During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was social turmoil, sometimes many countries were in a forest, and sometimes the north and the south were opposed, which had a great impact on the family life of the people at that time: on the one hand, many people began to migrate together, on the other hand, the war broke up many families, and on the other hand, many people were captured and became slaves.
All of this led to the widespread separation of relatives in foreign countries in the society at that time.
It can be said that in this era, many separated family members have never had the opportunity to reunite, which has led to countless human tragedies.
Influenced by the Confucian concept of filial piety, people's filial piety to their parents during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was at the core of ethics and morality. In addition, the love for relatives is also an extension of filial piety. Therefore, in this era, honoring one's parents and siblings and loving each other was the preferred requirement of popular morality at that time.
Although in this era, ordinary people simply do not have the ability and conditions to go to a foreign country to find their relatives, but there are also some people who will try their best to find their relatives in a foreign country in order to reunite. Some Governments have even stepped in to redeem their counterparts. This is the phenomenon of "searching for relatives in foreign countries" during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Because of limited financial resources, inconvenient transportation, social instability, or the lack of knowledge of where their relatives will be in a foreign country, and more importantly, the country where their relatives live is in a state of hostility with their own.
Therefore, during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was extremely difficult for ordinary people to find their relatives.
Since the general concept of society during this period was to emphasize filial piety, in the dilemma of "the king before the father" or "the father before the king", the general scholars had to put the father first.
In other words, "filial piety" comes before "loyalty". In this way, the concept of filial piety in political struggle also has the value of use.
During the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao detained Xu Shu's mother and forced Xu Shu to obediently leave Liu Bei and throw himself into his arms. This is a great loss for Liu Bei, but it is a great success for Cao Cao.
In the middle of Emperor Taihe of Wei Ming, Jiang Wei surrendered to Shu, and Wei caught Jiang Wei's mother and forced her to write a letter to Jiang Wei, asking him to return to Wei.
"The Book of Jin: Five Elements Chronicles" contains: "Jiang Wei returned to Shu and lost his mother. The Wei people made their mother's handwritten letter to call Wei Linganti, and sent Angelica to give it an example. Wei Baoshu said: "Hundreds of hectares of fertile land, not counting one acre, but seeing the vision, there is no angelica." 'Guards are inevitable. ”
"Wei Wei is inevitable", which means that Jiang Wei did not die well. The reason why there is no good death is that Jiang Wei stayed in Shuhan despite his mother and lost his filial piety.
Generally speaking, if you do not actively seek relatives from other countries (foreign parties), it will be difficult for foreign countries (foreign parties) to coerce their relatives. Liu Kun took the initiative to return Shile's mother, which did not play any role, which also shows this.
Although it is an active family search, if the person seeking relatives has an average political status and carries out redemption activities, as long as a certain amount of money is paid, the other party will also release the person.
However, if someone has an extraordinary status and actively seeks out relatives in a foreign country, then the foreign government will use his status to make a big fuss in order to obtain a lot of political or material benefits.
Yao Xing coerced Murong Chaomu and ordered him to send a thousand Wukou or Taile Zhuyi, and asked him to be a vassal domain. Murong Chao specially convened a meeting for this purpose to discuss with the minister.
Obviously, in this era, whoever has Taile in the Wei and Jin dynasties means that its status is higher and more legitimate than that of other countries, so some ministers were not willing to exchange Taile for their mothers at first, but wanted to exchange their mothers by going to war with the Song Dynasty and plundering the population.
Yao Xing's abacus was very fine, he asked for a thousand Wukou, for his country, in fact, it didn't play a big role, but wanted Nanyan to start a war with the Song Dynasty, so that he could sit and reap the benefits of the fisherman.
The case of using the search for relatives to make a big political fuss is none other than the operation of the Northern Qi government in the Northern Zhou Yuwen mother-seeking incident.
Yuwenhu's mother and imperial aunt were both detained by the Northern Qi in the early years, and although he sent people to the Northern Qi to visit secretly many times, he never received any news. Because the Northern Qi government did not disclose their detention of Yuwen Hu's mother, or did not announce it to the world as a secret matter.
However, with the weakening of the Northern Qi Dynasty and the change of the situation of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Qi had no choice but to resort to the means of returning Yuwen's mother to make peace.
Because Yuwen Hu was the de facto supreme ruler of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty regarded his mother Yan and Huanggu as odd goods so that they could be thrown at critical times.
Therefore, after Yuwen Hu got the letter from his mother written to him by the Northern Qi Dynasty, although he wrote several replies to the letter, the Northern Qi government never let his mother go, and only returned the imperial aunt first.
It was only after the Turks and the Northern Zhou united that they were afraid that the two countries would jointly attack the Northern Qi, so they negotiated with the Northern Zhou for two purposes: one was to break up the alliance between the Northern Zhou and the Turks, and the other was to reach an agreement with Yuwenhu in order to maintain a neutral position when the Turks sent troops to the Northern Qi.
At first, the Northern Qi government only released the imperial aunt, but did not release Yuwenhu's mother. Later, the Northern Qi felt that it was no longer of much value to keep Yuwen's mother, so the Northern Zhou Dynasty "transferred the book and did not send it to the mother".
The Northern Zhou Dynasty did three major things after Yuwen's mother arrived in Chang'an: First, "raise the dynasty to celebrate and amnesty the world". The second is that Yuwen Hu tried his best to be filial, and the third was that the emperor personally led the team to condole.
Yuwen protects the reunion of mother and son, regardless of whether he changes his political strategy, but for the time being, he must make a gesture of thanking the Qi government, otherwise, he will commit the taboo of revenge in public opinion.
"It's the year, and the Turks are coming to the time. Protecting the Qi clan at the beginning of the country, he did not want to discuss the matter immediately, and reconsidered the dishonesty of Fanyi, and the border troubles. As a last resort, he asked for an eastward crusade. However, this crusade "is not its original intention." Therefore, although the teacher has been out for a long time, he has nothing to gain and finally returned in vain.
The main reason for the failure is that Yuwen Hu wants to show his gesture of gratitude and gratitude. On the one hand, he could not openly tear up the alliance with the Turks, and on the other hand, he was unwilling to go to war with his mother soon after the Northern Qi Dynasty was returned, leaving the world with a handle for revenge.
Therefore, his best thing to do is to return the favor in vain, as a way to express his gratitude to Northern Qi. The political goal of the Northern Qi Dynasty was achieved.
In fact, during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were many cases of family separations in different countries.
Most families have no choice but to settle for what they have encountered, and no longer have hope for the reunion of their loved ones. The government, on the other hand, generally did not give any attention to ordinary people for the widespread phenomenon of relatives living in foreign countries in society, and in the political environment at that time, the population war between foreign countries was very fierce.
As a result, many of those whose relatives are separated from each other have no hope of reunion. However, some important political figures, after being captured by the enemy, sometimes the government of that country will take the initiative to redeem them with heavy money, or carry out personnel exchanges, or even just redeem their bones.
Most of the incidents occurred in the middle and late stages of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Releasing it is conducive to reuniting with his family. This part of the population is mainly the population plundered by the war, and if they are not released, most of them are working as slaves and maids, and their social status is low, and they cannot be reunited with their relatives at all.
The Government's return measures are aimed at politically demonstrating "generosity" and "favor" to the people of the enemy country, so that these people can widely publicize the "favor" of their country when they return home.
However, this policy of repatriation, after all, reduced the pain of relatives separated from foreign countries and increased the number of families reunited, indicating that the rulers at that time had begun to pay attention to the emotional needs of the people, and from a human point of view, it was a kind of progress.
However, the policy of restitution cannot be implemented as a consistent measure. Obviously, the population was one of the most important social resources of the time, and the victors had to use this part of the population as soldiers or slaves to meet their various needs.
As a result, restitution policies are only occasional. In general, during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the turmoil affected the entire society and family to varying degrees, and the separation of family members in foreign countries was a common phenomenon at that time.
Influenced by Confucianism, it was a common psychological requirement of the society at that time for both Han and Hu people to find their relatives, especially their parents, in a foreign country in order to reunite.
However, due to political, economic and other reasons, ordinary families simply have no conditions to find their relatives, and only a few people, in important positions, use the power of the state to find their relatives.
It is precisely because these people occupy important positions in the state that it is also possible to use their relatives as bargaining chips to carry out political transactions, thus making the family activity of simply pursuing family reunion a deep political imprint. The governments of the North and South Koreas had a policy of releasing and retaining prisoners, which was conducive to the reunion of relatives, but only occasionally.