinhyeon Fortress and opened up the road for transporting grain to Silla. Liu Ren is willing to play and ask for more soldiers. Seven thousand soldiers from Zi, Qing, Lai, and Hai went to Xiongjin. The king of Baekje sent envoys to Goguryeo and the Wa Kingdom (Japan) to ask for reinforcements to resist the Tang army.
In the third year of Yongshuo (663), Baekje and Japan aided Goguryeo. Sun Inshi, Yoo In-won, and King Famin of Silla led the army forward without encountering the Japanese army. Liu Renliang led the navy and grain ships from Xiongjin into the Baijiang River, and met the Japanese army at the mouth of the Baijiang River. Liu Renliang commanded the Tang Army to defeat the Japanese army four times, burning 400 Japanese ships, "the smoke and flames scorched the sky, and the sea was red." Baekje Wang Feng fled to Goguryeo, and the princes Chungsheng and Chungzhi led the people to surrender, and Baekje was all pacified, leaving only Ren Cuncheng uncaptured by the Tang army. Hei Tooth Changzhi surrendered to the Tang army. Soon after, the Tang army captured the city of Rencun.
The Tang Dynasty conquered Baekje, depriving Goguryeo of a military ally. The Goguryeo flank was completely exposed to direct attacks from the Tang Dynasty, and the Goguryeo flank also lost its strategic defensive barrier.
In the second year of Lin De (665), the Goguryeo prince Funan came to the Tang Dynasty to serve at the temple.
In the first year of Qianfeng (666), Goguryeo Quangai Suwen died, and the eldest son, Quan Nan Nan, succeeded Mo Lizhi, went out on patrol, and assigned his younger brother Quan Nanjian and Quan Nan to stay behind to govern the country's political affairs. Quan Nanjian took the opportunity to gain the country, and he left his own branch and sent troops to crusade against Quan Nanjian. The boy escaped and stationed in another city, so that his son Quan Xiancheng went to the Tang Dynasty for help. In June, Ren Yin (the seventh day of the first month), the Tang Dynasty appointed Qi He Li, the general of the Right Xiaowei, as the pacification ambassador of Liaodong Province and led the troops to save the Quan's boys, and appointed Quan Xiancheng as the general of the Right Wuwei as a guide. He also appointed Pang Tongshan, the general of the Right Jin Wuwei, and Gao Kan, the governor of Yingzhou, as the head of the march to jointly crusade against Goguryeo.
In September, Pang Tongshan defeated the Goguryeo army, and Quan boys led his troops to join Pang Tongshan. Tang Gaozong issued an edict appointing Quan Nannan as the governor of Tejin and Liaodong, and the pacification ambassador of Pyongyang Province, and the title of Xuansu County Duke. In the winter, in December, the Tang Dynasty appointed Li Tao as the general governor of the Liaodong Provincial March, and Hao Chujun, a native of the Lu dynasty of Si Lie, Chang Bo'an, as the deputy chief of the army, to attack Goguryeo. Pang Tongshan and Qi He Li were both in charge of the Liaodong Provincial Marching Army and still concurrently pacifying ambassadors; the commanders of the land and water armies and the grain transporters Dou Yiji, Dugu Qingyun, and Guo Beifeng were all under the command of Li Tao.
The War of Annihilation
The Tang Dynasty launched continuous military attacks on Goguryeo, constantly disintegrating the foundation of Goguryeo. The Tang Dynasty's frequent attacks on Goguryeo laid the foundation for the eventual destruction of Goguryeo.
In the second year of Qianfeng (667), Li Tao captured Xincheng (now Gaoershan City, Fushun, Liaoning), and left the city to defend the city. Goguryeo's 150,000 troops were stationed in Liaoshui, and Goguryeo still had tens of thousands of soldiers guarding the southern Soviet city. He Li commanded the Tang army to attack, defeated the enemy, beheaded more than 10,000 ranks, and captured seven cities by victory. So he led the army back to join Li Tao and captured the two cities of Huyi and Daxing together. Conquer Buyeo. Yi Tao captured 16 cities of Goguryeo. Quan Nanjian sent troops to attack the Tang army's Pang Tongshan and Gao Kan's military camp in Xincheng, but was broken by the Tang army's Xue Rengui. Gao Kan marched to Jinshan (in present-day Changtuxi, Liaoning), and fought with Goguryeo, unfavorable, Xue Rengui led the Tang army to attack, defeated the Goguryeo army, beheaded more than 50,000 ranks, captured the three cities of Nansu (now the intersection of the Suzi River and the Hunhe River in Fushun, Liaoning), Mudi (now Ximuqi Town, Xinbin, Liaoning), and Cangyan (now the western border of Ji'an, Jilin), and joined the Quanboy Army.
In February of the first year of the general chapter (668), Xue Rengui led 3,000 people to defeat the Goguryeo army, killed more than 10,000 people, captured Buyeo City (now Siping, Liaoning), and more than 40 cities in Fuyeo Sichuan surrendered. Quan Nanjian again sent 50,000 troops to rescue Fuyu City, and encountered Li Tao's army in Xue Heshui (also known as Sahe Shui, that is, Zhaojiagou River in the east and west of Danxi, Liaoning), and the Tang army broke the Goguryeo army, captured more than 30,000 people, and captured Daxing City (now Niangniang City, Dandong, Xinan, Liaoning).
The Tang armies of all roads joined forces and advanced to Yalu Gate. Goguryeo sent troops to resist the battle, and the Tang army attacked bravely, broke the Goguryeo army, chased more than 200 miles, and captured Chenyi City. The defenders of the other cities of Goguryeo either fled or surrendered. The Tang army marched under the city of Pyongyang and besieged Pyongyang for more than a month, and in September, the Goguryeo king Gozang sent Quan to lead 98 people and surrender to the Tang army with white flags. Quan Nanjian still refused to defend behind closed doors, and sent troops to fight many times, but they were all defeated by the Tang army. Five days later, Xincheng opened the city gate, and the Tang army captured Pyongyang, captured Gozang, Quan Nanjian and others, and pacified all parts of Goguryeo. In this way, Goguryeo finally perished under the attack of the Tang.
The outcome of the war
The Tang Dynasty defeated Goguryeo many times, and finally defeated Goguryeo.
After conquering Goguryeo, the Tang Dynasty on the one hand moved a large number of Goguryeo people to the south of the Jiang and Huai Zhi, and on the other hand, set up nine prefectures, 42 prefectures, and 100 counties in Goguryeo, and set up the Andong Protectorate to rule all parts of Goguryeo. The meritorious people of the chieftain were selected as governors, assassins, and county commanders, and they managed the local area together with Chinese officials. Xue Rengui, the general of the Right Weiwei, was appointed as the protector of Andong and led 20,000 troops to pacify him.
War Evaluation
Yang Xiuzu's "Research on the Goguryeo Army and War": Goguryeo was founded in the second year of Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty (37 BC), and perished in the first year of Gaozong Zongzhang (668) in the Zhongjing Xinmang period, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty.
Yang Xiuzu's "Research on the Goguryeo Army and War": The Goguryeo regime had a strong and heroic army, complete in arms, well-equipped, advanced in military theory and tactical thinking, and complete in defensive means, which became a powerful military pillar of the Goguryeo regime. However, it encountered the more powerful Tang army, which wiped out the Goguryeo army through many great victories.
Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty "Du Liao Shui": The mirror shadow shines on the dragon, and the bridge and mountain show the whirlwind. After Ning Tongzhen's view, he opened the edge.
War Impact
The Tang Dynasty's military strikes brought disaster to Goguryeo. During the war, a large number of Goguryeo's cities and villages were occupied or destroyed in the war; the Goguryeo army suffered heavy casualties, the elite was exhausted, and the army's combat effectiveness was seriously weakened; a large number of civilians died or scattered in all directions without escaping the war, the countryside was barren, and the social productive forces suffered serious damage, which seriously shook and gradually disintegrated the foundation of the Goguryeo regime, and Goguryeo had a difficult situation of withering national strength and social turmoil, which directly damaged the national foundation of Goguryeo.
After Tang Ping Goguryeo, it was divided into nine prefectures, 42 prefectures, and 100 counties, and set up the Andong Metropolitan Protectorate in Pyongyang to unify it, and appointed Xue Rengui, the general of the Right Weiwei, as the inspector of the Andong Metropolitan Protector, and led 20,000 troops to guard its place.
After the destruction of Goguryeo, Silla fought several battles with the Tang Dynasty and was defeated many times by the Tang Dynasty's Li Jinxing and Liu In-rail, and finally Silla remained a vassal to the Tang Dynasty for a long time. The south of the Taedong River and Pyongyang was the territory of Silla, and the north of the Taedong River and Pyongyang was the territory of the Tang Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, the main part of Liaodong, the hometown of Goguryeo north and south of the Yalu River, still belonged to the Central Plains Dynasty, and the territory of Silla was still south of the Taedong River and Pyongyang.
Territory of Goguryeo at its peak
The first capital of Goguryeo was in Huanren, Benxi, Liaoning, and the city of Honseong (peacetime) and Wunusan (wartime)
Xue Rengui (614 - March 24, 683), a famous gift, the word Rengui. He is a native of Xiu Village, Longmen County, Jiangzhou, Hedong Province (now Xiu Village, Hejin City, Shanxi). A famous general in the early years of the Tang Dynasty in China, the sixth grandson of Xue Andu, the king of Hedong in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Xue Rengui was born in the ancestral house of Xue's south in Hedong, but his family was poor when he was young, and he was recruited into the army in the last years of Zhenguan, and followed Tang Taizong to conquer Goguryeo. Taizong praised his courage and called him a guerrilla general and Guoyi of Yunquan Mansion. Later, he was promoted to the right to lead the army and guard the Xuanwu Gate. After two attacks on Goguryeo, and broke the Khitan in Montenegro. Xue Rengui fought for more than 20 years, defeated the nine surnamed Tiele, surrendered Goguryeo, defeated the Turks, and made outstanding achievements, leaving allusions such as "good strategy to rest and fight", "three arrows to determine Tianshan", "brave to collect Liaodong", "benevolent government of Goguryeo", "love the people of Xiangzhou City", "take off the hat and retreat from all enemies" and other allusions. His deeds are widely circulated among the people, and literary works such as "Xue Rengui Returns to His Hometown in Clothes" and "Xue Rengui's Expedition to the East" have been derived.
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