I used to be very convinced that I was speaking standard Mandarin until I went to Shanghai to study five years ago, and as soon as I opened my mouth, I was exposed...... What went wrong?
So, what's the difference between Northeast dialect and Mandarin? (Take my native Northeast Mandarin Hafu film as an example)
01
Strange flat tongue
My linguistics enlightenment teacher once said in class that the Northeast dialect is obviously divided into flat tongues, but I don't know why, many Northeast people have a flat tongue.
At present, according to my observation, most of the younger generation of Northeast people are able to cope with the pronunciation of flat tongue freely, but the older generation has always had the problem of "flat tongue is not distinguished". (Like my dad)
Part of the performance is the pronunciation of the front apical sound (commonly known as: flat tongue sound) z, c, and s into the apical back sound (common name: warped tongue sound) zh, ch, sh.
As:
Some of the expressions are pronounced from the apical post-sounds zh, ch, and sh to the anterior apical of the tongue z, c, and s, such as: "吃 (chī) 肉 (ròu)" becomes "eat (cī) meat (yòu)" and "十 (shí) 四" becomes "十 (sí) 四......
02
Transformations of initials
The increase in initials
There are some zero-vowel initials that came to the Northeast and had initials, such as "hungry (è)" became "hungry (nè)", "安 (ān) row" became "安 (nān) row", "和蔼 (ǎi)" became "和蔼 (nǎi)......
Reduction of initials
And many words with "r" as the biological mother have become zero initials after coming to the Northeast. Like what:
In addition, there are also cases such as "人 (rén)" is said to be "silver (yín)", "soft (ruǎn) hu" becomes "far (yuǎn) hu", and "不思然 (rán)" becomes "不以以salt (yán)......
Some friends may be a little confused when they read this: Isn't y a consonant? Why is it still a zero initial? It's really not, y and w are not initials but soundproof letters.
Initials conversion
Of course, not all words with "r" as the initial will be turned into zero initials by the Northeasterners, and some use the conversion initial system. For example, "throw" is not pronounced "yēng" in Northeast dialect, but "lēng". I think it may be because the sound of "yēng" is more difficult to pronounce, which does not conform to the straightforward and trouble-loving character of Northeast people.
还有如“撞（zhuàng）”东北话读作“撞（chuàng）”、“摔（shuāi）”东北话读作“摔（zhuāi）”、“干（gàn）啥（shá）”东北话读作“干（gà）啥（há）”......
03
The hair is not round
For most people in the Northeast (including me before I studied linguistics), when pronouncing the vowel o, I can't round the lip shape and make a round and full o, but instead make a flatter e.
For example, in the new drama "The Legend of Magpie Knife Gate", Northeast actor Wen Song called the character played by Zhao Haiyan as "cauliflower woman (pé) po (pé)" instead of "cauliflower woman (pó) po (pó)".
There are also "neck (bó)子" is pronounced as "neck (bé)子" by Northeast people, "sit (zuò)下" becomes "sit (zuè)下", and "agricultural (nóng) village" becomes "agricultural (néng) village...... There are also many older speakers of the Northeast dialect (such as my grandmother) who pronounce 粽 (zòng) 子 as "粽 (zhèng) 子". (Good guys, one word has both flat tongue and o, e is not divided!)
04
Finals transformations
The increase in finals
The preference for e in Northeast dialect is not limited to the pronunciation of o to e, but also the pronunciation of some unit vowel i characters into compound vowel vowel ie . However, with the popularization of Mandarin, this phenomenon has become rare among young people in Northeast China.
For example, "起 (qǐ) to come" is read as "起 (qiě) to come", "屁 (pì) stock" is read as "fart (piè) stock", and "力 (lì) harm" is read as "力 (liè) harm".
In addition, the phenomenon of adding finals in Northeast dialect is such as "取 (qǔ) express" becomes "取 (qiǔ) express", "plastic (sù) material bag" becomes "plastic (suò) material bag", "plastic (shuò) material bag", ......
Reduction of finals
如"乱(luàn)套"变成"乱(làn)套"、"干(gàn)啥(shá)"变成"干(gà)啥(há)"......
Conversion of finals
For example, the character 割 (gē)" is pronounced as "割 (gā)", "割 (gá)", "割 (gǎ)" in Northeast dialect, and the tone changes depending on the region, so don't think that the whole Northeast is the same accent.
The reason for the difference in the pronunciation of the word "cut" in Northeast dialect and Mandarin is that the rhyme tail of the ancient Chinese phonetic character falls off, which is a normal phenomenon of phonetic change in speech flow.
Nowadays, many Northeast people are descendants of Shandong during the "Guandong" period, so the up main pheasant township cultural station believes that the pronunciation of the word "cut" is influenced by the Shandong dialect. For example, "to drink (hē) beer, to eat clam (gé) 蜊 (lí)" in Qingdao dialect is "to drink (hā) beer, eat clam (gǎ) 蜊 (la)"
In addition, the character "sai (sāi)" is pronounced as "sai (sēi)" in Northeast dialect, which is also related to the phonetic change of Chinese language flow.
05
Modulation
The transposition of ancient phonetic characters
Different from the four tonal categories of modern Chinese (Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng, and Desheng), the four tonal categories of ancient Chinese are basically divided into Pingsheng, Shangsheng, Desheng, and Insheng.
Some ancient intolling characters are pronounced as Shangsheng (third tone) in today's Northeast dialect, which is a tonal change that can be followed.
For example, "媳媳 (xí fù)" is called "daughter-in-law (xǐ fur)" by northeasterners, "鲫 (jì) 鱼" is pronounced as "鲫 (jǐ) fish", and "job (zhí) industry" becomes "job (zhǐ) industry......
Pitch change before de-sounding
In the Northeast dialect, some characters that were originally yinping (first tone) will become yangping (second tone) before removing the sound (fourth tone), just give a few examples:
(Left Mandarin, Right Northeast Dialect)
干(gān)净——干(gan)净
出 (chū)去——出 (chú) 去
知（zhī） 道——知（zhí） 道
三 (sān) – 三 (sán) 個
Irregular pitch shifts
For example:
Mandarin: Don't eat it, how can you still eat it here! Homework hasn't been finished yet, don't eat it, hurry up and collect it!
Northeast dialect: Don't eat, how can you still eat here! Homework hasn't been finished yet, don't eat it, hurry up and collect it!
06
The value of the adjustment is not high
Mr. Zhao Yuanren, a master of linguistics, invented the fifths notation method more than 100 years ago to record the tonality of language. The tonal values of the four tones of Mandarin are Yin Ping (55), Yang Ping (35), Shang Sheng (214) and Qu Sheng (51).
However, the Northeast dialect generally has the problem of low modulation, which is commonly said that "the high voice cannot go up, and the low voice cannot come down".
The tone value of Yinping (first tone) in Mandarin is 55, and in Northeast dialect, it is generally 33 or 44.
The tonality of Mandarin Yangping (second tone) is 35, and the tone of Northeast dialect is generally 24.
The tone of the upper (third tone) in Mandarin is 214, and in Northeast dialect it is 212 and 213.
The tone of the fourth tone in Mandarin is 51, and the tone in Northeast dialect is almost 42.
This is why many people think that girls in the Northeast have a thick voice, and they are ridiculed by netizens as "shut up the Jiangnan Water Town, open your mouth to the Northeast granary". I don't think it's all because of our thick voices, it's mostly because of the low pitch of our dialects.
I can correct the five points of "Northeast flavor" mentioned above, but I can't change the problem of adjusting the value, so the level of Mandarin stops at the second grade.
Write at the end
I went through a process of self-confidence to low self-esteem to self-confidence in my accent. At the beginning, he was confident because he had never left his hometown, similar to "the ignorant are fearless". Halfway through the inferiority complex is because of the prejudice of a few. Now my self-confidence is a kind of "love what" attitude, I accept that I can only speak Mandarin with a low tone, and I also accept that Mandarin stops at the level of the second grade, which is given to me by my ancestors who lived in that black land for generations, and it always tells me where my home is.
(Source: Billion Articles.) The copyright belongs to the original author, and it is infringed and deleted. ）