Original Ice Jade
I still remember the Dragon Boat Festival of a certain year, and the media is broadcasting the excellent TV drama script support and guidance project of radio and television - "Si Meiren". Although the play has received a lot of complaints, some of the plots still have a great impact on the audience's knowledge system. For example, many people think that Qu Yuan did marry Bixia, the daughter of the Zhao family.
It's too much?!
In fact, it is impossible for Qu Yuan to marry Zhao Bixia......
What? You say it's because the person Qu Yuan loves is Mo Chou Nu?
Please, this is an academic public account (fog).
The root causes are:
Same! Surname! Nope! Married!
Not marrying with the same surname is one of the most important principles in the Zhou rites, and it is also a marriage taboo that has been maintained in traditional Chinese society for more than 2,000 years, and it still has a certain influence in some areas. There are two reasons why the Zhou Dynasty stipulated that "marrying a wife should not marry the same surname". The first is that "men and women have the same surname, and they are not born." "In the pre-Qin period, people with the same surname were indeed related by blood, and the fact that marriage between close relatives was not conducive to the reproduction of offspring was also known. The second is "marrying the opposite sex, so it is far away." The most important role of etiquette is to distinguish between people and animals. Therefore, later generations of etiquette scholars interpreted "Houbei" as "different from beasts" in order to maintain morality.
What's more, the marriage of different surnames can also bring about the practical benefits of "attaching to the distance", that is, strengthening the political ties with distant nobles. The representative legal code of the Chinese legal system, the Tang Law Shu Yi, clearly stipulates: "Those who marry with the same surname shall each be apprenticed for two years...... And leave it. Therefore, in the minds of the ancients, marriage with the same surname is basically equivalent to incest. This act of defiance meant the loss of all honor and status interests, which was fatal to the aristocracy.
Next, let's take a look at the situation of Qu Yuan and Zhao Bixia.
Qu Yuan's surname is Mi, his name is Qu, his name is Ping, and his name is original. I believe that after a round of "popular science" in "The Legend of Miyue", everyone knows the cold word "Mi". However, in today's society, "surname" and "first name" have become synonymous compound words, and many people are confused about the difference between "surname" and "name", "name" and "character".
Take "Si Meiren" as an example, Qu Yuan's mother called her son "Yuan'er", and Qu Yuan also declared with a sad face:
According to the etiquette of traditional society, you should use your first name to show humility. If you address others, grandparents, parents and other respectable people can call their children and grandchildren by their first names, and other relatives and friends can only call each other by words to show respect. To address a colleague who is more distant or a senior officer with a higher status than yourself, you need to use a more polite and polite title and official position. Therefore, not everyone on the street is qualified to call Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan himself can only call himself Qu Ping, and his mother calls him Ping'er.
If you feel that this is suspected of being possessed by the Dream of Red Mansions, and it is not lofty at all, you can completely introduce the famous sentence of "Lisao", "The name Yu is said to be regular, and the word Yu is said to be Lingjun". "Si Meiren" has also used this, but-
It's unthinkable. The consequences of mistaking humility and honorifics are similar to the embarrassment in the picture below:
Let's get down to business. Since the surname and the surname have gradually been unified in the imperial era (basically the surname has replaced the surname), the use of the two is even more confusing in film and television dramas. For example, the monarch of Qin is surnamed Zhao, and the monarch of Chu is surnamed Xiong, but in "Si Meiren", King Qin Huiwen is called King Xiong Huai of Chu, and King Huai of Chu is called King Yingsi of Qin Huiwen.
In the pre-Qin period, a surname was a sign of a common blood relationship, and all people with the same surname could be traced back to a common ancestor. In other words, all male descendants of the same ancestor are people with the same surname. This clan group, formed by natural reproduction, is a pyramidal structure, with an exponential increase in population size, and the base of the pyramid may be infinite.
So here's the problem. In the face of such a large and ever-expanding population with the same surname, how can we identify ourselves more easily and quickly, distinguish relatives and relatives, and how can we carry out sacrifices and social activities more efficiently?
This is where the "clan" comes in handy, duly dividing the huge population of the same surname into smaller, more internally related clan units.
In order to clarify more clearly how "clan" works, we need to introduce two more concepts: large and small.
According to the "Book of Rites: The Great Biography":
There are sects that do not move for a hundred generations, there are sects that move for five generations, those who do not move for a hundred generations, those who do not move for a hundred generations, and those who do not move after other generations, and those who do not move for a hundred generations. The ancestor succeeded the ancestor, and the fifth generation moved also.
Here, the "Sect that will not move for a hundred generations" is the big sect, and the "Sect that will move for the fifth generation" is the small sect.
What does that mean?
The key to understanding the bulk lies in the word "after". The so-called "houzi" can roughly be translated as "heir" in modern Chinese. However, in the traditional context, the meaning of "heir" is much richer, it means the inheritance of "authentic" bloodline, the continuation of incense, and the relay of family glory and status. Therefore, the word "Houzi" is very ritualistic, and his sacrificial significance and identity significance are far greater than the property significance. Of course, when the ancestor was the king of a country, the "descendant" still had a throne to inherit.
Each person can only choose one of his own sons as his "descendants", and the principle of selection is generally the well-known "there is a descendant, and there is no grandchild". If there is no natural son, the son of the stepbrother is the "descendant". All in all, Dazong is a single-line inheritance system composed of "descendants". In an ideal state, this straight line can extend to hundreds of generations, thousands of generations, and even ten thousand generations, so it is called "the sect that does not move for a hundred generations". The great sect that has not moved for a hundred generations has one of the most noble clans, and in the Chu State, it is the Xiong clan exclusive to the monarchs of previous dynasties.
However, except for the "descendants", the other sons cannot be humanely destroyed, right? They need to be separated and form another small sect. The size of the small sect is very fixed: from the ancestor to the great-grandson, there are five branches vertically, and each branch includes five generations (counting the common ancestors closest to oneself). If spouses are not counted, the types of relatives in a small parcel are 5×5=25. When it comes to the generation of great-great-grandsons, great-great-grandsons of brothers, great-grandchildren of cousins, grandsons of ancestral brothers, and sons of clan brothers, they need to migrate and no longer be of the same clan as their clansmen, which is called "migration in the fifth generation".
In the pre-Qin period, the division of small clans and the migration of small sects may form a new "clan", as the title of a relatively independent small clan group. The name of the fief and the name of the former king can be used as the basis for naming the "clan".
The lineage chart of the Chu royal family is roughly as follows:
Yes, Qu and Zhao appeared!
Of course, there are many clans established by the small sects that are separated, such as the Dou clan, the Cheng clan, the Zhuo clan, the Zhuang clan, and so on. But at the end of the Warring States Period, in addition to the royal Xiong clan, there were three most prosperous clans under the surname Mi: Qu, Jing, and Zhao. Qu Yuan's last official position before he was exiled was the Sanlu Doctor, whose main job was to be in charge of the clan affairs of the Qu, Jing, and Zhao clans, as well as the temple sacrifices, which was equivalent to a clan chief. Within the clan, they are obviously their own people who are related by blood.
When it comes to Qu's, Jing's, and Zhao's, some people may think of "The Legend of Miyue". The princess of Chu State, Mi Shu, got married, and in addition to her sister Mi Yue, there were four girls from Qu, Jing, and Zhao. According to the "Zuo Biography", it is recorded: "When the princes marry daughters, they have the same surname, but they do not have different surnames." In other words, even if the concubines come from different ethnic groups, they are all sisters with the same surname in the final analysis. In this way, it is good to support each other even if they are far away from a foreign country, as long as any one of them gives birth to a son, they are all the common support of all the members of the sisterhood. From this point alone, the detailed design of "The Legend of Miyue" is more reasonable.
Since the pre-Qin nobles had surnames and names, how should they be called?
The general rule is "men are called by their first name, and women are called by their last name".
Men are called clans, so as not to be noble and cheap. As mentioned above, the role of the "clan" is to divide the large population with the same surname into smaller, more intimate groups. Men call each other clans, and they can easily and quickly locate the specific clan branch to which the other party belongs, as well as their status, and their close relationships. This was very important in aristocratic society. Therefore, it is appropriate to call this great poet who contributed to our Dragon Boat Festival holiday "Qu Ping" or "Qu Yuan", and it is not appropriate for those who once discovered the shocking secret of Qu Yuan's surname Mi to correct his title to "Mi Yuan" ("The Great Qin Empire").
A woman is called by her surname to marry her. In the eyes of traditional society, the most important mission of a woman is marriage. A woman's surname allows the man to quickly identify whether the woman is a proper marriage partner. In other words, the purpose of a woman's surname is to avoid marriage with the same surname. Therefore, whether it is the princess of the king of Chu, or the noble lady from other clans such as Qu, Jing, and Zhao, the most ancient surname must be retained. Even if the Zhao clan really had a daughter named Bixia, she should be called Mi Bixia instead of Zhao Bixia.
In fact, there is no record of Qu Yuan's wife in the official history, and there are people who call her Chen and Mrs. Deng in folk genealogies or sacrifices. Chen is the surname of the concubine, and Deng is the surname of Man, it is indeed possible to combine with Qu Yuan of the surname Qu Mi, but it is absolutely impossible for the Zhao family who is also surnamed Mi. The earliest source of Zhao Bixia is the biographical literary work "The Tragedy of the Earth: The Biography of Qu Yuan", probably the author intends to arrange a gentle and virtuous wife for Qu Yuan, and vaguely knows that the Zhao family is a Chu family that has issued Ling Yin, so he disregarded historical common sense and came to a period of unethical Lalang matching, which was regarded as a historical fact by many modern audiences, and the poison was very deep.
OS: Fiction is also subject to the Basic Law!!
In short, as long as the Zhao family and the Qu family do not plan to fall into the turmoil of unruly love, it is impossible to start the idea of marriage of their children. Even if the two talented and beautiful women met unexpectedly outdoors one day and admired each other, once Miss Bixia claimed to be surnamed Mi, Qu Yuan's first reaction should be: "It turned out to be a sister with the same surname." "The courtship vanished.
The end of the story......
By the way, because Qu Yuan and King Chu also have the same surname, King Chu Huai and Qu Yuan ...... Ah no, King Chu Huai and Qu Yuan's sister/cousin/clan sister, according to the novelist, the girl called Qu Rong (芈容) can't be together, and the original queen or something is pure nonsense.