Keep an eye on it, Iron Juice!
In 1917, it snowed heavily in Beijing. A man of short stature stepped out of the carriage with a steady movement. The school workers hurriedly bowed to him, but unexpectedly, he also took off his top hat and solemnly returned the salute. Everyone present was stunned: this is a "strange thing" that has never happened in Peking University.
This man is the new "cabinet minister" Cai Yuanpei. Prior to this, Peking University has changed 5 presidents, many of whom are brave and resourceful, but after all, they cannot change the corrupt atmosphere of Peking University.
The famous prostitute in the capital Sai Jinhua and the little phoenix have been listed in the Shanglin Immortal Pavilion
(1) A hundred years ago, Peking University was full of smoke and miasma, bureaucratic habits were very strong, students drank flower wine, and teachers visited brothels, where was the appearance of the highest university?
Please see the cloud in Xu Deheng's "Memories of Mr. Cai Yuanpei":
Mr. Cai came to Peking University in January 1917 to take up his post, before that, Peking University was a feudal ideology, bureaucratic habits are very strong, some rich students, with errands, mahjong, eat flowers and wine, famous corners, have no interest in reading, many of the teachers do not learn and do not know, eat and live, teaching is Chen Chen, perfunctory.
There is a similar account in Gu Jiegang's "Mr. Cai Yuanpei and the May Fourth Movement":
When I was admitted to the Preparatory Department of Peking University in 1913, the school was like a yamen, and there was not much academic atmosphere. Some teachers are unskilled and only want to be officials; some teachers themselves are bureaucrats of the Beiyang government, and their knowledge is not large, but their shelves are not small. At that time, there was a bad phenomenon in Peking University: some wealthy teachers and students took foreign cars to the "Bada Hutong" (prostitute concentration area) after dinner, so the brothel called "two courtyards and one hall" was the best customer ("two courtyards" refers to the two courtyards and the two courtyards, and "one hall" refers to Peking University, which was formerly known as Beijing Normal University Hall). At that time, there was still a bad trend among students, that is, "ten brothers". Ten like-minded students swore to each other as brothers, and after graduation, they all went to the camp to become officials, and whoever was the official was big, and the other nine people went to him to become section chiefs and secretaries, and to earn a half-official position, and to share the blessings; how could such a school produce talents? It could only train a group of corrupt officials and corrupt officials! Before Mr. Cai Yuanpei came to the school, Peking University was in a miasma, and where did it look like the highest university?
Peking University is also known as the "Tanyan Group" and "Gambling Cave".
The top girls of the "Eight Great Hutongs".
(2) Explore ways to save the country, teach and educate people, and inspire people's wisdom
In 1894, when Cai Yuanpei was 26 years old, the Sino-Japanese War broke out and the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed.
Cai Yuanpei wrote with tears that "those who can cry and weep for a long time", and worked hard to explore the way to save the country.
In 1898, the "Six Gentlemen of Wuxu" were killed, and the reform failed. Cai Yuanpei reflected on the reasons for the failure of Kang and Liang: "If you don't cultivate innovative talents first, you want to use a few people to seize power and reject the stubborn, and you can't help but see the situation." ”
As a cloth cloth, we will practice the ideal of teaching and educating people and inspiring people's wisdom.
In 1917, after five successive presidents of Peking University, Cai Yuanpei was invited by a friend to return to China. It is expected that Cai Yuanpei can "open up a trend, cause a major trend, affect the whole country, and reap the fruits for future generations".
This has the opening scene, Cai Yuanpei returned the gift to the school workers. Every day he passed by the school gate, he took off his hat and bowed, and returned the salute to the school police, and over time, his elegant and graceful image of treating people and things equally, became an indispensable scenery on the campus of Peking University.
Cai Yuanpei
(3) The first step is to "recruit talents" - Chen Duxiu, a breeze and heroes
"To succeed, you must first gather a group of like-minded people", which is much smarter than Kang and Liang Ke, who failed in the reform and reform. Only by cultivating innovative talents and strengthening one's own team can we have the strength to confront the old forces.
At that time, Chen Duxiu was editing the magazine "New Youth", advocating democracy, science, and freedom.
Cai Yuanpei wants to enlighten the people's wisdom and rectify the corrupt bureaucratic atmosphere of Peking University, isn't it just that he needs this kind of spirit!
So, Cai Yuanpei went to find Chen Duxiu many times, sometimes he went too early, so he sat at the door and waited for Chen Duxiu to wake up. At that time, Chen Duxiu's "New Youth" founded in Shanghai was booming, and he had no intention of going north, but he was finally persuaded by Cai Yuanpei to accept the employment as the dean of liberal arts at Peking University.
Cai Yuanpei in "The Age of Awakening".
Chen Duxiu of "New Youth" came to Peking University, like a magnet. Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, and Qian Xuantong were also attracted, bringing a fresh wind.
(4) Gentle and elegant in life, but not afraid of danger in the face of struggle.
The first step of "recruiting talents" was completed, and there was a group of like-minded new youths. But it is bound to meet with opposition from the old forces.
(1) At that time, the opposition Lin Shu proposed Hu Shi as "Qin II" in the novel "Demon Dream", called Chen Duxiu an "owl", and scolded Cai Yuanpei as a big turtle. On the same day, Cai Yuanpei issued a "Letter to the Gongyan Daily" with a reply to Lin Qinnanjun's letter, openly responding to Lin Shu's provocation and justifiably defending the new faculty members of Peking University.
(2) Cai Yuanpei enrolled 9 female college students, which was the first coeducational in a national university.
(3) The warlord Zhang Zuolin once said to the commander: "Cai Yuanpei is very fierce, and the male and female classmates are immoral, why don't you take him into custody?" and some warlords even threatened to "set up a cannon in Jingshan and face Peking University." Cai Yuanpei was also fearless and refuted it reasonably.
(4) On May 4, 1919, when the May Fourth Patriotic Movement broke out, the military and police were dispatched to arrest 32 students.
Kyoto University Hall
(5) In the second step of "system reform", only when there is good soil (system) can seeds (new forces) germinate.
(1) Establish a "Virtue Association" to standardize the moral character of students and teachers.
Formulate three levels of membership conditions based on the "three noes", that is, abstaining from gambling, prostitution, and contemporary.
Teachers, students, and staff are required to choose and commit to:
Class A members, no prostitution, no gambling, no concubines.
In addition to the first three precepts, members of the second precept of not being an official or a member of parliament are added.
For C members, in addition to the first five precepts, add the three precepts of not smoking, not drinking, and not eating meat.
"Eating flowers and wine, visiting kilns" is no more.
(2) Change the "academic year system" to the "subject selection system", which is today's credit system.
The so-called "school year" is to complete a certain amount of time.
Now teachers and students can't mess around, they don't have enough credits and can't graduate.
At the same time, it also gives students the right to choose freely.
(3) There are many other systems, which I will not describe here, including the "co-educational" mentioned above.
Cai Yuanpei summarized this school-running policy as a 16-character motto of "encompassing the canon, covering all families, freedom of thought, and inclusiveness". In his later years, Chen Duxiu said with emotion that Mr. Cai Xiaomin's "insightful view of accommodating dissidents and respecting academic freedom is rare among Orientals who are accustomed to autocracy and have different likes and dislikes."
Peking university
(6) It is precisely the drastic reform of "Mr. Cai" that has turned the decaying Beijing Normal University into the highest academic institution at the peak of today's studies.
On March 5, 1940, 72-year-old Cai Yuanpei died of illness in Hong Kong, without a house, an inch of land, and owed more than 1,000 yuan in medical expenses. Before his death, he repeatedly recited "science to save the country" and "aesthetic education to save the country", which was his lifelong pursuit and lifelong emotion.
Cai Yuanpei
Today we live a happy and beautiful life, while the masters are long gone.
Listen to the phoenix in the clouds and learn the master's style. Welcome to follow @七叶读书堂, let's taste life together.