Not long ago, CCTV disclosed the top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country in 2023, among which the No. 1 tomb of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has made major archaeological gains.
Dynamic map of the location of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin
In most people's impressions, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has always been tepid, and no one seems to touch it.
But in fact, in order to ensure the safety of cultural relics, archaeologists can only use small brushes and small tweezers to excavate little by little, this tomb of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum No. 1 has been excavated for 10 years.
At present, the excavation of the tomb road, the tomb chamber and the burial pit of three chariots and horses has been basically completed, and a number of important cultural relics such as gold dancing sleeve figurines, gold and silver camels, jade bi, etc., have been unearthed in the tomb, as well as the only important remains of a four-wheeled single chariot in the archaeological discovery at present.
So far, many tombs in the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang have different harvests, and Da Liu will take stock of the four most significant black technologies for you.
I The first black technology: it is more than 40,000 three-edged arrows unearthed in the pit of the Terracotta Warriors.
Experts have tested more than 900 data and found that its three edges are almost the same length, the minimum error is only 0.02 mm, and its arc and lethality are comparable to those of today's bullets.
The arrowheads of the Qin Dynasty were already mass-produced metal killers with very small errors
The most surprising thing is that when you zoom in 80 times, you can see the parallel grinding marks on it, which only modern grinding wheel grinding can do. This shows that the Qin Dynasty thousands of years ago already had advanced production tools comparable to modern times, and had achieved mass production of military industry, which became the weapon that the Qin King relied on to sweep the Six Kingdoms.
I The second biggest black technology is Qin Jian
By the time the sword was unearthed, it had been buried deep underground for 2,000 years and had been bent 45 degrees by a 150-kilogram terracotta warrior.
The technology of chromium salt coating was not invented by the Germans until 1937, but Qin Jian was already in use
But when the archaeologists carefully picked it up, he miraculously rebounded, and the blade was still as sharp as ever, easily cutting through more than 30 sheets of A4 paper stacked on top of each other.
According to the test of scientists, the surface of the sword blade is also oxidized with chromium salt, and the Germans only invented the treatment of chromium salt oxidation in 1937, and our Qin Shi Huang is full of a thousand years ahead of the world.
I The third major black technology is the copper carriage
When the bronze carriage was first unearthed, it had been broken into more than 3,000 pieces, and it took our archaeologists 8 years of restoration to restore it to its current appearance in the museum.
Copper carriage with complex fittings with thousands of fittings
The bronze carriage has two carriages, front and rear, with a total of 737 gold fittings, 983 silver fittings, and 1742 copper fittings.
In the Qin Dynasty, where there was no welding technology, craftsmen were able to install so many accessories tightly on this copper carriage, and the thinnest parts were only 0.12~0.2 mm, and the thinnest parts were 0.5 mm, which was already a modern unattainable bronze smelting technology.
And there is also a copper umbrella on the carriage, which can launch hidden weapons on three sides, and the umbrella surface can be used as a shield, both offensive and defensive. The car was the first air-conditioned car in the world, and the car had a small window on the side that closed to cool off, which was extremely comfortable at the time.
I The last big black technology is the Terracotta Army
However, what we are talking about here is not the manufacturing technology of the terracotta warriors and horses that resemble real people, but the layers of paint on the terracotta warriors.
The terracotta warriors and horses are brightly colored when they are first unearthed, and each terracotta warrior will have more than a dozen colors, among which there is a very special color - Chinese purple, which is "copper barium silicate" (BaCuSi2O6), which is considered to be an artificially created ancient chemical pigment. This color is not among the natural colors. After analysis by scientific researchers, this pigment turned out to be a superconductor material.
Chinese purple, also known as "copper barium silicate" (BaCuSi2O6), is considered to be an artificially manufactured ancient chemical pigment
After hearing about it, the Stanford Research Institute in the United States also brought this pigment back to the laboratory for analysis and confirmed that it was indeed a superconductor material, and superconductor technology has always been an important topic of human research.
It is still unknown how the Qin State synthesized this artificial pigment 2,000 years ago.
In short, with the gradual excavation of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, I believe that more and more secrets and treasures will be displayed in front of the world.