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No.2 What kind of prenatal check-ups should be done?
The first prenatal check-up: documentation and a full set of examinations
Time: About 12 weeks of menopause.
Note: This prenatal examination requires a number of laboratory tests and examinations. Reminder: On an empty stomach, it's best to carry sugar (bars, chocolates, etc.) with you, as well as a glass of water.
Substance:
1. Listen to the fetal heartbeat: After 11 weeks of menstruation, the doctor can hear the sound of the fetal heartbeat through the instrument. It sounds a lot like a fast-running train
2. Laboratory examination: the examination includes blood and urine routine, blood type, biochemistry (including fasting blood glucose and liver and kidney function), hepatitis B five items, hepatitis C, syphilis, AIDS antibody three items, coagulation function, rubella, thyroid function, leucorrhea routine, etc. At least five or six tubes of blood should be drawn, each tube is 10~15ml.
3. Make an appointment for B-ultrasound: This is the first B-ultrasound during pregnancy. Generally speaking, B ultrasound measurement of fetal NT thickness at 11~14 weeks can preliminarily judge the development level of the fetal nervous system. So even if some hospitals have a lot of people, it doesn't matter if you make an appointment for a later examination, as long as it's within this time frame.
4. Cervical screening: focus on checking whether there are polyps and other growths or visible cervical lesions. If a pregnant woman has not been tested for TCT and HPV within a year, both items should be checked.
5. Fill in the prenatal examination form: including height, pre-pregnancy weight, past medical history, menstruation, marital and childbearing history and other general information. It is important to fill in the information carefully and truthfully, if there is any concealment, it may interfere with the doctor's judgment of the overall situation of the pregnant woman, resulting in deviations in clinical decision-making.
Second prenatal visit: Down screening
Time: About 16 weeks of menopause.
Note: It has been 4 weeks since the first prenatal checkup, and you need to bring the results of the first test to the hospital for the second checkup. Of course, if you find any abnormalities in your body before then, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Reminder: This prenatal check-up requires fasting.
Substance:
1. Analyze the results of the previous prenatal checkup.
2. Listen to the fetal heartbeat: the normal fetal heart rate is 110~160 beats/min.
3. Measurement of uterine height and abdominal circumference: Since the second prenatal examination, each measurement value will be recorded in the fetal growth curve table of the prenatal examination table, which can preliminarily judge whether the fetal size is consistent with the development standard of gestational age.
4. Measure blood pressure and weight: It can help doctors detect gestational hypertension and other diseases as soon as possible, and guide pregnant women to manage their weight. When it comes to weight management, don't worry, I'll explain it later.
5. Re-examination of blood and urine routine: blood and urine routine need to be rechecked once a month during pregnancy, so that the general condition of the expectant mother's body can be understood and abnormalities such as pregnancy combined with anemia and pregnancy combined with hypertension can be detected as soon as possible.
6. Down Screening (referred to as "Down Screening"): This is the top priority of the second prenatal checkup. The probability of fetal trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and open spina bifida was calculated and analyzed through fasting blood testing. If the results are abnormal, you need to go to the hospital again to communicate with the doctor and consider doing a non-invasive DNA or amniocentesis test.
The third prenatal examination: ultrasound of deformity
Time: About 20 weeks of menopause.
Note: You do not need to be fasting for this prenatal check-up, but you do need to hold urine. Holding urine is a matter of skill, usually half an hour to an hour before the examination, and it is not possible to hold urine early or late.
Reminder: There is a chance that it will not be successful, so don't be discouraged.
Substance:
1. The routine inspection is basically the same as the second one, the old five.
2. Large deformity B ultrasound: This examination is generally carried out in the 18th ~ 24th week of menopause. For this test, almost every pregnant woman will be both expectant and worried. The ultrasound doctor will look at the pregnant woman's belly for a long time (15~20 minutes) to observe whether there are abnormalities in the fetus's face, limbs and various organs.
In general, the following types of deformities can be detected by ultrasound:
1. Nervous system malformations: anencephaly, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, spina bifida and meningocele, etc.;
2. Malformations of the digestive system: umbilical gutcele, visceral outturn, intestinal atresia and megacolon, etc.;
3. Urinary system malformations: hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney, megabladder, urethral obstruction, etc.;
4. Other deformities: short limb deformity, conjoined deformity, some congenital heart disease, etc.
In any of the above cases, it is necessary to consult a doctor from the relevant department. At this time, many people will realize the true meaning of "pregnancy is like a breakthrough", some people have put down their hanging hearts through this examination, and some people have hung their hearts after seeing the results.
Fourth prenatal check-up: glucose tolerance test
Time: About 24 weeks of menopause.
If you have a prenatal test number, you may wish to go to the hospital on an empty stomach, and you can do a test of drinking sugar water on the same day; if the prenatal test number is behind, it is recommended to go to the hospital after breakfast, and then on an empty stomach the next day to do a test of drinking sugar water, otherwise there will be a risk of hypoglycemia if you are fasting for too long.
Reminder: It's a good idea to bring a graduated drinking glass. In addition, if you check your urine routine after drinking sugar water, you may have high urine sugar, which is normal, so don't worry.
Contents: 1. Old pentathlon.
2. Drink sugar water (OGTT test, abbreviation: sugar screening, glucose tolerance, etc.): This is the key to this prenatal examination. Drinking sugar water sounds simple, but there are a few tricks you need to do it smoothly:
In the first three days of the examination, you should eat normally, neither dieting nor overeating (especially not eating too many staple foods and fruits, etc.) to ensure the authenticity of the data. It is not recommended to eat after 10 p.m. the night before the test. On the morning of the examination, blood was drawn to test fasting blood glucose, and then 75g of glucose powder prescribed by the doctor was dissolved in 300ml of water and drunk within 5 minutes. The timer starts when you drink the first sip of sugar water, and goes to the blood drawing room to measure your blood sugar in the first hour and the second hour. Be careful not to consume any additional sugar between these two hours, and try to be quiet and avoid walking.
Fifth prenatal check-up: pelvic measurement
Time: About 28 weeks of menopause.
Note: You don't need to be fasting, you can do it in the morning or afternoon.
Contents: 1. Old pentathlon.
2. Pelvic measurement: It is generally tested at 28~30 weeks after menopause, mainly to evaluate whether the pelvic condition of pregnant women is suitable for vaginal delivery. Note that it is only then that the doctor can make a preliminary judgment about whether the delivery can be done spontaneously. But this is only a preliminary judgment, not a final decision, don't be discouraged and disappointed because the doctor said that it is not good to have a smooth delivery, there may be a lot of room for efforts in the future.
3. Recheck vaginal discharge: see if there is a fungal or bacterial infection, and if necessary, take medication.
The 6th ~ 9th prenatal examination: B ultrasound and fetal heart rate monitoring
Time: 30~36 weeks of menopause, a total of 4 times. Notice: From this prenatal check-up, it will be done every 2 weeks. There is no need to fasting for prenatal checkups.
Contents: 1. Old pentathlon.
2. B-ultrasound of small deformity: generally performed around 30 weeks of menopause, and B-ultrasound of 37 weeks of menopause is scheduled at the same time. The purpose of ultrasound is to assess fetal development and fetal size, because fetal size is an important factor in determining whether a pregnant woman can have a normal delivery.
3. Starting from 36 weeks of menopause, fetal heart rate monitoring (NST examination) should be done for every prenatal examination thereafter.
10th prenatal check-up: prenatal assessment
Time: About 37 weeks of menopause.
Notice: At this time, the fetus is full-term, and you can wait for the contractions to start naturally. This prenatal examination generally requires an expert number, mainly for experts to assess the size of the fetus and the condition of the pregnant woman's pelvis, and determine whether vaginal delivery can be carried out according to various conditions. This prenatal check-up requires an empty stomach.
Contents: 1. Old pentathlon.
2. Blood was drawn again to test all biochemical items and coagulation function.
3. Four-step palpation, this operation is used by doctors to judge the approximate position of the fetus (head position, hip circumference, transverse position, oblique position, etc.), and can also judge the fetus's pelvic situation.
The 11th prenatal check-up and thereafter
Time: 38~40 weeks of menopause.
What to know: Check once a week and do not need to be fasting. The main "job" of a pregnant woman during this time is to count the number of fetal movements at home and keep a close eye on the changes in her body. If you have abnormal fetal movements, frequent contractions, vaginal bleeding greater than menstrual flow, or vaginal discharge, you need to go to the emergency department in time.
Contents: 1. Old pentathlon.
2. Others: When the menstrual period is stopped for 40 weeks, B ultrasound is required to re-examine, mainly to see whether the amniotic fluid is low. If you have not been in labor after 40 weeks of menopause, you need to go to the hospital every 2~3 days for prenatal checkup, fetal heart rate monitoring, and evaluation of the fetal condition. If you have not gone into labor 5~6 days after the due date, do not worry, the hospital will call the expectant mother to be admitted to the hospital, conduct cervical assessment, and then choose the appropriate method to induce labor.