One
History never shies away from accidents, and many accidents often determine and influence the final direction of history.
Perhaps it is the providence in the dark, the year 200 A.D. is destined to be an extraordinary and accidental year. That year, the sky at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty exploded with two thunders.
One is: the battle of Guandu between the two heroes Cao Cao and Yuan Shao officially began. Unexpectedly, Cao Cao, who was originally weak, beat Yuan Shao in the black nest and lost his armor and fled in embarrassment. In this battle, Cao Cao wrote the most glorious page of his military career with superhuman courage and outstanding wisdom, and set the most classic example in Chinese history of winning more with less with unyielding confidence and indomitable faith. This battle cleared the biggest obstacle and found the best opportunity for Cao Cao to conquer the Central Plains and unify northern China.
Another voice is: On May 4th, Sun Ce, the 26-year-old young master of Jiangdong who had the reputation of "Little Overlord", was hunting in Dantu Mountain single-handedly, and was suddenly surrounded and suppressed by Xu Gong's descendants and doormen.
Like many eloquent emperors in history, when history chooses him (her), he (she) is destined to hand over a turbulent time, a chaotic mountains and rivers, and a tragic song of the world to him, so that he can show his wisdom in the face of the world, firmly hegemonic in the face of the heroes, and plan for peace in the face of the people. An ancient Chinese history is, to a large extent, a history of the emperor's personal conquest, a chronicle of actions, and a history of merit and demerit judgment.
Standing at the front desk of Soochow, the sword and sword in Sun Quan's eyes seemed to be yesterday. The feats of his father Sun Jian and his brother Sun Ce galloping across the field to lay the foundation of Jiangdong are like a long scroll of ups and downs, entering the heavy pages of the book where he once tossed and turned, and into his affectionate memories of the past years.
Born in the troubled times and the county family, it is very necessary to have a little mystery on your body. This is not only a man-made factor, but also a need to create a god-making layout. According to the record of "Sou Shen Ji", it is said that when Sun Quan's mother, Mrs. Wu, was pregnant with her brother Sun Ce, she dreamed of the moon flying into her arms, and when she was pregnant with Sun Quan, she dreamed of the sun in her arms. His father, Sun Jian, was overjoyed when he heard this, and concluded that "the sun and the moon are the essence of yin and yang, and a symbol of extreme wealth", and these two sons will be the pillars of the country and the pillar of Jiangdong in the future. Regarding this record, the folklore that circulated in the hometown can just fill in the gaps and prove this.
Sure enough, the will of heaven cannot be violated, and fate cannot be escaped. The fate of the moon god and the sun god was magically fulfilled in the Sun family.
Sun Ce, who embraced the moon in his arms, died young because the yin energy of the moon god was too heavy. Thinking of his brother who was already in the kingdom of heaven, Sun Ce's great achievements often made Sun Quan's tears hazy, and he couldn't let go of it for a long time. In his brother's short and brilliant life resume, as a famous general of the Three Kingdoms and the overlord of Jiangdong, every step he takes can be described as generous, magnificent, and large-scale.
When he tearfully took over the handsome seal from his father Sun Jian, Sun Ce did not hesitate and wait, and with his extraordinary sobriety and perseverance, he maintained the mission of inheriting his father's legacy and further expanding the territory in the operation of the six strategies:
He led his troops to defeat the Yellow Turban Rebel Army, not only defending the so-called "justice" for which he was famous, but also drawing a new baseline for his own sphere of influence in the south of the Yangtze River; developing and strengthening the armed forces with Huiji as his base camp, not only defeating strong enemies such as Lu Bu, but also finding new masters for the people of Huiji; forming an alliance fleet with Lu Meng, Zhou Yu, and others to go to the battle of Moling, which not only gave the world a taste of the terrifying demeanor of the later generations, but also made a new coordinate for becoming famous in the first battle; attacking Liu Biao, The raid on Liu Xuan not only avenged the shame of killing his father, but also took Jiangxia into his pocket and took the new territory; the occupation of Jiangdong and the establishment of the Soochow base not only laid a solid rear but also opened a new chapter in the local separatist regime.
With these six points, the little overlord Sun Ce can definitely go down in history, and he is definitely an indispensable soul figure before the founding of the Eastern Wu Dynasty.
And Sun Quan, who embraced the sun into his arms, did not live up to the high hopes of the sun god, not only when he was born, his eyes were bright, his appearance was wonderful, but also when he was young, he was very intelligent.
A thousand years later, even Luo Guanzhong, who cherishes words like gold, praised Sun Quan when he wrote "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", praising him for his "blue eyes and purple hair, and a dignified appearance". It can be seen that the historical data is not deceiving, the records are trustworthy, Sun Quan was indeed dignified and extraordinary in appearance when he was young, and he had the appearance of an emperor in his bones.
In the past, there was no room for much thought, life still had to go on, and the foundation of Jiangdong had to be kept and grown. Faced with a messy present, in the face of today's troubled and complicated cuts, Sun Quan forgot to think, leaving only the thoughts of conquest entangled and hurting each other.
In the drizzle, Sun Quan came to the Yangtze River alone, watching the turbid waves surging layer by layer, looking at the surging river flowing from front to the east, the majestic wind of the Yangtze River suddenly made him feel like a conqueror. The highlight moment of Sun Quan starts with this feeling.
Two
When he first took charge of Jiangdong, Sun Quan's first face was how to stabilize this land where he lived. Since Jiang Dong had just been taken into Sun Ce's pocket, and his brother died suddenly, the situation was even more turbulent.
Judging from the people's return to obedience, it is difficult for the local people and the people who live in the guest to stay with one heart and one mind in a short period of time, and there are not a few people who have different intentions and take the opportunity to turn the tables; especially in Yuzhang and Huiji under their rule, the foundation is not stable, the people are panicked, and tens of thousands of Shanyue are waiting for an opportunity to make trouble.
From within the family, his cousin and Luling Taishou Sun Fu rebelled against Cao Cao and took away a handful of men and horses; his cousin and Dingwu Zhonglang sent Sun Wei's soldiers to Huiji, and the seizure of power within the clan was unsuccessful after mediation; Lujiang Taishou Li Shu refused to accept Sun Quan and recruited troops and horses to openly rebel; Sun Yi, the Danyang Taishou within the clan, and Sun He, an important minister of the clan, were both murdered by the generals around them.
Judging from the external environment, the Eastern Han Dynasty court was dim and powerless, and could not help it, so it could only be left to fend for itself; Cao Cao had coveted Jiangdong for a long time, and he had already coveted this piece of fat at his mouth, and Sun Quan could find an excuse for Cao Cao to get involved if he was a little careless in his strategic choice; although Liu Bei temporarily sent people to live in a corner, the ambition of recovering the great cause of recovering the Han dynasty flowing in his veins did not stop for a moment.
In the face of such chaos and problems, the unique foresight of the emperor and the courage of a general played the role of a fixed star. The young Sun Quan is planning a big chess game that is strategized and won thousands of miles away.
Relying on the good reputation and many connections established by following his father and brother in the army, relying on the pivotal position of Zhang Zhao, a long-term historian who was entrusted by his brother and loyal to the Sun family all his life, and relying on the Wen Taowu strategy of Zhou Yu, Sun Ce's childhood friend and important adviser known as "the world's heroes and the beautiful husband of Jiangzuo", formed a three-person political alliance and military center to implement the counterinsurgency and pacification plan.
The first person Sun Quan Jianfeng refers to is Lujiang Taishou Li Shu. Li Shu had received Sun Ce's favor and appreciation, and Sun Ce had appointed him as the Taishou of Lujiang before his death. It stands to reason that he should be grateful to the Sun family, but his short-sightedness and recklessness determined that he would eventually break his promise and embark on the road of no return.
How to kill Li Shu, Sun Quan did his homework. On the one hand, he created a public opinion momentum on the Avenue of Righteousness and Reason, and won the understanding and support of the imperial court and the military and the people under his rule; on the other hand, he secretly reported Li Shu's evil deeds such as violating the Han system, being unscrupulous, and brutalizing the state secretary to Cao Cao, and cut off his possible way to seek help from Cao. At that time, Cao Cao was worried about the fact that his henchman, Yangzhou assassin Yan Xiang, was killed by Li Shu, so he watched from the wall and let him kill each other.
When Sun Quan's crusade army arrived in Anhui City, where Li Shu was located, Li Shu knew that Tianli and morality were not on his side, so he adopted the delaying tactic of closing the door and calling for help from Cao Cao. Soon, the food in the city ran out, and Li Shu did not wait for Cao Cao's rescue, and finally Sun Quan slaughtered the city of Anhui, beheaded Li Shu, and moved more than 30,000 of his troops to Jiangdong to settle in many places.
Subsequently, the counterinsurgency army made more efforts to instigate and participate in the clan rebellion, and the Shanyue people with dissenting intentions finally paid a heavy price for their stupidity and disloyalty. Within a short period of time, they were either eliminated at designated points or incorporated and reformed.
After this political serial chess piece landed, it was really loud and powerful, and while shocking the government and the opposition and Cao Liu, the chaotic situation in Jiangdong quickly improved, and there was also a wave of small upsurge in the conversion of people's hearts. A young man who was not from the limelight, after this change and took advantage of the situation, instantly grew into a political and military leader who could not be underestimated, and a new political star in Jiangdong rose up.
With a smooth start and good results, the balance of fate tilted in favor of Sun Quan. Sun Quan judged the situation and threw his second chess piece without hesitation: opening the door to accept advice, recruiting talents, forming a strategic and tactical decision-making command center, and compiling a grand blueprint for Jiangdong in terms of long-term planning.
History favors people with hearts, promising people, good policies for repairing government and reassuring the people, assisted by talents from all over the world, and loyal and brave people working hard. These foundations, developments, and growth have led Sun Quan to a higher level.
At this time, in the warm spring breeze, Sun Quan came to the Yangtze River, looked at the still turbid waves, looked at the mountains stretching on both sides, thinking about everything he had just experienced, what he found at this time was no longer the feeling of a conqueror, he wanted to rely on the Yangtze River moat, the charm of the rear, to fight for the world that belonged to the emperor.
Three
History stresses truth, but historical truth and real history are often two different things, historical truth talks about context, and real history talks about process.
Sun Quan's two chess pieces that had fallen were immediate and extraordinary, and he began to throw out the third blockbuster chess piece: relying on the factors of the right time, place and people, singing the heroic song of the three steps of the founding of the country, forming a political and military group with himself as the core, and blazing a unique path in the practical outlook and methodology of the founding of the country.
This time, Sun Quan's focus was on the great warlord and Huang Zu, the then Jiangxia Taishou. Huang Zu was a subordinate of Mu Liu Biao of Jingzhou, entrenched in Jiangxia for 18 years, and was known as the "King of Jiangxia" when he was stationed in Xiakou (now Wuhan).
His feud with the Sun family began with Sun Jian, when he fought with Sun Jian, the Taishou of Changsha, although Huang Zu was defeated and fled to the Da Xian Mountain, but his subordinates shot Sun Jian who came to pursue, and since then he has formed a deep blood feud with the Sun family; The painful defeat of the two broken feathers made him hate the Sun family to the core, and he also prevented it even more.
After Jiangdong rang Sun Quan's time, Huang Zu faced off against him three times. For the first time, Sun Quan won a small victory, only defeated Huang Zu's army, and captured several of Huang Zu's generals, but could not break through the city and hurt his vitality; the most unexpectedly for Sun Quan, the rear Shanyue took advantage of the emptiness of Jiangdong to set off a riot, and the army had to turn its guns and hurriedly come back to quell the rebellion. Cao Cao, who was watching the fire from the other side, took the opportunity to rob and sent the general Zhang Liao to attack Jingzhou and bring several fat counties in Jiangxia County under his command.
The second time, Sun Quan went west to conquer Huang out of strategic needs. At that time, the rear rebellion triggered by the First Western Expedition lasted three years before it was quelled. The Sun Quan group, which has just improved, is facing the double test of stability and radicalism, and is at a crossroads of hesitation. The biggest gain on the battlefield was to rob some of the people under Huang Zu's rule, and tactically completed the major task assigned by Cao Cao to contain Liu Biao, which not only allowed Cao Cao to see the positive performance of his vassals, but also won a respite for the recovery of Jiangdong.
In the spring of 208 A.D., after the harsh winter baptism, Koto gradually regained its vitality. Sun Quan began the war against Huangzu three times. In this expedition, Zhou Yu, Lü Meng, Lingtong and other famous generals all went to the front line, and after fierce offensive and defensive battles, Huang Zu did not usher in the protection of the god of luck, and was finally killed by Sun Quan. The battle of Sun Huang, which lasted five years, ended with Sun Quan's complete victory.
At the same time that Sun Quan had achieved a major victory in Huang, Cao Cao marched south and defeated Liu Bei, the pastor of Yuzhou. After Cao Cao occupied Jiangling, he sent a special letter to Sun Quan, intending to take Eastern Wu.
In the face of the sudden doom, the main battle within Soochow and the two factions of the main peace clashed. Zhang Zhao, an important minister of the main war, believed that Eastern Wu was still weak enough to fight Cao Cao, who was under the banner of the Han Dynasty, and that it was the best policy to value peace and surrender to the imperial court; Lu Su and Zhou Yu, who were in charge of the main battle, believed that peace could not be exchanged for peace, but would only fuel Cao Cao's ambitions, and the war might usher in an opportunity for Eastern Wu.
And Sun Quan understood the deep meaning and far-sightedness of Lu Su and Zhou Yu, and was trying to take advantage of the situation and intend to fight Cao Cao. So he decisively decided to send Lu Su to discuss an alliance with Liu Bei and unite Liu Bei and Cao Cao for a decisive battle. At this time, Liu Bei also extended an olive branch and sent the famous Zhuge Liang to Dongwu to discuss with Lu Su the plan to resist Cao. The famous "Battle of Red Cliffs" in Chinese history and the most influential of the Three Kingdoms period is about to come out.
Regarding the Battle of Chibi, the historical books are very detailed, and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has added many exaggerated and fictional literary elements.
Objectively speaking, this large-scale asymmetrical battle in history has refreshed people's cognition, and reproduced the classic story of Cao Cao in the Battle of Guandu, which won more with less and stronger with the weak.
After the war, Cao Cao's strength decreased sharply, and he did not dare to offend Sun Liu's land easily, so he only set off a few waves in Guanzhong. He devoted his mind mainly to continuing to coerce the Son of Heaven Liu Xie, killing the members of the Han family and the princes and nobles, and he was using blood and swords and guns to open the way for his son Cao Pi to proclaim himself emperor and establish the country, removing all political obstacles and military threats.
As one of the victorious parties, Liu Bei was full of harvest and desire at this time. He took the opportunity to occupy Jingzhou, formed a Jingzhou base in the name of temporary borrowing from Sun Quan, and focused on seeking the strategic depth of Yizhou, which was dangerous and rich in products. After three years of both soft and hard work, the Han clan and Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang finally surrendered to the land. So far, Liu Bei has completed the "Longzhong Pair", Zhuge Liang contributed to the grand cause of seizing Jingzhou and Yizhou, and dividing the world with Cao Cao and Sun Quan.
Sun Quan, who was in the middle of the day, after this battle, greatly increased his strength and morale was unprecedentedly high, and it only took more than a year to take Nanjun, Jiujiang, Jiaozhou (now Guangzhou) and other places, and his sphere of influence stretched thousands of miles away, and his subjects covered most of the areas south of the Yangtze River. In 211 AD, Sun Quan moved his administrative office from Jiujiang to Moling (present-day Nanjing). In the spring of the following year, Sun Quan changed the Moling Tomb to Jianye, and because of the simplicity, he built a stone city and a wet dock to prevent Cao Cao from invading the south.
It was another sunny evening, Sun Quan came to the Yangtze River belonging to Jianye, the same surging river, he read out the pride and sense of mission different from the previous two times in the riverside, he wanted to use this as a base camp, continue to direct the Three Kingdoms to compete in the Central Plains, and write the glory of Stone City as the future capital from the beginning.
Four
After the Battle of Chibi, history gradually entered the Three Kingdoms moment.
The first country was Cao Wei, which was established by Cao Pi.
In the first month of 220 A.D., on a cold night, Cao Cao, an outstanding politician, military strategist and writer in ancient China, died of illness in Luoyang at the age of 66. The eldest son, Cao Pi, inherited the title of King of Wei. Compared with his father's regret that he still hugged the pipa and half-covered his face, and did not go to the road to the emperor until his death, Cao Pi's ambition was greater and more urgent than Cao Cao's, and he tore off his mask little by little, removed the Han family, and created history.
In October of that year, Luoyang's autumn scenery was so beautiful that Liu Xie, the 40-year-old Emperor of Han Xian, had no intention of appreciating these beauties. Under the coercion of Cao Pi and others, he issued an edict for the last time, ceding the throne to Cao Pi in a peaceful way, and the Eastern Han Dynasty, which lasted 195 years, came to an end.
Cao Pi was proclaimed emperor by Chan, established the Cao Wei Empire, and set the capital at Luoyang, at the age of 34.
After Cao Pi became emperor, Liu Bei and Sun Quan both knew that they had a few catties and taels, and their strength could not shake Cao Pi at all, so they adopted the policy of temporary forbearance and taking the initiative to seek peace.
Cao Pi directly rejected Liu Bei's request for peace, beheaded the envoy, and listed Liu Bei as a first-class confidant; he happily agreed to Sun Quan's request for peace, canonized the throne, and regarded Sun Quan as a strategic ally that could be united and defeated. This kind of state-to-state relationship of joint coexistence and exchange of roles runs through almost the entire entire three countries.
The second country was the Shu Han established by Liu Bei.
The fact that Cao Pi usurped the Han and seized power, and the humiliation of being rejected for peace, deeply stung Liu Bei, the king of Hanzhong, who had the pure blood of the Han family. On May 15, 221 AD, with the support of Zhuge Liang and many other subjects, the 61-year-old Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, established the Shu Han Dynasty, and restarted the new era of the Han dynasty.
After Liu Bei became emperor, he listed the revival of the Han dynasty as a major national event and the No. 1 project, worshiped Zhuge Liang as the prime minister, and advanced outward based in Guanzhong; deteriorated the honeymoon relationship with Sun Quan, and mobilized the strength of the whole country to raise troops to attack Wu on the grounds of seizing Jingzhou and avenging Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. After seizing the gate of Wu, Liu Bei continued to attack Wu along the east of the river. Sun Quan's request for peace was rejected, so he had to fight with all his might, and the two armies of Shu and Wu began to face each other in the hot June of June, forming a confrontation situation at Yiting (present-day Yichang).
As a result, Sun Quan's metropolitan governor Lu Xun was highly skilled and high-minded, taking advantage of the slackness of the Shu army's defense and the concentration of the camps, and turned most of the Shu army into ashes with the clever plan of burning the company camp, and Liu Bei fled to the White Emperor City with only a few remnants of the army.
The division was unsuccessful, the elite was lost, and Liu Bei was seriously ill in the White Emperor City. In April 223 AD, after completing the famous "White Emperor City Tuogu", Liu Bei completed a life of loyalty and righteousness, thirst for talent, and heart-to-heart with regret, and died at the age of 63, reigning for only 2 years. The Shu Han Dynasty thus entered the period of Liu Chan, the later lord dominated and assisted by Zhuge Liang.
The world is divided into three, and there are already two lords. This reality shocked Sun Quan greatly, and it would be self-deception to say that he didn't want to call the emperor the founding of the country earlier. However, compared with the Jiangshan obtained by Cao Pi through Chan Rang and the Sheji obtained by Liu Bei through the restoration of the Han Court, both of them can be said to be bright and tolerant.
He wants to find a natural reason for himself, an opportunity to ripen, and climb to the peak of imperial power step by step. The chess pieces in his hand have crossed the Chu River and Han realms, making a far-sighted series of fights. It can be said that the galaxy is vast, allowing the stars to twinkle, and the jade is clear and clear, and it can compete with the heroes.
After Cao Pi and Liu Bei became emperors, the important role played by Sun Quan was instantly irreplaceable, and the key position was instantly subtle and complex. At the time of the triangle, the trend of the three strong, and the cracks, it is most conducive to strategic vertical and horizontal, tactical trade-offs, and left and right.
By surrendering to Cao Wei and being crowned King of Wu, and clarifying the relationship between the monarch and the minister with Cao Pi, Cao Pi could temporarily put aside his worries and concentrate his firepower to deal with Shu Han; Sun Quan could climb the high branches in exchange for the transformation of his status from a prince to an orthodox prince. This kind of relational closeness and identity change has a profound and profound effect.
By showing favor to Shu Han, abandoning his previous suspicions, and confessing his alliance with Liu Bei's father and son, Shu Han could contact Wu to resist Cao externally, concentrate on economic development internally, and let go of his hands and feet to quell the rebellion of ethnic minorities in Nanzhong; Sun Quan could add double insurance, gradually become bigger and stronger in the fiefdom, and secretly accumulate strength to compete with Cao Wei.
In May 227 AD, Cao Pi, the founding emperor of Cao Wei, who reigned for only 7 years, died of illness in Luoyang at the age of 40. Sun Quan was extremely emotional and regretful about Cao Pi's departure, and he was impressed that Cao Pi's majestic strategy made him extremely admired; regrettably, before he could really let go of the horse field, the Cao Wei regime ushered in the 22-year-old Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rong.
In just four years, Shu and Wei have successively changed new owners. For Sun Quan, this is obviously a good opportunity from God. It is especially worth taking advantage of, Zhuge Liang seized the new emperor of Cao Wei to ascend the throne, his heel was not stable, and he set out on the Northern Expedition twice in 228 AD. The gap formed by the battle between Wei and Shu directly reserved ample time for Sun Quan to prepare for his ascension to the throne.
After thousands of setbacks, Lushan showed the sun and the moon. On April 13, 229 AD, Sun Quan officially proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang, and the founding name was Wu. The third country in the Three Kingdoms period, the Wu State, was born, and the situation of the Three Kingdoms became a historical fact. In September, Sun Quan moved the capital to Jianye, and the first dynasty in history to build a capital in Nanjing was born.
Jianye, the original small city, county and county, has since become the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties and the first batch of historical and cultural cities in China. Sun Quan, as the founder, is the first to make contributions.
History is a game of chess, and everyone wants to take two steps on it. Some people scribbled into the game, tasted it and stopped at a superficial level, leaving no back or imprint to remember, and some artificial pens entered the country, shining brightly, and walked out of the lineage or blueprint of the heart. Sun Quan, Liu Bei, Cao Cao, etc. belong to the latter.
The sky of history suddenly has three new masters. What Sun Quan has to do is to cast the Sun brand on his own territory that will always belong to future generations. From the moment he dragged Soochow onto onto the track of history, this locomotive sounded and pulled the country to run. He was writing three historical documents that were popular in Soochow.
The first document is about the political clarity of Soochow.
Confucius said: "The world is the public for the road, and the world is the home." As a famous statesman in ancient China, Sun Quan knew that political clarity was the best choice to ensure the smooth implementation of the avenue and tunnel, and the integration of the world and the four seas.
The ordeal of the founding of the country made him understand that governing the country is inseparable from the people, and only by serving the people, being close to the people, and benefiting the people, can the road be smooth, and the people will be safe and stable. And all this is maintained in the line, principles, and policies implemented by themselves.
Therefore, he reformed the tuntian system, and set up two kinds of tuntian, military tun and min tun, the tuntian soldiers ploughed and fought, and the tuntian households only had to farm the fields, and personally plowed the fields, encouraging the generals to tuntian; he built water conservancy, built the east embankment to curb the water of Chaohu Lake, and sent the school captain Chen Xun to dig the Jurong Chengzhong Road Canal, etc., these canals were not only inland waterways, but also had irrigation functions; he repeatedly relaxed the levy and interest adjustment, strictly forbade officials to interfere with agricultural affairs on the grounds of hard labor, and issued edicts to reduce forced labor and levy taxes, and eliminate the evils of the people.
The second document is about the economic prosperity of Soochow.
Sun Quan's two answers were: Internally, based on the innate advantages and natural endowments of Soochow, vigorously promote agriculture and commerce, and win advantages and positions with bulk agricultural products and characteristic silk fabrics; externally, open up a direct sea passage from Soochow to the northeast region, give full play to the radiation role of the capital Jianye and the hinterland of the south of the Yangtze River, and implement the strategy of going out of trade, so that the Yangtze River and the canal will be seamlessly connected with the three major water systems of the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Bohai Sea.
The third document is about the good-neighborliness and friendship of Soochow.
Mencius said: "The time is not as good as the place, and the place is not as good as the people." As a visionary strategist in ancient China, Sun Quan believed that good-neighborliness and friendship were the aspirations of the people and the country, both military and diplomatic.
Therefore, after he ascended the throne, he was generally cautious about the use of troops at home and abroad, except for launching two small-scale and tentative battles of Wu and Wei in Hefei, attacking Lushunkou, defeating Wei general Zhang Zhi, and mobilizing heavy troops to completely solve the problem of internal Shanyue people's stability, etc., the rest of the wars were basically passively in response to Cao Wei's multiple expeditions.
On the contrary, he attaches great importance to diplomacy between countries and regions. After becoming emperor, he immediately established diplomatic relations with Wei and Shu to realize the exchange of envoys and trade, and formed a strategic ally with Shu; sent more than 10,000 people, including general Wei Wen, to cross the Taiwan Strait and annex Yizhou (present-day Taiwan Island) in a friendly manner, thus opening the historical prelude to exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan; sent people to establish friendly relations with the surrounding countries of Funan (present-day Cambodia) and Linyi (present-day South Vietnam); and sent important ministers to envoys to Nanyang countries to establish stable trade and cultural exchanges with India and other countries.
Sun Quan wrote three grand essays that almost ran through the second half of his life. After this recuperation, the land of Dongwu, fertile fields for thousands of miles, the fragrance of rice and grass, male ploughing and female weaving, a harmonious scene. These blessed lands on earth not only grow food and culture, but also nourish the warmth of people's hearts and the attachment of the country silently. Through this sustained development and common prosperity, no one can compare the wealth of Soochow, no one can match the national strength of Soochow, and no one can replace the enlightenment of Soochow.
Five
History makes a person, it is impossible to make him perfect, leaving some regrets and shortcomings for future generations to comment, this is a common thing, even if you are the emperor, you can't escape this cruel iron law.
In his later years, Sun Quan was accustomed to seeing the light of swords and swords, and looked down on the drums and horns. After coming to the interest, he also improvised a few poems and a few pieces of calligraphy, discussed with the courtiers, and gave them collections, and he wanted to imprint the afterglow of the poems and books on the hearts of the courtiers and imprint them in the worship of the people.
In his later years, Sun Quan, a distant virtuous minister, a villain, arrogant, and arbitrary, often happened, especially on the issue of succession, which made him most heartbroken and painful, and the tragedy experienced by Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty was repeated in him.
The eldest son, Sun Deng, was most favored by him, but unfortunately died early. After the third son and grandson were made the crown prince, they and the king of Lu, Sun Ba, turned against each other and held knives because of the prince's issue, and the ministers of the court at that time, Lu Xun and Buqi, were also divided into two factions to support the prince and the king of Lu. In order to maintain the relative balance of power and the basic symmetry of the camp, in desperation, Sun Quan could only depose Sun He, give Sun Ba to death, and set up the young seventh Sun Liang as the crown prince. This great turmoil shocked the government and the opposition, shook the Three Kingdoms, and the state of Wu from prosperity to decline also laid a major foreshadowing.
This bloody reality is like a hammer that falls on Sun Quan. He had aged a lot, and the heroic lord of the past had become a moody, sickly, and dying old man.
Although the hero is in the twilight, but the emaciated camel is bigger than the horse, he can still call the wind and rain, play with others in the palm of his hand; if the number of qi is about to run out, although it is difficult to be reborn in the face of Hua Tuo, it may be best to resign himself to fate. This may be the end that Sun Quan is about to usher in.
A ray of sunset light pierced through the window lattice and hit the royal bed where Sun Quan was lying. He can no longer watch the scenery and express his nostalgia by the Yangtze River, so he can only be slightly confused and thoughtful.
In the dream, the past that has been passed away comes one after another.
- Sun Quan, who is calm and unhurried, is so heroic and heroic. In the face of fierce beasts and playthings, he will shoot when he should shoot, and in the face of danger, he seems to be walking leisurely, and he is more calm when he smiles at Yunqi. Even Su Shi proudly wrote in "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting": "The old man chatted about the madness of youth, shot the tiger himself, and watched Sun Lang." "This praise has warmed the hearts of many generals!
——Sun Quan, who is witty and humorous and loves generals like a son, is so tolerant, affectionate and righteous. When bidding farewell to the general Zhu Huan on the expedition, Zhu Huan suddenly picked up his wine glass and said, the minister is going to leave His Majesty, if he can touch His Majesty's beard, the minister will die without regrets. Hearing this, Sun Quan stood up with a smile and stuck his head out. Zhu Huan stepped forward to brush his beard and sighed: I finally got the dragon's beard today. Sun Quan laughed. This laugh, how many ministers are drunk!
——Sun Quan, who raised his ministers and ignored his previous suspicions, was so benevolent, benevolent, righteous and open-minded. The young son left behind by the love general Ling Tong after his death, Sun Quan adopted him in the palace, regarded him as his own, and introduced him on many occasions, this is my tiger son. At first, the general Pan Jun said that he was sick and refused to see him, but Sun Quan sent someone to carry him. Knowing it with reason, moving it with affection, Pan Jun was grateful and knelt down to thank him. Sun Quan first worshipped the lieutenant general of the official auxiliary army, and then stationed in Wuchang with Lu Xuntun to manage the affairs of Jingzhou. How much conscience and loyalty have been warmed by this maintenance!
In the dream - those beauties who died of fragrance and jade are all with them.
Appearing with his brother Sun Ce and the important minister Zhou Yu is their wife "Er Qiao". These two women, who are more famous than the queen in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", have both experienced the torment and pain of their husband's early death and loneliness.
Swimming in the ocean of love and rivers is actually a dilemma, not only to have a good water nature, but also to carefully observe the boundless waves that are surging at any time.
On the stone steps leading to the river, leaves fell. The road to Erqiao's first marriage seems to be smooth, but in fact it is full of dangers. As a product of a political marriage, the sisters went far away in an autumn, destined to be uneventful and loving in this life. When they took the first step, the seeds of tragedy took root in the withered yellow of fallen leaves.
Wake up from a dream - those endless black holes are full of chills.
A dream recalls the passing years, and the flowers bloom as if in a blink of an eye. After waking up from the dream, Sun Quan had no choice, his choice was to hand over the dynasty he had created himself to his descendants intact, and hoped that a descendant in the future would draw a blueprint for great unification along the foundation he had created, and achieve a grand scene of great prosperity.
In May 252 AD, after reigning for 24 years, Sun Quan, the longest-lived founding monarch of the Three Kingdoms, drove the crane to the west and fell to Jianye at the age of 71. The crown prince Sun Liang was made the second emperor of Eastern Wu.
Sun Quan did not expect that Eastern Wu would come to an end after he only experienced three emperors. It is really time and fate, and he can no longer predict what happened later, and he will not issue a "guilty edict" to himself like Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his mistakes in his later years, and his mind is actually a little worse than that of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Siren has gone, compared to Cao Cao's name as a traitor and the cunning hidden behind Liu Bei's benevolence, Sun Quan is a kind and honest real person. In fact, under the Tianyu of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Quan is an underestimated emperor, and compared to Cao Cao's popularity and Liu Bei's exposure, Sun Quan does not have an advantage in popularity and fans. In the long river of history, future generations often wear colored glasses to filter historical figures, praise a few words if they like it, and add a few bad deeds when they hate it.
Reading Sun Quan and reminiscing about Eastern Wu, I raised the wall of hope in reading history and waiting;
When the meaning of the poem is asked, a happy life must be like Sun Quan, the hero Huashan discusses the sword, and the elegant man cooks wine and meets. Dongwu under the moonlight, as the son of the Yangtze River, Sun Quan once used a male to open his arms to embrace the sea, and once used the male wind to stretch into the sky and hiss. His belief in the future at that time was not all self-deception, but sometimes it was also expectations, feelings, and spirit, and the moss that grew out of self-soothing. Because history is strung together by countless poetic passages.
Closing the yellow scroll belonging to Emperor Sun Wu and walking to the place where Sun Quan often went to look out by the river, my heart was full of mixed feelings. How much flowing water has been carried away by the sound of rolling waves by the river, and then "how many things in ancient and modern times are being laughed and discussed" that went east.
When he came, Jin Ge Iron Horse vibrated the sky, and when he left, the Three Kingdoms stood in the world. The life of an eloquent person is a landscape and a strange book in itself. Sun Quan does not need to lament any future outcome. This is because what history records is often the heroes who are the victors and heroes who are righteous, and what future generations remember is still those pioneers of the times who once stood at the forefront of the tide and dominated the scene.
Dajiangdong went to the waves, and Sun Zhongmou was still romantic.
(Hu Zhengliang)
