#精品长文创作季#
Li Zicheng, the "King of Chuang", who raised an army to overthrow the Ming Dynasty and finally succeeded, has been controversial for hundreds of years after his death. The Manchu Dynasty and the literati Confucian, in the "History of the Ming Dynasty", "Qing History Manuscript" and other historical books, as well as various literati notes, wild history legends, smeared him, saying that he was a demon who killed people like hemp and ate human flesh raw.
And many modern people who have become "Ming fans" because of reading popular books such as "Those Things in the Ming Dynasty" also lashed out at Li Zicheng, thinking that he rebelled in order to seize the country, ran around, coerced the people, and wandered around, after the destruction of the Ming Dynasty, he couldn't beat the Manchu Dynasty, and he was a sinner for the ages who made the Ming Dynasty fall and Shenzhou Lu Shen.
In the same way, there are many people who are full of sympathy for this leader of the rebel army who was born as a commoner, and deplore his success and defeat under the attack of the Manchus and the landlords. For example, Mr. Gu Cheng, a giant in the history of the Southern Ming Dynasty, overturned many traditional perceptions of Li Zicheng through detailed historical materials in his book "History of the Peasant War in the Late Ming Dynasty".
Li Zicheng rebelled against the Ming Dynasty, and there is no need to blame him. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the world was in turmoil, and the responsibility for the people's livelihood was not in him but in the Ming Dynasty government.
Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen is certainly a good night, the starry night rises, every dynasty is not embellished, from a subjective standpoint also want to work hard to be diligent and love the people, but he is simply unable to get rid of the Ming Dynasty more than 200 years of accumulated system ills, but also suffered natural disasters year after year, in the end can only take care of the head and tail, tear down the east wall to make up the west wall, so, the abolition of the post station, the suspension of water conservancy, disaster relief is unfavorable, causing thousands of displaced people to abandon their families.
When the people were even robbed of life-saving food for selling their sons and daughters, how could they not rebel? Could it be that the officials could eat Guanyin soil on the banks of the Qinhuai River, and deserve to be eaten by dead children, and the whole family should starve to death?
When Yang Sichang, the assistant minister of the Ming Cabinet, could openly shout to the people [Don't be an An'an starvation, follow the praying mantis], all those who are trying to fight and want to find a way to live for themselves are actually excusable.
The monk Zhu Chongba, who started a bowl, could take advantage of the chaos at the end of the Yuan Dynasty to win this picturesque country for his descendants. Li Zicheng, who was originally a post minister, was expelled from unemployment by his children and grandchildren, and saw natural and man-made disasters, people's hearts were in turmoil, the people were in turmoil, and the officials forced the people to rebel.
However, we might as well see a historical fact: When the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, did the Han people in the world abandon the Ming Dynasty? It is clear that the first person to be abandoned was precisely the righteous teacher who some people wishfully thought of as "hanging the people and cutting down crimes," and Li Zicheng, the "Emperor of Yongchang of Dashun."
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, many heroes, from Zheng Chenggong to Li Dingguo to Zhang Huangyan, including Li Zicheng's heir Li Laiheng, would rather use the banner of Emperor Chongzhen and Emperor Nanming, who were "mediocre and incompetent to mislead the country" in the eyes of many people, and were determined to resist the Qing Dynasty for half a century, rather than using the so-called "Dashun" banner of Li Zicheng, who "represents the people and the righteous side".
After more than 200 years of Manchu rule, only Han heroes and heroes went to "oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty" again and again.
The premise of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty was that Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, expelled the Tartars, so that China was re-glorified and the sun and the moon were reopened in the Great Song Dynasty.
The Ming Dynasty not only restored all the territory of the Song Dynasty, but also recovered all the regions of Yunnan, Hexi, Youyun and Liaodong, which had been lost for hundreds of years. After the founding of the country, more troops were sent to the Northern Expedition, and the blue jade fishing was a great victory, and the Mengyuan royal family was captured; Zhu Di was across the desert, and the Mongolian tribes all looked forward to the scenery, and the legitimacy of the world for more than 200 years has long been very consolidated.
In contrast, after the Jiashen Incident, Li Zicheng captured Beijing and forced Emperor Chongzhen to death, but then was defeated by the Manchu Eight Banners Army and Wu Sangui Guanning Army in the Battle of Yishi.
Under the internal and external attacks of the enemy army twice its size, Li Zicheng's army suffered heavy losses, the number one fierce general Liu Zongmin was seriously wounded, and the middle-level generals suffered numerous losses, and it was difficult to gain a foothold in the Gyeonggi and Hebei regions, so they were forced to retreat westward in a hurry. After only 46 days in Beijing, the act of extinguishing the light became a human marriage.
After that, Li Zicheng was defeated and retreated, losing a large amount of territory, so that the Manchu regime succeeded in conquering the Central Plains in only one year, and the legitimacy of his regime naturally disappeared.
At this time, most of the southern region still respected the banner of Nanming, but they would never have any identification with Li Zicheng, who "caused chaos in the Central Plains and forced the monarch's father to death". The hundreds of thousands of Dashun troops who retreated to the Yangtze River were intercepted in front and pursued in the rear, and they were almost cornered.
Therefore, when Li Zicheng died in Jiugong Mountain unexpectedly, his heir Li Guo and his wife Gao, faced with the reality that people's hearts were fluctuating and would be scattered, they had to throw away the "Dashun" banner that no longer won the hearts of the people, and would rather submit to the Nanming regime, which was also in the waning West Mountain, and accepted various titles such as dukes, marquis, and uncles of Nanming.
Li Laiheng, the heir of Li Zicheng, finally led the rest of the Dashun Army to stick to Maolu Mountain, a generation of heroes who fought against the Qing army and martyred the country, and also died as the Duke of the Ming Dynasty.
I Xuanyuan blood descendant Yan Huang noble, reigning on the East Asian continent for more than 4,000 years, dynasty change is a common thing, the picturesque country has never been the private property of a family name. If Li Zicheng can defeat the Manchu Qing Dynasty and open up a new dynasty, of course, we will not hesitate to praise him for anything, and we can even praise him as a great national hero comparable to Zhu Yuanzhang, a generation of Ming monarchs and saints of the top five levels in history, but it is a pity...... Who made him lose?
Li Zicheng's sin was not because he destroyed the Ming Dynasty, but because he could not defeat the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and he was defeated and died in just over a year, leaving hundreds of millions of Han people to be slaves for more than 200 years, and then making the Chinese nation seriously fall behind the European and American powers in the era of modernization, and face the crisis of not only destroying the country but even extinction. This is his [historical original sin]! It is the historical original sin that cannot be concealed by all his beautiful personal virtues, such as frugality and tolerance, kindness to generals, and "loving the people like sons"!
If you become a king or lose, why complain!
Moreover, from the moment Li Zicheng ascended the throne and became Emperor Yongchang of Dashun, like Emperor Chongzhen, he was already a member of the feudal landlord class, and the real more advanced class could not be born at that time.
In other words, if history can assume that Emperor Yongchang was given two more years to calmly run the Dashun Dynasty, it was nothing more than the same set that lasted for nearly 2,000 years from Liu Bang to Zhu Yuanzhang.
However, even if such a new regime succeeded in defeating the Manchus, it could only be the next feudal dynasty of the landlord class, and there was absolutely no possibility of becoming a truly advanced regime representing the direction of the development of the times.
Therefore, there is no need to force the ancient history to carve a boat for a sword, let alone wishful thinking to imagine His Majesty the Yongchang Emperor as a revolutionary army, he is just a failed feudal emperor.
What's more, everyone in our modern society, dating back to ancient times, is actually the descendants of those rich and handsome 300 years ago, 500 years ago, and 1000 years ago.
The genes of those who are not tall, handsome or rich at the same time have long been eliminated and extinct. Very simply, with the low productivity of ancient society, the life of an ordinary civilian is as humble as dust, and can be easily wiped out by various natural and man-made disasters.
The so-called natural selection and survival of the fittest are like this. Therefore, when future generations talk about history, their feelings are more inclined to the emperors and generals, but it is also natural, because of course they are our real blood relatives and distant ancestors, and it is their hard work and reproduction of genes that will have the existence of our descendants who are either competitive or not.
Of course, with the advent of the modernization era, as long as it is a Han dynasty, it will definitely be stronger than the Hu conquering dynasty of the Manchu Dynasty, which is "a small clan overpowering a big country". It also includes the Dashun Dynasty that "assumes that Li Zicheng succeeded in destroying the Qing Dynasty".
But even such a Han dynasty, even if it was able to achieve the modernization reform and industrial revolution like Tsarist Russia, not only succeeded in resisting the foreign powers, but also laid a large territory......
At the beginning of the 20th century, at the latest, after the end of the First World War, shouldn't it have been overthrown?
However, it is a pity that as an emerging maritime force that just appeared on the stage of history at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Chenggong, and Zheng Jing were seriously immature politically, lacking the ambition and political goal of competing for the world, and lacking the ability to effectively integrate their own forces and turn them into powerful state apparatus like the Manchu Emperor Taiji.
In terms of military science and technology, although the Zheng family had contact with Western Europe, it only stayed at the level of introducing weapons, so the Zheng army's land combat level was certainly not good, and even the new ships of Western Europe did not try to imitate and improve.
Therefore, although the economic strength of the Zheng family is strong, and the entrepot trade is booming, the huge wealth cannot be converted into an actual occupied area after all, and it is difficult to consolidate the occupation of even the southern half of the province, and the base area has always been cramped to a few islands, and the population and military strength are too scarce, so although it can hold out for more than 40 years, resist the Manchu Qing until the end, it is still helpless to fall.
Jiashen Yinjian is not far away, and they are all Han heroes. cannibalism taught foreign criminals to take advantage of the situation and steal the world. Whether it was Li Zicheng or Emperor Chongzhen, what was the benefit of fighting again?