On the Development of Think Tank Talents-Xue Yongwu|China Think Tank, National Think Tank-National (China) Think Tank

On the Development of Think Tank Talents-Xue Yongwu|China Think Tank, National Think Tank-National (China) Think Tank

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On the basis of sorting out the main types of think tanks in mainland China, while affirming the important achievements of think tanks in mainland China, the main problems existing in the construction of think tanks in mainland China are pointed out. Mapping and researching Chinese think tanks: Dialogue with Chinese think tanks, national think tanks, and national (Chinese) think tanks. This paper analyzes the qualities and abilities of think tank talents in mainland China from multiple perspectives, and puts forward specific ideas and methods for the government to attach great importance to the construction of think tank talent teams.

Think tanks (or think tanks) are an important means and organizational element of modern social governance and citizen participation in politics, and have been increasingly valued by countries around the world. "In the context of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, think tanks, as an important part of the country's soft power and national governance system, have become an important force in promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity." ”[1]

However, due to the influence of various subjective and objective factors, the construction of the talent team of think tanks in the mainland is still lagging behind, and it is far from satisfying the urgent need of the society for think tank talents. Therefore, building a team of high-quality think tanks with the ability to participate in and discuss politics and being far-sighted and sagacious is an important task for implementing the strategy of strengthening the country with talents.

1. The main types of think tanks in mainland China

The number of think tanks on the mainland seems to be very large, but there are not too many of them, and although many departments also have certain think tank functions, they are not think tanks in the academic sense. On the whole, there are three main types of think tanks in the mainland: think tanks in the party and government system, think tanks in public institutions, and think tanks in the non-governmental sector. According to incomplete statistics from the Chinese Human Science Research Report (2016 volume), the mainland currently has about 2,400 think tanks of all levels and types, including about 1,500 official think tanks, more than 700 university think tanks, and about 200 non-governmental think tanks.

(1) Think tanks of party and government departments

Think tanks of party and government departments refer to institutions such as policy research offices set up by party committees and governments at or above the county and city levels. The Central Committee, the State Council, and the party committees and governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), cities and counties have set up policy research offices. The functions of the party and government policy research offices are mainly to carry out policy research in accordance with the actual and long-term needs of the country, and to put forward constructive research reports, and generally do not study purely theoretical issues.

The Central Policy Research Office and the State Council Research Office and Research Center have their own research contents: The Central Policy Research Office is the highest think tank of the Communist Party of China and an organ directly under the Central Committee.

The Development Research Center of the State Council is a policy research and advisory body directly under the State Council, which mainly studies overall, long-term, comprehensive, and strategic issues related to social development, national economy, and reform and opening up, and provides policy recommendations to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. In terms of status, the Central Policy Research Office has a higher status and a more distinct political nature; professionally speaking, the Development Research Center of the State Council has more experts and attaches more importance to rational and scientific study.

In addition to paying attention to the major policies of the party and the state, the policy research offices of local party committees and governments mainly carry out targeted countermeasure research aimed at the actual problems of cities and counties in their own provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). The main characteristics of party committees and government think tanks are that they have a large number of personnel, can be closely linked to practical policies, and have sufficient research funds, but they have two shortcomings:

First, apart from the large number of experts in the State Council's research offices and research centers, there are not too many experts in other research offices, which objectively affect the scientific nature of policy decisions; second, due to the influence of the administrative management system and the official position, the experts in the research offices sometimes lack relative independent thinking, and it is difficult to guarantee the relative independence and objectivity of the research, which may affect the scientific nature of the research reports.

(2) Think tanks of public institutions

There are two main types of think tanks in public institutions: the first type is the state-level scientific research institutions and the research institutions of various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). At the national level, there are two main academies: the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. There are many research institutes and many famous experts in these two compounds. All provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) and municipalities also have social science research institutes or academies of sciences, and some provinces also have many industrial academies of science or other research institutions.

On the one hand, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences study academic issues such as basic theories and scientific research innovation, and on the other hand, they study practical problems according to the needs of the country, and put forward constructive research reports for the reference of the central government, the State Council, and various ministries, commissions and bureaus of the state. The research institutes of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and prefecture-level cities not only study basic theories and general academic issues, but also study practical problems around the development needs of their own provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and their own cities, and submit research reports to the government.

In addition, some of the ministries, commissions and bureaus of the state have also set up corresponding research institutes. The advantages of the above-mentioned scientific research institutions of public institutions are that they are relatively specialized, have a large number of experts and scholars, and have relatively sufficient funds, but due to the influence of the system, it is difficult for some research institutions to guarantee the relative independence, objectivity, and scientificity of their research.

The second category is university research institutes. Among the research institutions in colleges and universities, there are not only schools and faculties set up by themselves, but also research institutions set up by various ministries and commissions of the state and local party committees and governments. In general, university research institutes focus more on academic theoretical research and sometimes submit constructive research reports, but the government and universities do not pay enough attention to research reports.

The advantage of university think tanks is that the basic theories are relatively solid and there are many personnel, but there are two major problems: first, theoretically speaking, through teaching and scientific research, university teachers across the country can express their insights on social issues, but in fact, many scholars often lack effective ways to participate in politics, so it is difficult to play their due role;

Second, the scientific research institutions of colleges and universities are insufficient, and some of the research institutes set up by state ministries, commissions, bureaus, and local party and government organs in colleges and universities are only listed on the list and have no funds; while most of the research institutes set up by colleges and universities are not substantial, have no separate establishment, have no fixed personnel, and have no funds, and are typical "three no" institutions, which will objectively inevitably affect countermeasure research.

(3) Non-governmental think tanks

Compared with institutional think tanks or official think tanks, private think tanks are "think tanks outside the system" or social think tanks, with the characteristics of independent identity, financial independence, operational independence and academic neutrality.

Non-governmental think tanks are characterized by pluralism, flexibility and openness, and have put forward many constructive research reports for the decision-making of the mainland government. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the mainland's non-governmental think tanks began in the mid-to-late 80s of the 20th century, and Tang Lei believes that we can identify 1986 as the "first year" of the development of China's non-governmental think tanks. On July 21, 1986, Wan Li, then a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, made a report on "Democratization and Scientificization of Decision-making is an Important Topic of Political System Reform" at the National Symposium on Soft Science Research.

It is equivalent to sounding the first round of clarion call to strengthen policy research and think tank construction in the new era. [2] In fact, the market economy has promoted the transformation of government functions and also promoted the development of non-governmental think tanks, which began to move towards the track of rapid development after the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and gradually entered a period of stable development after the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. [3]

At present, among the non-governmental think tanks in the mainland, the construction of China and globalization think tanks has taken the lead in setting an example. Adhering to the tenet of "advising China from a global perspective and providing advice to the world with Chinese wisdom",[4] the think tank is committed to research in the fields of China's globalization strategy, talent internationalization, and enterprise internationalization. According to the 2015 Global Think Tank Report, the most authoritative international think tank report released by the University of Pennsylvania Think Tank Research Project, the Center for China and Globalization (CCG) ranked 110th in the list of the world's top think tanks, and ranked 7th in the list of China's top think tanks.

It was selected as one of the world's best independent think tanks and one of the top 50 most noteworthy think tanks in the world. The think tank is a leading international think tank in China and one of the largest social think tanks in China. In addition, in order to increase the research strength, Fangdi Think Tank has hired more than 60 well-known experts from outside the think tank to form a research team of small institutions and large networks; Huaxia New Supply Economics Research Institute focuses on building a platform-based think tank, and has launched two important talent gathering platforms, "China New Supply Economics 50 Forum" and "China Ageing Finance 50 Forum", bringing together more than 100 influential experts and scholars in the two fields. [5]

In addition, at the national level, the eight democratic parties on the mainland can actually play the role of think tanks. Democratic parties are collectively the name of eight political parties participating in the Communist Party of China in Chinese mainland, including the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, the China Democratic League, the China Democratic Construction Association, the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, the China Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, the China Zhi Gong Party, the Jiusan Society, and the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League.

The basic principle of cooperation between the CPC and the democratic parties is "long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity, and sharing weal and woe." Under the political pattern of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the multi-party cooperation system, for the sake of national development and national rejuvenation, all ethnic parties should give full play to the role of high-end think tanks in the process of participating in and discussing politics. However, from a practical point of view, the function of the mainland's democratic parties in participating in and discussing state affairs has not yet been fully unleashed, and they still need to continue to play a more active role.

Second, the quality and ability that think tank talents need to have

The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that it is necessary to "strengthen the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics and establish and improve the decision-making consultation system", raising the construction of think tanks to a strategic height. Think tanks are strategic human resources that must be strengthened to implement the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, and they are high-end talents who can put forward strategic decision-making opinions for the country's economic and social development. Therefore, strengthening the construction of high-end think tank talent team is of great significance for the mainland to make scientific strategic decisions.

(1) Think tank talents should have a strong sense of social responsibility

Standing in the overall interests of the country and the nation, starting from the height of the times, with the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as the goal, think tank talents should not only dare to pinpoint the disadvantages of the times, but also look at the bright and hopeful future, gradually form farsightedness, and put forward effective and constructive suggestions.

Think tanks are think tanks and think tanks for national decision-making, and whether their opinions and suggestions are scientific and correct will directly affect the decision-making of the party and the state. Think tank talents should have a strong sense of social responsibility, conduct in-depth research, discuss politics rigorously, be real public intellectuals, and not be "pseudo-public knowledge", "beasts" and "bricks" ridiculed by society. Although the number of such "pseudo-public knowledge," "beasts," and "brick families" is small, their influence and harm are extremely great, objectively damaging the image of professors and experts, and may even affect the correct policy decisions of the party and the government.

Think tank talents are very important high-end talents, only with a strong sense of social responsibility, with the feelings of worrying about the country and the people, in order to stand at the height of social development and progress, overcome the limitations of personal interests, beyond the limitations of specific occupations, regions and strata and other thinking horizons, for the country's reform and prosperity, put forward insightful ideas, and truly provide high-end intellectual support for the development of the country.

From the perspective of talent development, think tank talents have a strong sense of social responsibility, so as to "stimulate the endogenous motivation of talents' self-achievement...... The ideal of serving the country and serving the people, the spirit of hard work, courage to climb new heights, self-shaping and self-transcendence are the necessary conditions for the growth and achievement of good talents in any society." [6] Therefore, think tank talents should have a sense of historical mission, worry about the worries of the world first, and have the courage to assume social responsibility.

(2) Think tank talents should have a mountain-shaped knowledge structure and ability structure

Think tank talents must have a strong sense of social responsibility, and also have the knowledge structure and ability structure of mountain-type talents, so as to form innovative penetrating power and put forward constructive new countermeasures in the process of integration.

Mountainous talents have a compound and optimized knowledge structure and ability structure, which is an ideal internal structure for talents. From the perspective of think tank talents, if the research field of experts is too narrow, it is easy to sit in a well and watch the sky, and become a frog at the bottom of the well, it is difficult to grasp the overall situation. From the perspective of discipline research, most scholars have been teaching and researching in a second-level discipline or even a third-level discipline for a long time, lacking the ability of cross-border integration and Civic integration.

From the perspective of thinking innovation and product innovation, "various elements intersect, synergize and share with each other, bringing integration and spillover effects, forming cross-border integration, and continuously giving birth to more new ideas, new technologies, new products, new models and new formats"; [7] From a logical point of view, if experts do not have a macro vision, it is impossible to integrate their thinking, and it is easy to see only benevolence or wisdom when solving problems.

There are many reasons for the expansion of the mainland's anti-rightist movement in 1957, the Great Leap Forward in 1958, the Cultural Revolution in 1966, and the mistakes made in policy decisions since the beginning of reform and opening up, but they are not unrelated to the lack of an optimized knowledge structure and ability structure among policymakers and some experts.

Therefore, in order to strengthen the construction of think tank talents, scholars themselves should broaden their academic horizons, dare to break disciplinary barriers, and strive to open up the direct and indirect connections between various related disciplines through interdisciplinary cross-penetration and integration, integrate all kinds of knowledge and principles that need to be mastered, and transform knowledge into problem-solving ability, so as to realize the three-dimensional cross-penetration and integration of the horizontal axis and vertical axis of knowledge and ability, and to experience real sharp eyes and insights.

(3) Think tank talents should have a global vision

Judging from the historical requirements of the development of globalization, there is still a big gap between the quantity and quality of mainland think tank talents and the needs of society. In order to expand the systematic and holistic nature of the vision, think tank experts should stand in the dimension of the intersection of diachronic and synchronic globalization, start from the history and reality of the mainland, and provide forward-looking wisdom for the comprehensive development of the mainland's economy and society through a systematic and overall grasp of the global vision.

Think tank talents should have a global vision, be confident about important issues such as history, politics, law, economy, culture, diplomacy, society, national character, social psychology and value orientation of all countries in the world, especially some major countries, and on the basis of recognizing various complex phenomena and deep-seated causes, they should not only see the benevolent but also the wise when understanding, analyzing, and solving problems, and strive to achieve objectivity, integrity, comprehensiveness, and systematization in thinking.

Think tank talents should have a global vision, first, they must understand the history and national conditions of the mainland, understand the characteristics and essential connotation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, especially have an in-depth understanding of the various intricate social contradictions in the period of social transition in the mainland, and especially grasp the various practical problems that have arisen or may arise when the reform enters the deep water area;

Second, it is necessary to understand some relevant conventions and other relevant regulations of a worldwide nature; third, it is necessary to correctly understand and handle the direct and indirect relations between the continent and the countries of the world and between the countries of the world, correctly understand the dialectical relationship between the national character and the world character, and find correct ideas and scientific methods for solving problems while extensively absorbing the wisdom of the nation and the world.

(4) Think tank talents should have a global mindset

Think tank talents should not only have a global vision, but also expand their global thinking and better play the role of think tanks in the historical process of globalization.

"Globalization" is a very fashionable word since the reform and opening up, but many scholars do not fully understand the connotation of globalization. From the perspective of linguistic concepts, "global" refers to the whole world, and "transformation" means transformation and change. The meaning of "globalization" refers to the historical process of transforming the world in accordance with the interests and aspirations of the peoples of all countries in the world. Obviously, globalization is not Westernization, unilateralism, or Americanization, and we should play a positive role in the process of globalization with a positive and enterprising attitude.

Globalization is generally in line with the law of development of human history, embodies the inevitable trend of human social development, and is also a manifestation of the interaction and symbiosis of a community with a shared future for mankind. In the process of globalization, countries around the world promote the common development of all countries through active and conscious exchanges, information sharing, cultural sharing, resource sharing, talent sharing, and wisdom sharing. From the perspective of a community with a shared future for mankind, think tank talents should fully understand the connotation and extension of globalization, and grasp the scientific, democratic, symbiotic and shared processes of globalization.

In the historical process of globalization in China, the suggestions and countermeasures of think tank talents should not only reflect Chinese characteristics, but also consciously imply the shareability of mankind through Chinese characteristics, because globalization is not only pure economic globalization, but through mutual exchanges, mutual influence and mutual promotion between countries in the world, and gradually realize cultural globalization and civilization globalization, that is, through the spread and exchange of culture and civilization, all countries and nationalities promote each other in the integration of cultures, produce positive symbiotic effects, and achieve diversified development. Diversity sharing and diversity and win-win.

When grasping the global mindset for think tank research, we also need to correctly understand and grasp the dialectical relationship between national and global characteristics. The author once pointed out in the article "The Role Shaping of Talents in University Think Tanks": "Nationality in a broad sense refers to the national attributes of a specific nation, including the unity of the nation's way of thinking, lifestyle, customs, values and external forms; Nationality in a narrow sense refers to the national attributes that are conducive to the survival and development of the nation, that is, the unity of scientific way of thinking, civilized way of life and customs, and its correct values and external forms.

Cosmopolitanism refers to the commonality of mankind expressed by all countries and nations in the world in terms of ways of thinking, lifestyles, customs, customs, and values. Nationality and universality are not the unity of opposites, but the unity of concrete and abstract, individual and general, individual and common, partial and whole. Only those advanced, civilized, and scientific national cultures that are conducive to the survival and development of the nation can go global. ”[8]

Nationalization is the organic unity of tradition and modernity, and it is also the product of the times of the integration of national culture and world culture. Therefore, when we understand the global thinking, we should correctly understand the relationship between Chinese characteristics, localization and cosmopolitanism in the integration and unity of diachronic and synchronic, not only to avoid blind eyes and sit in the well and look at the sky, but also to be culturally confident, and fundamentally overcome the binary way of thinking of either/or.

(5) Think tank talents should have the ability to integrate Civic

When researching the strategy of maritime power, the author first proposed the concept of "Civic integration",[9] and believed that the implementation of the strategy of maritime power requires the ability of Civic integration. "Civic" refers to the field of thinking and thinking. "Civic integration" refers to the realm of integration in the field of thinking and thought, and it is also the concrete embodiment of integration in the field of thinking and thought. Only when think tank talents have the ability to integrate Civic can they avoid the obscurity and one-sidedness of thinking, and can they put forward effective and innovative suggestions.

Think tank talents should draw the wisdom of Civic integration from traditional Chinese culture. An important attribute of Chinese cultural self-confidence lies in the breadth and depth of open thinking in ancient China, which reflects the unity of diachronic and synchronic thinking, and has the great versatility and inclusiveness of Civic integration. The integration of traditional Chinese culture has not only the philosophical wisdom of "the unity of heaven and man", but also the sense of responsibility of "the world is for the public" and "the rise and fall of the world is the responsibility of the husband";

It has not only the concept of governing the country that is "people-oriented" and "the people are the foundation of the country", but also the sense of distress of "carrying the boat and sinking the boat" and "being prepared for danger in times of peace"; there is not only the peaceful thinking of "stopping hostility for martial arts" and "concording all nations", but also the broad mind of "embracing all rivers and rivers and being tolerant"; there is not only the breadth of thinking of "the eight extremes of refinement"; there is also the thinking height of "traveling with the heart"; there is the life philosophy of "being kind to others" and "doing unto others what you do not want to be done to you", as well as the enterprising spirit and overall thinking of "self-cultivation and family governance and peace in the world".

The profundity and richness of the above ideas fully contain the thinking connotation of Civic integration, and provide a thinking power for cultural self-confidence and finding new growth points in cultural development and innovation. Therefore, think tank talents should be inspired by the wisdom of ancient Chinese civic integration, and gain theoretical impetus to stimulate innovative wisdom.

Think tank talents should cultivate the ability of Civic integration, pay attention to the development of imagination, but also pay attention to the cultivation of excellent logical thinking ability, in accordance with the spirit of science and the needs of reality, with the dimension of logic to interweave infinite spatial imagination, to form a three-dimensional thinking system that oversees the overall situation.

(6) Think tank talents should have ideas and methods to solve practical problems

In the face of various complex and diverse social contradictions, think tank experts should have the ideas and methods to predict, discover, analyze and solve problems, and put forward feasible suggestions and countermeasures for the government's scientific decision-making and scientific management.

Think tank talents should have a scientific and rigorous attitude, form new ideas with intelligence and wisdom, put forward effective suggestions and countermeasures for national governance, and guide the way for social development and progress. However, due to the influence of many aspects, the forward-looking ability of mainland think tank talents to put forward ideas and methods to solve problems is generally not high.

Failing to give full play to the role of think tanks, "researchers' strategic prediction capabilities, in-depth research capabilities, data analysis capabilities, project acquisition capabilities, and external communication capabilities are not strong, and their international communication skills are relatively lagging behind." [10] In order to improve their decision-making ability, think tank talents should, in principle, master the following ideas for solving problems:

First, understand what are the problems that need to be solved at the macro and micro levels, what are the causes of these problems, and logically whether there are one cause and many effects, one effect and multiple causes, or many causes and one effect, or many causes and multiple effects.

Second, we need to recognize the complexity and harmfulness of these practical problems, and let government departments understand the necessity, importance and urgency of solving these problems.

Third, with regard to the problems to be solved, it is necessary to distinguish between priority and urgency and the relationship between priority and priority, which are urgent to be solved and which are not in a hurry to be solved but must be solved. Strive to do the main first, first urgent and then slow, step by step, orderly.

Fourth, clarify the main body of the problem. If it is a multi-agent, it is also necessary to clarify the interaction between each other.

Fifth, clarify the time node and specific solution ideas to solve the problem, design the optimal solution to the problem, and plan the "roadmap" to solve the problem.

Sixth, design a follow-up evaluation link to solve the problem, predict other problems that may be caused after solving the problem, pay attention to the spillover effect or even the butterfly effect of the whole body, and do a good job of all-round prevention.

When proposing solutions, think tank talents should also pay attention to whether they are planning to solve complex problems left over from history or current social emergencies. With regard to the former, it is necessary to pay special attention to the intertwined roots of contradictions and problems; even in the face of a mess of complex contradictions, we must be good at calmly defusing them, not being surprised by changes, and learning the way of thinking of curing both the symptoms and the root causes; with regard to the latter, we should first deal with the symptoms and then slow down the problems according to the principle of treating the symptoms if they are urgent, and then slow them down, and on the premise of preventing problems from happening, we should try our best to nip the problems in the bud so as to prevent the situation from expanding.

Third, the government should attach great importance to the construction of think tank talent team

In order for think tanks to create wisdom, they are inseparable from both subjective and objective factors of think tank talents. In addition to the subjective efforts of individuals, the government has a lot to do to be productive.

(1) Attach great importance to the construction of think tank teams

Think tanks are the think tanks and staff departments of government decision-making, and they have a very important mission. Only by attaching great importance to the construction of the think tank team can the government continuously improve the ability of think tanks to participate in and discuss politics. However, it is a pity that in the construction of think tanks, the main problem is that we do not have enough understanding of the essential connotation of think tanks, for example, in the think tank team of the party and government series, due to the constraints of the system and the influence of the official-oriented thinking, some think tank experts may lack the ability to think independently, and it is sometimes difficult to make relatively independent judgments on issues, resulting in the lack of scientificity, forward-looking and feasibility of the proposals proposed.

First of all, in order to attach importance to the construction of think tanks, the government should increase the education and training of think tank talents. The focus of education and training should be on the international vision of think tanks, to Sinicize Marxism in the course of globalization, to modernize China's excellent traditional culture, to realize the dual integration of vision and civic domain in the intersection of diachronic and synchronicity, and to overcome the obscurity of thinking that obstructs oneself and observes the sky; through conscientiously studying and comprehending the spirit of the central documents, through investigation and study and in-depth thinking, and relying on various scientific principles and methods, we should submit insightful research reports to the party and the government.

Secondly, through the "revolving door" circulation between government organs and public institutions, and through multi-post vocational training, on the one hand, it is necessary to enrich the practical experience of relevant personnel, so that they can fully understand the national conditions, different job responsibilities and many practical situations; on the other hand, through two-way exchanges, multi-directional exchanges, temporary post training, national conditions research and other channels, recommend experts and scholars to relevant ministries and commissions for temporary posts or posts, or to the grassroots front-line research and research, so as to realize the scientific transformation of academic talents to think tank talents.

In addition, the government should encourage leading cadres who have been relegated to the second line or retired to participate in think tank research, who have rich management experience, who are "unofficial and light", who have no worries about promotion, and who can go beyond the stakes to a greater extent when studying problems.

Thirdly, the government should take effective measures to pay attention to the optimal combination of age, gender, personality, academic background, life experience and work experience, knowledge structure and ability structure of the think tank expert team, so as to realize the symbiotic effect of brain wisdom. With regard to major theoretical and practical issues of concern to the party and the government, it is generally necessary for teams to tackle key problems collectively; with regard to general social and local problems, it is also necessary to encourage and support the individual's original ability to fight individually and fight on their own, and we must not neglect or even suppress the wisdom of individual unique creation for the sake of the team.

(2) Establish an eclectic talent selection mechanism

To strengthen the construction of think tanks, we should establish an eclectic talent selection mechanism. "In the current world context of China's rise, China urgently needs a number of international think tanks that influence the world's discourse and disseminate China's ideological power, however, the narrowness of research fields and perspectives makes domestic think tanks unable to talk about the internationalization of talent teams and the internationalization of communication channels. [11] If we have limited horizons in selecting talents, it will be difficult to get the world's best talents and use them.

The United States is the birthplace of modern think tanks, and it is a world leader in terms of the number and quality of think tanks. The most fundamental reason why the United States has been able to dominate the world for a long time is that it attaches importance to the talent strategy, especially the construction of think tanks. According to the Global Think Tank Report 2016 compiled by the University of Pennsylvania Think Tank Research Program (TTCSP), the United States has 1,835 think tanks, ranking first in the world in terms of the number of think tanks.

Among them, 6 think tanks have been selected as the top ten think tanks in the world, and the development level of think tanks also occupies an absolute leading position. [12] Many think tanks in the United States focus on the "selection, use, education, and retention" of talents, innovate the way of selecting talents, and select think tank talents without sticking to one pattern. This practice of the United States is worthy of our study and reference.

The key to gathering talents from all over the world and using them lies in how to attract and gather talents and give full play to the role of think tank talents. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of the party's management of qualified personnel and follow the law of the socialist market economy and the law of the growth of qualified personnel. "Following the laws of market economy can enable all kinds of talents to achieve competition and survival of the fittest, meet the balance of supply and demand, and reflect the value of life in the market environment of the big waves, so that talent work can be more flexible, efficient and sustainable in promoting economic and social transformation. ”[13]

However, in terms of selecting think tank experts, some provinces even stipulate that only incumbents under the age of 55 can apply for think tank experts, while retired experts can still apply at the age of 60-70. This regulation excludes in-service experts over the age of 55 from the scope of think tank experts, which obviously violates the scientific principle of employing people.

(3) Establish a scientific talent evaluation mechanism

Scientific talent evaluation has an important motivating effect on the evaluation object. Think tank talent is a special kind of senior compound expert, and it is very important to improve the assessment and evaluation mechanism for building a think tank team. In accordance with the spirit of the central authorities, efforts should be made to change the existing way of evaluating talents based on papers, professional titles, and academic qualifications. This change applies in particular to the evaluation of think tank talent;

That is to say, the most important thing in evaluating think tank talents is to assess the level of their countermeasure research results, rather than papers, professional titles, academic qualifications and awards. In October 2018, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering jointly issued the Notice on Carrying out the Special Action to Clean Up "Only Papers, Professional Titles, Academic Qualifications, and Awards", which is also of great enlightening significance for the correct evaluation of think tank talents.

When evaluating think tank talents, the government should pay attention to the social value of applied countermeasure research, and increase the evaluation weight of the research results of countermeasure suggestions as appropriate. In particular, it should be pointed out that the premise of think tank experts conducting countermeasure research is that they must have a high level of theoretical literacy and innovation ability, and the countermeasures submitted are creative research results under the guidance of scientific theories, which can reflect the combination of theory and practice, have practical character, and can achieve good social and economic benefits.

Think tank talents are a special kind of senior talents, and the evaluation of think tank talents should not only consider the quality of applied research results, but also pay attention to flexible evaluation, and further stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of think tank talents through scientific evaluation, rather than simple quantitative management and rigid management.

(4) Strengthen the scientific management of think tank talents

In terms of strengthening the construction of think tanks, the government should strengthen the scientific management of think tank talents, not only to politically ensure the direction and advanced nature of think tank research, but also to give think tank talents sufficient freedom to study countermeasures, and to liberate the thinking and creativity of think tank talents from the perspective of emancipating talents.

First of all, the government should build a research platform that gathers outstanding talents, not only to have a group of core think tank teams with multidisciplinary backgrounds, high internationalization and high level, but also to absorb outstanding talent resources from various fields through the establishment of a think tank expert database, so as to provide a good organizational guarantee and humanistic environment for think tank experts to produce brainstorming.

Second, we should adhere to the correct direction of think tanks, eliminate management malpractices, and liberate the talent productivity of think tanks from the perspective of mechanism and system. To liberate the productivity of think tank talents, it is necessary to unleash the vitality of think tank talents, especially the creativity of ideas, that is, the ability to creatively solve problems.

In particular, with regard to supporting the construction of think tanks in party and government departments, higher-level party committees and governments should give financial support to policy research offices, loosen ideological constraints, encourage policy research offices to actively carry out creative work in think tanks, and give full play to the role of think tanks and advisers in policy research offices.

Third, the government should increase financial support for the construction of think tanks. According to the survey, most of the research institutes set up by some party and government departments in colleges and universities do not have funds, and objectively they cannot guarantee the basic research needs of these institutions. The government should increase financial support for think tanks in party and government departments, public institutions, and non-governmental think tanks, and in addition to providing funds in accordance with the plan, it can also encourage and support public institutions and non-governmental think tanks to carry out think tank research work through the method of entrusting projects.

To sum up, it can be seen that there are a large number of think tanks on the mainland, but compared with the think tanks in the United States and the needs of the mainland society, there is still a lot of room for improvement, and it is necessary to arouse the great attention of the party and the government. On the one hand, the construction of the think tank team requires high standards and strict requirements for the think tank talents themselves, and on the other hand, the government also needs to take effective measures to increase the intensity of the construction of think tank talents, improve the selection and evaluation mechanism of think tank talents, and truly gather the wisdom of the world and use them.

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On the Development of Think Tank Talents-Xue Yongwu|China Think Tank, National Think Tank-National (China) Think Tank