In May 2024, the knowledge points of the soft examination will be sorted out (1) informatization development

Information systems lifecycle

• System planning, corresponding to feasibility analysis and project development plan
• System analysis, corresponding to demand analysis
• System design includes outline design, detailed design
• The implementation of the system includes coding testing, acceptance
• System operation and maintenance

National informatization system

The national information system includes six elements: information technology application, information resource information, network information technology and industry, information talents, information policies, regulations and standards

"Outline of Informatization Development Strategy" VS "14th Five-Year National Informatization Plan"

The "Outline of the National Informatization Development Strategy" emphasizes that the strategic goal of the national informatization development strategy is to build a network power, which is divided into three steps

• Step 1: By 2020, some areas of core and key technologies will reach the international advanced level
• Step 2: By 2025, a number of large-scale multinational cyberspace companies with strong international competitiveness will emerge
• Step 3: In the 21st century, we will make greater achievements in leading the development of global informatization

The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Informatization

• Build a ubiquitous and intelligent digital infrastructure system,
• Establish an efficient data element resource system,
• Build an innovative development system that unleashes digital productivity,
• Cultivating an advanced and secure digital industry system,
• Build a development system for industrial digital transformation,
• Build a digital social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing,
• Create a collaborative and efficient digital government service system,
• Build a convenient digital livelihood security system for HP,
• Expand the system of mutually beneficial and win-win international cooperation in the digital field and establish and improve a standardized and orderly governance system for digital development

New infrastructure

5G infrastructure, UHV, intercity high-speed railway and intercity rail transit, new energy vehicle charging piles, big data centers, artificial intelligence (AI), and industrial Internet

4.1 New Infrastructure

• Infrastructure information, emphasizing "technicality", network infrastructure, new technology infrastructure, computing infrastructure

1. Network infrastructure: communication networks, including 5G Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, Satellite Internet
2. New technology and technical facilities: including artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain
3. Computing infrastructure: including data centers, intelligent computing centers

• Converged Infrastructure, Emphasizing "New Applications"

In-depth application of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other means to support the transformation and upgrading of traditional infrastructure, and form integrated infrastructure, such as intelligent transportation and smart energy

• Innovative infrastructure, emphasizing "platform new"

Supporting scientific research, technology development, and product development with public welfare attributes, such as major science and technology, science and education infrastructure, and industrial technology innovation infrastructure

The 14th Five-Year Plan continues to accelerate the construction of new infrastructure

• Accelerate the large-scale deployment of 5G networks,
• forward-looking layout of 6G network technical reserves,
• Expand the capacity of backbone Internet nodes,
• Implement the basic network improvement project of small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions,
• Promote the comprehensive development of the Internet of Things,
• Accelerate the construction of a national integrated big data center system,
• Actively and steadily develop the industrial Internet and the Internet of Vehicles,
• Build a space infrastructure system for communication, navigation and remote sensing with global coverage and efficient operation.
• Accelerate the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and municipal administration.
• Play a leading role in the market

4.2 Industrial Internet

The deep economic integration of the new generation of information technology and industrial technology provides a way to realize the digital, networked and intelligent development of industry and even industry, and is an important cornerstone of the fourth industrial revolution.

• Four levels: network-based, platform as the backbone, data as the element, and security as the guarantee. (1) The network is the foundation, including network interconnection, data exchange and identity resolution; (2) The platform is the center, including the edge layer, and Rispasssars is the layer, which has four functions: data aggregation, modeling and analysis, knowledge reuse, and application innovation. (3) Data is the element, and data has three characteristics: importance, professionalism, and complexity. (4) Security is to ensure safety, with three characteristics, involving a wide range, causing a large impact, and the enterprise protection foundation is weak
• Six typical application modes: platform design, intelligent manufacturing, networked collaboration, personalized customization, service-oriented extension, and digital management.

4.3 Internet of Vehicles

• The three-layer system of "end, management and cloud" is as follows: (1) the end system is the communication terminal and equipment of the car, (2) the management system solves the interconnection between the vehicle and the vehicle, the vehicle and the road, the vehicle and the network, and the vehicle and the person, and (3) the cloud system refers to the vehicle operation information platform of the cloud architecture
• Internet of Vehicles (IoV) connection mode

1. The vehicle is connected with the cloud platform and receives the control instructions issued by the platform
2. Vehicle-to-vehicle connections can be used to determine road traffic conditions
3. The vehicle is connected to the road and guides the vehicle to choose the best driving path
4. The vehicle-to-person connection enables the user to monitor and control the vehicle through a mobile terminal device
5. The connection between the in-vehicle devices is to establish a digital in-vehicle control system

Integration of industrialization and industrialization

The integration of industrialization and industrialization is a high-level of informatization and industrialization, and deep integration refers to the industrialization driven by informatization and the promotion of informatization by industrialization. Taking the new road of industrialization, the core of the integration of industrialization and industrialization is the support of informatization and the pursuit of sustainable development mode. Informatization and industrialization are mainly integrated in four aspects: technology, products, business, services and industry

Smart manufacturing

Intelligent manufacturing is based on the deep integration of a new generation of information and communication technology and advanced manufacturing technology, and the maturity level of the intelligent manufacturing capability maturity model is divided into five levels, which are planning level, specification level, integration level, optimization level, and leading level.

• Level 1, planning level, start to plan the foundation and conditions, and be able to process management of core business activities such as production, design, logistics, sales and services
• Level 2, normative level, transformation and standardization, to achieve data sharing of a single business activity
• Level 3, integration set, enterprise integration of equipment systems, etc., to achieve cross-business activities data sharing
• Level 4, optimization level, enterprises should mine data such as human resources manufacturing, form knowledge models, etc., to achieve accurate prediction and optimization of core business activities.
• At the fifth level, the leading level, enterprises should continue to drive the optimization and innovation of business activities based on the model, and realize the collaborative extension of the industrial chain to new manufacturing models and business models

Consumer Internet

Consumer Internet of Things is an Internet type born of individuals as users, with daily life as the application form of application scenarios, to meet the consumption needs of consumers in the Internet, the consumer Internet relies on strong information and data processing capabilities and diversified mobile terminals, in the e-commerce social network, search engine and other industries have a large-scale development trend and the formation of their own ecosystems have laid a stable industry development pattern, the consumer Internet has attributes, multimedia attributes have self-media, social media and information-based portal industry, attributes by online travel and consumers to provide life services of e-commerce, etc

Digital China

Digital China is a new strategy for the development of national informatization in the new era, which mainly includes broadband China's Internet big data. Cloud computing, artificial intelligence, digital economy, e-government, new smart cities, rural areas, digital villages, etc., accelerate the construction of digital economy, digital society, digital government, and drive the transformation of production methods, lifestyles and governance methods as a whole with digital transformation. It has become the main theme of the development of informatization in the new era

Digital economy

The digital economy consists of four parts: digital industrialization, industrial digitization, digital governance, and data valorization

• Digital industrialization: Provide digital technologies, products, services, infrastructure and solutions for the digital development of industries, including cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, industrial Internet, blockchain, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and augmented reality.
• Industrial digitalization: With the support and guidance of a new generation of digital technology, the process of digital upgrading, transformation and reengineering of all elements of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain is carried out with the key elements of data, value release as the core, and data empowerment as the main line, and industrial digitalization. It has typical characteristics, including digital technology to transform production tools, data resources as the key production factors, digital content to reconstruct product structure, information network as the market allocation link, service platform as the industrial ecological carrier, and digital good governance as the development mechanism condition.
• Digital governance: The core characteristics are data interoperability, comprehensive digital collaboration and cross-departmental process reengineering of the whole society, forming a governance mechanism that speaks with data, manages with data, and innovates with data. Digital governance contains connotations: governance of data, governance of data, and governance of digital convergence space
• Data valorization: refers to the economic process of data valorization starting from data resourceization, going through the stages of data assetization and data capitalization, and realizing the value of data: (1) data resourceization is to make disorderly and chaotic original data into orderly and practical data resources; (2) data assetization is the process of bringing economic benefits to users or owners through data circulation and transactions; (3) data capitalization mainly includes two ways, credit financing and data securitization

Digital government

Digital government has been endowed with new characteristics: collaboration, intelligence, cloud, dynamic, and data, and the key words of construction include: sharing, interoperability, and convenience, and the main contents are "one network for all", "cross-provincial for all", and "one network for management".

• All in one network. Relying on the integrated online government service platform, through standardizing online service standards, optimizing the online service process, building a unified Internet government service general platform, integrating government service data resources and improving supporting system measures, promoting the online handling of administrative service matters, and promoting the enterprise masses to do things, the whole network can be handled online only by logging in once
• Inter-provincial general office, the applicant submits an application for matters in a province or city other than the handling or proposes to handle other provincial and municipal matters locally, and the application handling mode can usually be divided into a full online office, a collection agency and a multi-place joint office
• One network unified management, usually starting from the prominent problems of urban governance, with urban events as the traction, overall management network, unified list of urban operation matters, construction of multi-level urban operation one network unified management application system, promote urban governance management, emergency command, comprehensive law enforcement and other fields of one network unified management, to achieve urban operation situation awareness, mass linkage, collaborative disposal, supervision and evaluation and assessment and other whole-process supervision
• One network, mainly including government cloud, government network and government big data center,
• One screen, through the integration of data from multiple departments, fully reflects the operation of the city.
• Linkage, smooth command system at all levels, provide rapid response capabilities for cross-departmental, cross-regional, and cross-level joint logistics linkage and efficient handling.
• Early warning. Based on the multi-dimensional massive holographic data aggregation, the panoramic real-time grasp and intelligent early warning of urban operation signs are realized.
• Innovation drives intelligent construction with management needs, and promotes comprehensive optimization of business processes and management innovation with information flow and data flow

Digital society

(1) The construction of digital people's livelihood emphasized: HP, empowerment, and benefit.

(2) Smart City:

Core Elements: Data Governance, Digital Twin, Marginal Decision-Making, Diverse Integration, Situational Awareness (to be mastered)

• Data governance: Build capabilities around data elements, including data responsibility and rights control, full lifecycle management, and its development and utilization.
• Digital twin: The real world and the information world are interacted and integrated to build capabilities, including social twins, urban twins, and equipment twins, so as to promote urban space to get rid of physical constraints and carry out digital space.
• Situational awareness: Focusing on the essential response to social conditions and simulation and prediction, we can build capabilities to gain insight into the impact of variable and immutable factors on social development, so as to improve the quality of life.
• Diversified integration: emphasizing the dynamics of social relations and social activities and the efficiency of integration
• Marginal decision-making: Capability building based on decision-making algorithms and information applications strengthens the decision-making ability of the executive side, so as to achieve the effect of rapid response and decision-making in colleges and universities, and meet the agile needs of social development.

Maturity classification of smart city development

• Level 1, planning level, make decisions around the development of smart cities, clarify the division of responsibilities and working mechanisms, and initially carry out data collection and application to ensure the orderly development of relevant activities.
• Level 2, management level, clear smart city development strategy, principles, goals and implementation plan. Implement management of the whole life cycle of smart cities.
• The three-level and collaborative level should control the individual development goals of smart cities, implement the integration of multi-business and multi-level cross-domain application systems, continue to promote the sharing and exchange of information resources, and promote the integration and innovation of benefiting the people, serving the people, urban governance, and ecological livable industry development, so as to achieve cross-field collaborative transformation.
• The fourth level, the optimization level, focuses on the deep integration of smart cities and urban economic and social development, and predicts that the competitiveness of cities will continue to improve.
• The fifth level, the leading level, leads the intelligent linkage of urban clusters and forms a high-quality development community.

(3) Digital life

Digitization of life tools, lifestyles, and life content

Digital Ecosystem

(1) Data elements

The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 points out that "we should adhere to the principle of placing equal emphasis on decentralization and regulation, promote the unification of development and standardized management, and build an open, healthy and safe digital ecosystem from the construction of a digital normative system"

The purpose of the data element market is to form a market-based allocation mechanism to realize the value of data flow and the value generated by data in the flow, and the market-oriented allocation of data elements is a result rather than a means. The market-oriented allocation of data elements is based on the clear data property rights, transaction mechanism, pricing mechanism, distribution mechanism, supervision mechanism, legal scope and other safeguard systems.

(2) Digital business environment

A good digital business environment is an important manifestation of the soft power and comprehensive competitiveness of a country's and regions' economies. The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Digital Economy proposes to further optimize the digital business environment and accelerate the bridging of the digital divide. In December 2021, the National Industrial Information Security Development Research Center proposed a global digital business environment evaluation index system, which includes five first-level indicators

• Digital support system, including universal access, smart logistics facilities, and electronic payment facilities
• Data development, utilization, and security, including public data openness and data security
• Digital market access, digital economy market access, and convenience of government services
• Digital Market Rules, Platform Corporate Responsibility, Merchant Rights and Responsibilities, Consumer Protection
• Digital innovation environment, digital innovation ecology, digital literacy and skills, intellectual property protection

Digital transformation

Digital transformation is a high-level transformation based on digital transformation and digital upgrading, further touching the core business of the organization, and aiming to create a new business model

The basic principles of digital transformation reveal the necessity and importance of individual intelligence (knowledge, skills, experience, etc.) from "natural person" individuals to organizational intelligence (computers, machine information systems).

(2) Wisdom transfer

The DIKW model is a good illustration of the relationship between data, information, knowledge and intelligence. The S8D model is based on the DIKW model, and constructs eight transformation activities in the two major processes of "Wisdom-Data" and "Data-Intelligence".

Wisdom to data, information process

• Knowledge structure, clear content at the level of business system,
• Knowledge modeling, defining the logical relationship of business activities,
• Process informatization, clear requirements for each of its own operation series
• Data platformization realizes data collection, storage and sharing

The process of data to wisdom and intelligence

This process is usually the process of data development and utilization and resource management, "intelligent process". It focuses on solving the "brain substitution" based on the "digital relationship" of various organizational components (personnel, processes, business, processes and equipment), which can be developed and utilized after the big data is "bottomed".

• Object digitization realizes the digital expression of various objects
• Twin virtualization completes the mapping of physical objects to information space.
• Architecture visualization realizes the interaction and innovation of business knowledge model and experience precipitation
• Computing intelligence enables scheduling and decision-making under multiple conditions

(3) Continuous iteration

The continuous iteration of digital encapsulation of each capability factor is organized, which mainly includes four activities, namely, cyber-physical world construction (digital twin CPS), marginal deployment of decision-making capability PtoE, scientific physics cyber mechanism CPSS, digital framework and information modulation mechanism DFIM.

• Cyber-physical world construction, digital twin CPS: Implement digital twin construction for various objects in the capability factor, and add the configuration relationship between the factor and other factors on this basis to realize capability-related data mining and data development and utilization, so as to discover new technologies and logics and improve work efficiency
• Marginal deployment of decision-making capabilities: Based on the decision-making algorithm model, devices and personnel at the disposal and execution level can agilely obtain higher decision-making capabilities, achieve agile response results, realize the integration and modulation of decision-making power, and achieve the value effect of equipment intelligence and improving decision-making efficiency.
• On the basis of CPS, the cyber mechanism of scientific physics gathers the power of environmental factors (or external social forces in the organizational dimension) of the capability factors within the organization, builds a high-density data framework, and encapsulates, deconstructs and reconstructs the synergistic relationship of each capability factor with reference to the principle of social operation, so as to realize the flexible combination mechanism of each capability factor and form a dynamic scheduling capability that can face various needs.
• The higher the digital density of the data framework and information modulation mechanism, the higher the controllability of the organizational capability factor, and the higher the corresponding security and reliability. By optimizing the digital framework model of capability factors and improving the accuracy and timeliness of data collection and acquisition, organizations can effectively improve their emergency response and mobilization capabilities to capability factors, so as to have more reliable known risk management and control capabilities and response capabilities to unknown risks.

Former Universe

The main features of the metaverse: immersive experience, virtual identity, virtual economy, and virtual social governance