These cultural relics, containing a very high amount of "dragons"!

The following article is from the museum丨See the exhibition, written by Vivian

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In the new year, "Dragon" is back!

Song Anonymous "Imitation of Gu Kai's Luo Shen Futu" (detail)

Collection of the Palace Museum

Speaking of "dragons", we have to say us

Broad and profound Chinese culture

You may not have seen a dragon in person

But you must have heard a saying:

We are all descendants of the dragon!

Warring States White Jade Dragon-shaped Pendant Collection of the Palace Museum

Dragon · Birth

Ming Tao Tong Mo Long (detail) collection of the British Museum

In ancient legends

Dragons are described as:

A powerful and omnipotent creature

Eastern Han Dynasty Xu Shen "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" cloud:

“龙，鳞虫之长，能幽能明，

It can be small and huge, it can be short and long,

The spring equinox ascends to the sky, and the autumn equinox dives into the abyss. ”

Warring States period green jade dragon collection of the Palace Museum

"Totem worship" prevailed in ancient times

The ancestors worshipped supernatural powers

Pray for a smooth sail in life

The dragon is the most influential totem of the Chinese tribe

It is regarded as a symbol of strength and strength

Neolithic Age, green jade jue-shaped dragon, collection of the Palace Museum

The dragon in the Classic of Mountains and Seas can change into various forms

Rising clouds make rain, indicating good fortune and bad luck

The thunder god of the "dragon body and human head" beats the stomach

You can make a loud thunder sound

Neolithic Longshan-Qi family jade

Collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

About the origin of the dragon

No one can say clearly

Some scholars believe that it is a "collection of totems"

A giant beast of imagination

As for its appearance, it can be roughly summarized as follows:

"Based on the serpent, plus the head of a pig,

The horns of a deer, the ears of an ox, the whiskers of a sheep, the talons of an eagle,

The scales of the fish are spliced together. ”

(I will be scared if I see it)

Qing Guangxu green land fish and dragon picture fancy vase collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei

The first "dragon" is from 8,000 years ago

Liaoning Fuxin Chahai site

"Large dragon-shaped stone pile"

It has a total length of 19.70 meters and a width of about 2 meters

It is sculpted by reddish-brown stone blocks of similar volume

This is the earliest image of a dragon ever discovered

It is earlier than the dragon made by Fuxi recorded in ancient books

Liaoning Fuxin Chahai site dragon-shaped stone pile sculpture

However, if it is said to make the land of China

The descendants of Yan and Huang are all crowned as "descendants of the dragon"

This resounding and sonorous name resounded all over the world

I really have to mention the number one person Fu Xi

Tang Dynasty Fuxi Nuwa Statue Single Page Collection of the Palace Museum

It is reported that after the unification of the Taihao Fuxi clan

In order to make the Chinese nation multiply

"The Chronicle of the Dragon"

(The dragon as a totem of national power)

Since then, the dragon has been in the hearts of the Chinese

Supremacy can no longer be shaken

Chung Hwa Book Company publishes "Dictionary of Common Words in Oracle Bone Script"

Dragon · Literature

The Chinese have dragons in their bones

There are deep-rooted, blood-linked emotions

Hence the ancient artifacts

The "dragon content" is extremely high!

Original Period

Neolithic Hongshan culture unearthed

"C" shaped jade dragon

It has the reputation of "China's first dragon".

It is curled up overall, and its eyes protrude in the shape of a diamond

The mane is flying, and it has the characteristics of a "pig".

Red Mountain Jade Dragon, Collection of the National Museum of China

Business period

Shang and Zhou bronze casting technology was developed

As a kind of ornamentation, the dragon pattern has various forms

For example: Creeping Dragon, Curly Dragon

Corolla dragons, two-body dragons, two-headed dragons, etc

It will also be combined with geometric patterns and arabesques

Shang gluttonous kui dragon pattern Fang Yi collection of the Asian Art Museum

The more common "Kui Dragon Pattern"

It is a distinctive curly dragon pattern:

With the dragon's head as the center, the pan rolls one turn or one and a half turns

Form a ring or disc

The faucet is either straight or sideways

It is decorated on bronze ceremonial vessels or weapons

It represents the supreme authority and dignity

Shang Dai Ge 卣 is a wine container

The edge of the cover, the edge of the mouth and the foot of the ring are decorated with dragon patterns

Shang Ge 卣 Collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

Shang Hou's mother Xin bronze

It is a standing four-legged beast

The lid is decorated with a dragon, and the whole body is based on cloud and thunder patterns

Shang Houmu Xin bronze collection of the National Museum of China

Spring and Autumn Lotus Crane Copper Square Pot

Agile shape

Each of the four sides is decorated with a dragon

The horns are curved, the shoulders are winged, and the long tail is curled up

There are also two capuchin beasts under the lap

Qin and Han dynasties

During the Qin and Han dynasties, the feudal system deepened

Dragons have a close relationship with the monarchy

A beast transformed from a god

Become a symbol of the "Nine Martial Supreme".

Dragon's "Lü's Spring and Autumn" lieutenant general Jin Wengong

"Metaphor for the Dragon"

Qin Shi Huang is known as the "ancestral dragon".

It is recorded in the "Historical Records":

"Gaozu is a man who is proud and accurate. ”

The emperors of the past generations called themselves "the true dragon emperor"

Anonymous Warring States Period, Character Imperial Dragon Silk Painting, Hunan Museum Collection

Dragons were applied to imperial artifacts

Such as dragon robes, dragon chairs, dragon beds, etc

Han "Huan Dragon" bronze seal collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

The image is an abstract dragon pattern from the Shang and Zhou dynasties

Evolved into a refined "S" shape

Han portrait brick "Chopping Jiao Tu"

The jade dragon of the Warring States period wears a dragon and a phoenix

Symbolizes the concept of "yin and yang".

The overall shape is light and graceful, and the portrayal is delicate

Warring States period green jade dragon pendant collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei

The dragons of the Han Dynasty focused on momentum and verve

The dragon has a thick body, a distinct body and tail, and resembles a tiger

The shape is beautiful and the charm is vivid

Han pottery dragon and tiger stripe well fence collection of the Palace Museum

A dragon and phoenix pattern jade horn-shaped cup in the early Western Han Dynasty

The dragon head on the front is in the form of relief, and the tail winds downward

The twisted dragon's tail extends to the front

Rested on by clear dragon claws

The back design of the phoenix bird feather crown crosses the dragon's tail

Transform into a common floral pattern at this time

The dragon and phoenix pattern jade horn-shaped cup of the early Western Han Dynasty is in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei

The dragon of the Eastern Han Dynasty dragon pattern jade ring

The expression is mighty, the feet are leaning forward, and the momentum is extraordinary

Eastern Han Dynasty dragon pattern jade ring collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei

Tang Dynasty

During the Tang Dynasty, the national power was at its peak

The dragon pattern mostly appears in gold, silver, and jade

porcelain and other imperial supplies

Tang Qinglong brick, collection of the Palace Museum

Shuanglong ear bottle or Shuanglong handle pot

It is one of the common shapes of the Tang Dynasty

Slender neck

The two dragons opened their mouths to suck into the bottle

Forming two curved beautiful ears

Tang white porcelain double dragon ear vase collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei

The dragon pattern of the Tang Dynasty shows the temperament of the times

Solemn and upright, graceful and luxurious

It's not just about flying through the clouds

You can also turn over the river and the sea and enter the main water palace

On the basis of the dragon pattern of the Han Dynasty

It is more elegant, vibrant

Tang dragon pattern gold ornament collection of Shaanxi History Museum

surname

Yuan Zhu Yu "Dragon Palace Water House Page" (detail)

Collection of the Palace Museum

The dragon of the Song Dynasty is a continuation of the Tang dragon

The dragon body is slender and free

With a vigorous and galloping image, it jumps on the paper

It reveals a smart and delicate beauty

Northern Song Dynasty Ding kiln white glaze printed cloud dragon pattern plate 

Collection of the Shanghai Museum

Compared to Tang Long's majestic momentum

The dragons of this period are a little less powerful

But it's a little more beautiful

The details of dragons are often vividly depicted

It has a more realistic style

Song jasper embossed flying dragon pattern ear cup 

Collection of the Palace Museum

Octa-pointed diamond-shaped mirror

The back is decorated with dragon patterns and longevity and blessings

Ssangyong closes the mirror button

Such as the momentum of the double dragon arch bead

Song Double Dragon Pattern Rhombic Mirror Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei

A famous connoisseur of calligraphy and painting in the Northern Song Dynasty

Guo Ruoxu in "Pictures and Stories".

The dragon pattern is described in detail:

(Southern Song Dynasty painter Chen Rong's "Nine Dragons Walking in the Rain" dragon of different shapes, collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)

"The dragon painter, fold out the three stops:

From the head to the arm, the arm to the waist, the waist to the tail;

Divided into nine likenesses: horns like a deer, head like a camel,

The eyes are like tigers, the necks are like snakes, and the belly is like mirages,

The scales are like carp, the claws are like eagles, and the palms are like tigers,

Ears like cows. Poor swimming meandering,

It is advisable to swing and rise, and still have mane and elbow hair,

The strokes are strong and fast, and it is better to give birth to the flesh. ”

Southern Song Dynasty Chen Rong "Divine Dragon and Rain" (detail)

Collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

In "Five Dragons", the five dragons come together

or see only its head but not its tail

Or only show up and not see you

The pen is wonderful, and the spirit is full of energy

The inscription reads:

"When the sky is cloudy, the exhibition shaft is closed,

I'm afraid of riding the wind and rain to go to the high. ”

Southern Song Dynasty Chen Rong "Five Dragons" (detail)

Collection of the Tokyo National Museum

Ming and Qing dynasties

Qing Dynasty Anonymous "Portrait of Emperor Qianlong in Imperial Costumes" in the collection of the Palace Museum

The Ming and Qing dynasties were a period of high concentration of imperial power

The emperors wore dragon robes and dragon crowns

Sit on the dragon chair and live in the dragon garden

The palace is decorated with beams

There are dragons everywhere

Qing gold inlaid double dragon play bead bracelet in the collection of the Palace Museum

The overall image of the dragon in the Ming Dynasty

Mighty and vigorous, burly and energetic

There is the momentum of angry hair rushing to the crown

The upper forehead is high and protruding, in the shape of a wish

Roaring among the clouds of the sea

to show dominance

Ming Chenghua Doucai Cloud Dragon Pattern Tianzi Lid Jar Collection of the Palace Museum

明嘉靖 素三彩暗刻双龙纹坐墩 

Collection of the Palace Museum

The dragons of the Qing Dynasty were more dignified and majestic

It has a royal extravagance

The back of the dragon's head is plump and the body is muscular

It seems to be "about to come out", shaking the heavens and the earth

Bright yellow satin embroidered color cloud bat gold dragon pattern male cotton dragon robe

Collection of the Palace Museum

Qing stone blue color cloud gold dragon pattern makeup satin women's jacket

Collection of the Palace Museum

Qing stone blue color cloud gold dragon pattern makeup yarn male clip court robe

Collection of the Palace Museum

明 嘉靖款戗金彩漆龙纹匣 

Collection of the Palace Museum

These dragons

It gives a glimpse of the extravagance and magnificence of the royal family

and the glory and wealth that ordinary people can't reach

Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty black lacquer depicted gold cloud dragon pattern pipe bristle pen grasping

Collection of the Palace Museum

The auspicious dragon wakes up in spring, and all things are abundant

May the new 2024

After the submersible accumulation

Soar up, look up and see joy

Southern Song Dynasty Chen Rong, "Song Shenlong Pei Yu" (detail), collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

Resources:

Gao Wangfei, The Dragon and Its Cultural Connotation in the Classic of Mountains and Seas

Zhang Yuyang, "Exploring the Origin of the Chinese Dragon from Archaeological Data"

Li Yutong and Zou Chengwei "The Origin, Evolution and Development of Chinese Dragon Culture"

Embroidery "To understand the history of the evolution of Chinese dragon patterns, it is enough to read this!"

(This article only represents the author's point of view and does not represent the position of this number)

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