For agriculture to develop healthily and sustainably, it is crucial to give full play to the supporting role of agricultural science and technology......
On March 20, the "Zhouzhi County Science and Technology Commissioner's Kiwifruit Spring Management Technology Seminar" sponsored by the Zhouzhi County Education and Science and Technology Bureau was held in Yaoli Fruit Professional Cooperative. During the seminar, the participating experts and science and technology correspondents offered suggestions and suggestions for the healthy and benign development of the kiwifruit industry in Zhouzhi.
As of the end of last year, the area of Zhouzhi kiwifruit reached 423,000 mu, which is the largest base county in the country and a concentrated production area of kiwifruit that the world is concerned about. Therefore, the scientific spring management of kiwifruit has become one of the concerns of fruit farmers every year.
It is worth mentioning that at this seminar, the eight key technologies for the production and management of spring kiwifruit orchards jointly proposed by the Xi'an Kiwifruit Science and Technology Commissioner's Service Group and the Zhouzhi County Kiwifruit Science and Technology Commissioner's Service Group won the consensus of the experts and science and technology commissioners present. Everyone agreed that the proposal of these eight kiwifruit orchard spring management technologies is scientific and reasonable, and it is the right time to fully grasp these eight spring management technologies, which can effectively boost the "upgrading" of the kiwifruit industry in Zhouzhi. Let's take a look at what are the eight technologies of kiwifruit scientific spring pipe:
The first is to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests around the "prevention and control of pests and diseases".
1. Diseases: According to the root system, trunk, branches, flowers and fruits, leaves, fungal diseases or bacterial diseases, clarify the disease category, mainly do a good job in the investigation of canker disease, branch blight, root rot and stem rot in the park, and find that diseased plants, diseased branches and diseased roots are to be carried out with a check, two standards, three sprays, four cuts, five burning, and six sprays. Do a good job in the prevention of flower rot, gray mold, soft rot and black spot disease. The third is to control the accumulation of temperature, humidity and environmental pollution suitable for the spread of pathogens. Prevent frost damage to branches, roots, buds, flowers, leaves, and shoots, as well as high temperature and sunburn.
2. Pests: It is necessary to do a good job in monitoring and surveying, and timely control beetles, scale insects, green blind bugs, tea-winged bugs, spotted cicadas and other pests that harm new leaves, flower buds, and young leaves.
The second is to focus on "disaster prevention and mitigation" to do a good job in the prevention and control of natural disasters and man-made disasters
1. Natural disasters: including frost damage to flower buds of branches and roots, and late frost damage to new flowers, flower buds, and leaves; heat damage from high temperature, drought, humidity and sultry heat in summer; light damage from low temperature and low sunshine, sand and dust haze, canopy canopy, strong sunlight, and scorching sun; water damage caused by heavy rain, washed away by heavy rain, and poor drainage; hail disasters caused by strong winds and hailstorms, and sudden attacks of wind and hail disasters) Focus on the prevention and control of late frost from mid to late March to mid to late April. Listen to the weather forecast, keep an eye on the sunny and early morning after the rain, strictly prevent low-lying land, prepare smoked materials (sawdust, firewood, sulfur powder), irrigate in advance, spray water when frost comes, install fog machines and blowers;
2. Man-made disasters: including improper technical operations such as pesticide damage, fertilizer damage, mechanical deep turning, vine binding and branch binding, leveling stubble, bud topping, circumferential cutting, and high replacement head. Mainly do a good job of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungi before using a small amount of tests, not blindly use new fertilizers, new drugs, and new dosage forms in the whole park, and do not overdose on high efficiency. Unless the wound is severe and the roots are purposefully broken, do not deeply injure a large number of lateral roots. Do not force the main side vines and strong fruiting mother branches, do not rush to tie new shoots, reduce the injury period of injury grafting, drying, ring cutting, choose a good position to wipe the buds, weak trees leave fewer buds and more buds, strong trees leave more buds and fewer buds.
The third is to focus on "reasonable top dressing" to grasp the time, type, amount and method of fertilization
1. Fertilization time: before germination, after germination, after fruit setting
2. Types of fertilization: fast-acting fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplemented by slow-release fertilizer. More nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizers, more foliar nutrient fertilizers rich in medium and trace elements, according to the production records of kiwifruit orchards in 2023, soil nutrient monitoring and investigation to select suitable fertilizers.
3. The amount of fertilization: mainly nitrogen and potassium, 20-40% throughout the year, supplemented with calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, zinc and other medium and trace elements. Fertilize 4-5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per mu throughout the year, 1-2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of pure nitrogen, 15-20 kg of pure phosphorus, and 20-25 kg of pure potassium.
4. Fertilization method: root application is the main application, and spraying is supplemented. Furrow application should be shallow, non-light matching, application range should be scattered, spraying should be diluted twice, and new leaves should be evenly sprayed.
Fourth, focus on "moisture conservation and water saving" to grasp the irrigation time, irrigation amount and irrigation method
1. Irrigation period: irrigation before germination, large growth in spring, attention to continuous drought, timely replenishment of water.
2. The amount of irrigation: there is moisture not saturated, and the tree tray does not accumulate water
3. Irrigation method: flood irrigation, surface micro-spraying, under-frame micro-spraying, water and fertilizer integration
Fifth, do a good job in promoting flower pollination
1. Timely supplement boron fertilizer and foliar nutrient solution to improve the ability of flower buds and peduncles to resist flower rot.
2. Remove the excess flower buds in time, and leave 3-4 leaves on the newly hung fruit position for topping in time.
3. Strictly do a good job in the prevention of flower rot, canker and gray mold, and make good use of biological agents such as biomycin and uninmycin.
4. Do a good job in the flowering management of supporting male plants, adjust fertilization and nutrition, and ensure that male and female meet during flowering. Choose high-quality commercial pollen, pure pollen per mu for the harvest garden is not less than 30 grams, the pollen excipient ratio is not higher than 1:3, and point spraying can be done. If conditions permit, release bees in a group of 5-6 boxes according to 2-3 acres of land, remove the surrounding nectar source plants, and carry out artificial assisted pollination.
Sixth, we should do a good job in wiping buds and topping, thinning and fixing fruits, pest control, and disaster prevention and mitigation around "fruit preservation and fruit expansion".
1. Wipe the bud topping: erase the main vine hidden buds and sprouting tiller buds in time, erase the excess flower buds, leave enough to cultivate the leaf buds of the vegetative branches, and carry out the new topping in a timely manner.
2. Fruit thinning and fruit determination: appropriate amount of fruit thinning, quantitative fruit hanging
3. Pest control: do a good job in the prevention of gray mold and soft rot, strictly prevent the outbreak of beetles from harming young fruits, and control the population density of insects such as Tsubaki, spotted wax cicada, scale insects, and small beetles.
3. Disaster prevention and mitigation: prepare for late frost and windy weather, use amine oligosaccharides in advance, spray new shoot young fruits, and use brassinolide plus amino-oligosaccharides to spray new leaf fruits after frosting, so as to restore the normal expansion of fruits in time. Tie the branches in time to prevent the hazards of high winds.
Seventh, do a good job in seedling grafting
1. Choose suitable rootstocks: choose more delicious fruit seeds and excellent lines of fern kiwifruit
2. Choose scion with strong sand and intact buds
3. Avoid the wound flow for high grafting or grafting of seedlings sitting on the ground, and the tall grafting tree is strong and strong, so as to avoid high grafting and decaying roots and dead trees for many years.
4. Prevent multi-head grafting of sprouting tillers and strengthen post-grafting management.
5. Large seedlings are bred after the 40 cm diameter nutrient bowl is grafted
Eighth, around the "tree shape cultivation" to do a good job in tree shape determination, trunking, determination of the main vine and other work
Seize the critical period of spring tree shape cultivation, cultivate standardized tree shape, and clarify the cultivation standards and technical points of the main trunk, main vine, and fruiting mother branch.
1. Determination of tree shape: according to the planting density, select the umbrella strand shape of one trunk, four vines and eight branches, and the Y-shaped branches on both sides of one stem and two vines
2. Fixed trunk: single trunk, straight trunk, trunk thickness greater than 1 cm
3. Determine the main vines: two vines and four vines
4. Leave a good fruiting mother branch: according to the shape and density of the tree in the two main vines, staggered by 30 cm apart, leave a good fruiting mother branch, 8-12 branches in the shape of the high-yield tree, and the thickness of the fruiting mother branch is shortened at 0.8 cm.
5. Solid vine binding branches: do a good job of trunk traction, main vine fixing, and fruiting mother branch binding to cover the frame surface.
Agricultural Science and Technology News-China Agricultural Science News Network reporter Wang Chaoyang Bai Huanlin