Originally known as Imamura Zengo, Fukuoka was born in 1914 in Hokkaido to a rural peasant family of five brothers and sisters. After graduating from Hokkaido high school, he entered Hokkaido University to study geology, and he first learned Chinese and liked Tang poetry. In 1937, when Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, his elder brother was conscripted into the army and came to China, and he also worked at the Changchun Geological Survey (Datong Academy of Sciences) in the puppet Manchukuo, and later joined the Japanese army to participate in the Japanese invasion of China.
On October 14, 1937, the Japanese army occupied Guisui (now Hohhot). In 1938, he was captured by the Eighth Route Army and joined the Japanese Anti-War League after education, and served as the Japanese translator of the Daqingshan Detachment of the Eighth Route Army and the adjutant of the Suiyuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China.
At the end of 1941, he died of illness.
The Suicha Border District Committee of the Communist Party of China (formerly the Suiyuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China) posthumously recognized him as a revolutionary martyr.
Inner Mongolia Hohhot City Tumote Zuoqi put Shi village behind the Qingshan Martyrs Cemetery and Inner Mongolia the first batch of Communists, the famous anti-Japanese war martyr Jia Ligen (Kang Fucheng) and other martyrs tomb together with a special martyr's tomb, the white tombstone engraved with "Martyr Fukuoka Liuzhi Tomb (Japanese)", this Japanese is a Chinese martyr, which has an unforgettable and touching story of the Daqingshan anti-Japanese base to resist the Japanese invaders......
......During the Anti-Japanese War, Yu Zhanbiao, the military minister of Suiyuan Province of the Communist Party of China and the commander of the Second Independent Branch of the 120th Division (Suicha) of the Eighth Route Army, educated and participated in the Japanese invasion of China, so that he could join the anti-Japanese team, release the captured Japanese army of China, and urge him to participate in the work of opposing the war.
Fukuoka Ru (formerly known as Imamura Zengo) - a native of Fukuoka, Japan, graduated from Hokkaido University in Japan with a major in geology and mining, and is proficient in Chinese.
In 1936, he was sent to work at the Changchun Geological Survey in northeastern China. In 1938, he was drafted with the Japanese army and came to Houhe Special City (now Hohhot City) as a Shaozuo. When he and another Japanese soldier were collecting ore specimens in the Hongshankou ditch in the northern suburbs of Hohshi, they were captured by the guerrillas of the Eighth Route Army and handed over to the Suiyuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the Daqingshan Detachment of the Eighth Route Army. In the anti-Japanese work, our party functionaries cited hard facts to let him see the profound disasters brought to the Chinese people by this war of aggression launched by fascist Japan, and the upright Imamura Zengo joined the anti-war alliance and changed his name to Fukuokaru, becoming the only Japanese anti-Japanese fighter in Daqingshan of the Eighth Route Army. He was mobilized to work in Yan'an, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, and he believed that he had a better understanding of the situation of the Japanese army in the Daqingshan area, and that he was more needed in the Daqingshan War of Resistance, so he insisted on working on the spot. Imamura served as a Japanese translator for the Daqingshan Detachment of the Eighth Route Army and an adjutant for logistics of the Suiyuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China.
He was frugal in distributing logistical items in Fukuoka; he collected clothes that could not be worn, pulled them into strips of cloth, kneaded them into cloth ropes, braided them into shoes, and distributed them to the soldiers, which were durable and comfortable; he collected herbs from the mountains and concocted them into medicines, and the soldiers had a headache and brain fever, so they drank them; he also collected camellia from the mountains, and after concocting them, they were made for the soldiers and the local people to drink, and were named "Fukuoka Tea" by the local soldiers and civilians. His only hobby outside of work is collecting ore specimens. He said: This will be a very useful ...... in the future.
Died at the end of 1941.
The Suicha Border District Committee of the Communist Party of China (formerly the Suiyuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China) and the Daqingshan Detachment of the Eighth Route Army were posthumously recognized as revolutionary martyrs.
Watanabe - A native of Nagasaki, Japan, he was born as a businessman. Another Japanese officer captured by the Eighth Route Army, who missed his relatives very much and asked for his release. Fukuoka Ru (now Murazen Township) reported the situation to the Suiyuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Daqingshan Detachment of the Eighth Route Army. Considering the purpose of educating and propagating against the war, he was returned with his weapon and released. Watanabe met the scouts of the Eighth Route Army in Salazi, and he covered the scouts to a secluded place, bowed deeply, and asked the scouts to greet the head of the Eighth Route Army and Fukuoka Ru (Imamura Zengo) on his behalf. ”......
Excerpt from: "Yu Zhanbiao's Historical Words"
Third from left: Commander Yu Zhanbiao and responsible comrades of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Party Committee and the Standing Committee of the People's Congress left a Japanese Fukuoka tomb in the 80s to mourn the Japanese comrade-in-arms Fukuoka, who jointly resisted Japanese militarism and aggression against other countries......
Yu Zhanbiao's book: "Fugang Remains a Martyr Forever" to commemorate.
Photo of my father's return to the anti-Japanese guerrilla base in Daqingshan, Suimeng......
On October 15, 1986, during the Anti-Japanese War, Bai Rubing, who served as the secretary of the Suiyuan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China and concurrently served as the political commissar of the Second Detachment of the Eighth Route Army, the former political commissar of the Jinan Military Region and the first secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, wrote a special inscription to commemorate Fukuoka:
"For the sake of Sino-Japanese friendship and opposition to the Japanese imperialist war of aggression against China, the martyr Fukuoka Liu, an international peace fighter and a member of the Japanese Anti-War League, fought side by side with us in the anti-Japanese guerrilla base area in Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia, fearless of hardship and death, and sacrificed his precious life for the anti-Japanese struggle. The revolutionary spirit of the Fukuoka martyrs is immortal. ”
▲ Tumut Left Banner Qingshan Martyrs Cemetery
The story of Fukuokaru:
1. Captured, converted, joined
In 1938, a Japanese puppet army broke into the Kuisugou in Daqingshan, northeast of Hohhot, and swept away, but it was empty. The enemy did not dare to stay too long in the mountains and immediately returned to the stronghold. However, two Japanese soldiers left the group, holding a small hammer in their hands, and knocked here and there among the rocks, as if they were looking for something, and their expressions were very attentive. The guerrillas of the Eighth Route Army discovered the situation, kept an eye on the two Japanese soldiers, and sent a few people to quietly detour past and arrest them.
Later, one of the Japanese soldiers stayed in the place due to serious illness on the way to the Eighth Route Army, and died soon after, and the other Japanese soldier was named Fukuoka Ru. This time in Quisugou, they were collecting rock specimens and looking for ore, but they were captured. When Fukuoka Ruu was escorted to Wanjiagou, he was very hostile to the Eighth Route Army, and he did not say anything when asked, and sometimes even used his fists against the guards. It turned out that he was trying to provoke the Eighth Route Army with this, hoping to put him to death. But he begged for a quick death, but the Eighth Route Army wanted to win him over, so no matter how he roared, the Eighth Route Army treated him kindly. In addition, he was also given preferential treatment and care in terms of life, and the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army could only eat millet, but gave him white noodles.
After a few days of this, he felt that the Eighth Route Army was not like the Japanese officers who told them about "devils" and "bandits of communist wives." Gradually, he had a rational understanding and consideration, and his attitude calmed down a bit, but his thinking had not yet turned a corner, and his attitude was still sometimes good and sometimes bad. One day, Yang Zhilin, commissioner of the Suixi Branch, talked to him and learned that he could understand some Chinese, so he told him word by word about the Eighth Route Army's policy of giving preferential treatment to prisoners, exposing the crimes of Japanese imperialism in invading China, and stating the suffering of the Chinese people. This conversation shook Fukuoka Ru's heart greatly, but he was still not convinced, saying, "You are bandits, working secretly!"
Seeing that Fukuokaru's thinking had changed further, the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Detachment of the Eighth Route Army arranged for the chief of the enemy's engineering section, who was responsible for political propaganda, rebellion, and intelligence collection and analysis against the enemy, to engage in a "pen battle" with him.
The chief of the enemy's engineering section wrote on the paper: "The Eighth Route Army is a hero, and the Japanese are a bear." We armed ourselves with captured Japanese weapons to eliminate the Japanese invaders. ”
The word "Japanese Kou" angered Fukuoka Liu, and he wrote two lines of poetry by Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty on paper: "But make the dragon city fly general, and do not teach Hu Ma to do Yin Mountain." He was borrowing the "Huma" in the Tang poem as a metaphor for the cavalry of the Eighth Route Army, because of his militaristic education, in his mind, the Eighth Route Army was a beard (bandit).
The chief of the enemy's engineering section wrote-for-tat: "Longcheng will fly all over China, how can it be allowed to go to Yin Mountain." Fukuoka looked at it without saying a word, threw his hands back, lay on the kang, and turned his head to ignore the enemy's engineering chief.
The head of the enemy's engineering section wrote on the paper again: "Mr. Fukuoka Ru, I won't joke with you, don't underestimate the Chinese anymore! You have to be a civilized person!" Fukuoka Ru read the note and sat up, still not speaking or writing.
"Do you have to sacrifice for the Japanese warlords and conglomerates?" The chief of the enemy's engineering section wrote him another note.
"I'm loyal to Japan, but I hate warlord consortia the most!" Fukuoka left on the note and approved two sentences.
"You are a person of knowledge, why did you come to China to serve the aggressor. Now that you have been captured, if you die on the battlefield, it is not worth dying in a foreign country!"
After this pen war, Fukuokaru's attitude has changed a lot compared to before. Later, he began to read the Japanese pamphlets compiled and printed by the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Detachment for his "Anti-War League of Japanese in China" (commonly referred to as the "Anti-War League"), and gradually began to talk with the commanders and fighters of the anti-Japanese detachment.
After that, Fukuoka began to read documents such as the discipline regulations of the Eighth Route Army and "On Protracted War". Under the patient education of the officers and men of the Eighth Route Army, he gradually accepted the revolutionary truth, freed himself from the shackles of militarism, and began to realize that it was wrong for Japan to launch a war of aggression against China. He learned Chinese from the officers and soldiers of the Eighth Route and made rapid progress.
After studying, getting along with the officers and soldiers of the Eighth Route and carefully observing, Fukuoka Ru saw that this unit was vigorous and not afraid of hardship, and finally won the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan. One day, he came to the head of the enemy's engineering section and asked him to be called a "comrade", not to give him preferential treatment, to eat the same as everyone else, and to live and live together. He said excitedly: "You are all kind people, I feel uneasy to give me good food, and I want to do things for you!"
After studying, the headquarters of the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Detachment decided to recruit him to join the Eighth Route Army and serve as an adjutant logistical officer of the leading organ of the base area, responsible for the storage and supply of materials and acting as a translator.
2. Work, illness and death
After Fukuoka stayed and participated in the work of the Eighth Route Army, he regarded every work in the Daqingshan base area as his own career, and completed it with dedication and meticulousness.
He received and distributed supplies in strict accordance with the rules. For example, according to the regulations, he always gave three dollars of lamp oil per lamp per night, and he always gave it in numbers, including chiefs and soldiers. He knew that there was a great shortage of materials in the base areas, so he paid attention to economy everywhere, and candles and soap had to be cut into three parts before they were distributed, and he warned his comrades to "don't waste it."
According to Hao Xiushan, who served as the head of the eighth district of Guiwu County, in July and August 1939, the Suixi Working Committee held a cadre training class in Wanjiagou (Dagou), and because there were many people in the study class and few houses, the organization arranged for him and Fukuoka to stay on the same kang for more than 20 days, and the two got along very well without talking. Fukuoka also taught Hao Xiushan to learn Japanese and sang Japanese songs composed by the Anti-War League.
Hao Xiushan recalled: He saw that Fukuoka Ru personally weighed millet, oil, and salt for the cooking class every day, and distributed no more or less according to the number of people, and if there were more people, he had to report to him; the distribution of materials was carried out according to the system, and candles were distributed every night, "one for the big chief, half for the second chief (for the rest of the cadres), and one-third for the small ones (for ordinary soldiers) in each room." Hao Xiushan wanted to read the book, and repeatedly asked for half a more, but Fukuoka just didn't give it. Hao Xiushan said, "You are very responsible, but you are too mechanical." Fukuoka said: "You don't understand, the Anti-Japanese War is long, and you have to save everything." I can't do it if I don't follow the method I set. ”
Once, Hao Xiushan asked him: "You are Japanese, do you really fight with us against Japan?"
He said unhappily: "You don't trust me, but your commander trusts me!" I love my motherland, but I oppose Japan sending troops to invade other countries, and this is also the will of the Japanese people. He also took out a newspaper and pointed to it and said, "We Japanese have an anti-war alliance, and I have become a member of it." ”
Hao Xiushan said happily: "Then we are real friends!"
In the autumn of 1940, during a counter-"sweep", the enemy was already approaching and the agency was quickly transferred, but he ignored the danger and insisted on holding the supplies properly, and then pursued the team. He said: "Life is small, anti-Japanese materials cannot be lost!"
Li Huaien, an old farmer in Wanjiagou, Tuzuoqi, once said in his memories: "Fukuoka can be serious about staying in business, I was 17 years old that year, and I could only carry seventy or eighty pounds of firewood for the Eighth Route Army every day, and every time he wanted to overload, I wanted him to remember a little more, and he said: '80 pounds is 80 pounds'." We also wrestle together and have a good relationship. ”
In a difficult environment, Fukuoka is also trying to overcome difficulties. There was a shortage of military shoes at that time. The old man Li Zhangcai of Wanjiagou recalled: "He pulled his torn clothes into strips of cloth, kneaded them into ropes, and then braided them into cloth shoes like straw shoes, and climbed the mountain very hard. People also wore cloth sandals in his way. Everyone said that wearing the shoes of Adjutant Fu was better than "Lao Sanshun".
He also collected herbs to treat the cold and flu of his comrades, and the effect was very good. He saw that the staff often stayed up late, so he picked a kind of mountain grass tea and gave it to everyone to refresh. This kind of tea has a unique taste, and the military and civilians affectionately call it "Fugang Tea".
Fukuoka worked as hard as he could, and he also thought about the future of the Chinese people. He studied geology, collected ore specimens whenever he had time, and often said to his comrades: "Daqingshan gold sand, coal, mica, there are great treasures." Developed after victory, the value is great!"
At the end of 1941, many comrades in the base area contracted typhoid fever, and Fukuoka Ru unfortunately contracted the disease. In the case of lack of medical treatment at that time, although the organization made every effort to rescue him, but in the end, due to ineffective treatment, one day in the winter of 1941, Fukuoka died of illness in the Wanjiagou health team.
In order to make it easier to find him in the future, the comrades and ordinary people in the base area buried him next to a big tree in front of a hillside with tears in their eyes.
When the news of Fukuoka's death reached Yan'an, Mr. Mori Ken, the speaker of the Anti-War League, announced at a rally that Fukuoka, a member of the Anti-War League, had died in the Suiyuan anti-Japanese base area!
3. Life experience and future affairs
During the few years that Fukuoka stayed in the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Base Area to participate in the work, he left an unforgettable and beautiful impression in the minds of the cadres, fighters, and ordinary people in the base area with his conscientious and responsible work spirit and optimistic and kind character, and people have always missed him.
The details of the Fukuoka martyrs in Japan have not been very clear. Before his death, he briefly talked about his family background with Hao Xiushan and other comrades, saying that he studied geological exploration, had parents at home, was never married, and was conscripted into the army from university. He also said that his hometown is the northernmost place in Japan, which has a similar climate to Daqingshan, and is called Hokkaido.
In 1984, Mr. Fumihiro, director of the Inner Mongolia Museum, who had studied in Japan in his early years, asked his Japanese friend, Professor Kazuyoshi Otsuka, director of the National Museum of Ethnology of Japan, to help investigate the circumstances surrounding Fukuoka's stay in Japan. Professor Kazuyoshi Otsuka provided Mr. Fumihiro's experience of staying in China and related information about Fukuoka was published in more than 20 local Japanese newspapers, such as Hokkaido Shimbun and Kobe Shimbun, through the Kyodo News Agency.
After the news was published, many Japanese people provided clues one after another, and after comparison, one of them was highly similar to Fukuoka Ru, and Professor Otsuka Kazuyoshi managed to get a photo of the person suspected of Fukuoka Ru, and sent it to Mr. Fumihiro, asking "people who have lived and fought side by side with Fukuoka Ru in China to identify." ”
After receiving the letter and the photo, Mr. Wen Hao printed several copies of the photo and sent it to Bai Rubing, Yang Zhilin, Li Weizhong, Hao Xiushan, and other comrades of the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area, who had worked and fought with Fukuoka Liu. They all said that the photo resembled Fukuoka Ru, and wrote an article affectionately to commemorate the Fukuoka Ru martyrs. The old man who lived with Fukuoka Ryu in Wanjiagou, the anti-Japanese base of Daqingshan, said in unison that it was Fukuoka Ryu when he saw the photo.
▲ Yang Zhilin, secretary of the Suixi Prefectural Party Committee, replied to Wen Hao during the Anti-Japanese War:
“......
In the summer of 1939, the Suiyuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Suixi Prefectural Committee were both in Wanjiagou, and only the Suixi Commissioner's Office was openly used to the outside world. Fukuoka stayed in the agency as an adjutant, and once the enemy swept Fukuoka and lost contact, and found the agency again. Loyally wished for the victory of the anti-Japanese resistance, but unfortunately died of typhoid fever, and it was a pity that the end was .......
杨植霖
According to information provided by Professor Kazuyoshi Otsuka, Fukuoka Ruhara's name is Imamura Zengo, and he was born in 1914 in Hokkaido to a rural peasant family of five brothers and sisters. After graduating from high school, he entered Hokkaido University to study geology, and he first learned Chinese and liked Tang poetry. In 1937, when Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, his elder brother was conscripted into the army and came to China, and he also worked at the Changchun Geological Survey (Datong Academy of Sciences) in the puppet Manchukuo, and soon enlisted in the army and came to Hohhot in Inner Mongolia.
Li Zhangcai and Li Enhuai, two elderly people from Tuzuoqi, also recalled that when Fukuoka stayed behind to buy their firewood and grass, he signed "Jin" on the receipt, and when he took the receipt with the signature "Jin", he could go to the logistics office to receive payment. On the other hand, this confirms that Fukuoka is the good village of Imamura.
After the liberation, the party and the government reburied the remains of the Fukuoka martyrs in the Tumut Martyrs Cemetery, which is now the Tuzuoqi Daqingshan Martyrs Cemetery. Wen Aicai, Li Zhangcai, and Li Enhuai also donated the relics of the Fukuoka martyrs they had treasured for more than 40 years, including military lunch boxes, geological hammers, herb specimens for tea and medicine, and ores, to the museum through Mr. Wen Hao, and these precious cultural relics are now collected in the National Museum.
Written by Kamiyama Kusahara
Resources:
"Northern News", anonymous article "Fukuoka Ru: The Japanese Eighth Route Army Martyr Who Abandoned the Darkness and Turned to the Light".
Archives and Society, No. 4, 2009, Gao Peixuan, "Japan's Eight Roads" Fukuoka Liu.
1997, Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, "Tumut Zhi" (I). Yang Zhilin and Hao Xiushan's reminiscences.
Annotation:
On November 7, 1939, Kazuo Sugimoto (Mitsuhiro Maeda, Japanese) initiated the establishment of the North China Japanese Soldiers' Awakening Alliance in Matian Town, Liao County (now Zuoquan County), Shanxi Province. After the evolution and growth of the North China Japanese Soldiers' Awakening Alliance, the Japanese Anti-War League in China, and the Japanese People's Liberation League, by August 1945, the anti-war organizations had developed and established two local councils, four regional councils, and 20 branches, with more than 1,000 members.
Through the political propaganda offensive against the Japanese army, the main forms were shouting in front of the battle, distributing leaflets, posting and writing slogans, and sending condolence letters and bags, which played a special role in disintegrating the enemy army and weakening its will to fight.
From the establishment of the anti-war organization in July 1939 to the end of the Anti-Japanese War in August 1945, some members of the Japanese Anti-War League in China sacrificed their lives for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people.
After the victory of the Anti-War War, the Japanese Anti-War League gradually dissolved itself.