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Text: Peng Yibin
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introduction
Building homes in space and pontoon bridges on the sea are considered to be the craziest projects of mankind. But in retrospect, most of these plans were "fake and empty." "In China, there is a super project that has been under construction for 73 years, and its area covers 4.356 million square kilometers, accounting for 45% of the mainland's land area.
There is no second project of this magnitude in the world. He is called crazy because China wants to carry out this plan thoroughly, what is this?
(Afforestation)
1. "Three Norths" shelterbelt project
The "Three Norths" shelterbelt project is an artificial forestry ecological project built in the northwest, north and northeast regions of the mainland. The project, which began in 1978 with formal permission from the central government, will last for 73 years and will not be completed until 2050.
It is hard for us to imagine what kind of determination our predecessors held at that time to stretch the front line of artificial forestry ecological construction, in order to save the desertification of the mainland and to restore the forestry economy in the Three North region again. From Bin County in Heilongjiang to the Uzbeli Pass in Xinjiang, the border and the Yongding River region are straddled from north to south, and most of the provinces on the mainland are in it.
(Scope of the "Three Norths" Shelterbelt Project)
Since the beginning of the last century on the mainland, a serious 10,000-mile wind and sand line has been formed in the Sanbei region, and in such a situation, sandstorms are frequent, which has caused various disasters and weather. Since the sixties of the 20th century, in just 20 years, 6.69 million hectares of land on the mainland have been desertified, and more than 13 million hectares of farmland have been damaged.
The precipitation in the three northern regions of the mainland is also obviously insufficient, and the soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is extremely serious, resulting in the siltation of the Yellow River. It can be said that if the problem of desertification is not solved, and if the wind and sand belt are not solved, how should the people in the Three North regions survive and how should they develop their own economy, and the provinces in the Yellow River basin will face a more severe test.
(Increasing desertification)
2. How to carry out the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project?
At that time, China was one of the most affected countries in the world by desertification, and we had to intervene at the macro level. Therefore, the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project is imminent, and the project is divided into eight phases, with a time span of 73 years from 1978 to 2025.
On the basis of protecting the original vegetation, through various methods such as artificial afforestation, aircraft sowing, and mountain closure and sand sealing, a plug south of the Yangtze River will be built on this land that has been desertified. The windbreak and sand fixation forest belt, the soil and water conservation forest belt, and the shelter forest of farmland and pasture allow the forest to be integrated from a small point to a large area to form a real protection system.
("Three Norths" Shelterbelt Project)
In the second phase of the construction project, more and more people are devoting themselves to the construction. In the construction of the project, the idea of building an ecological and economic shelterbelt is also proposed, so that the shelterbelt can not only play a protective role, but also develop the local economy through the change of the local economic model, and strengthen the ecological construction, so that the people can get rid of poverty and become rich.
From a commercial and industrial point of view, it can contribute to the development of the local area. Since 1996, the third phase of the project has been strengthened, and this investment has been strengthened, starting from the field in the three northern regions, first solving the most serious areas of desertification, such as northern Hebei, Huangtu Plateau, eastern Inner Mongolia and other places, paying attention to a priority.
(Gansu Zhangye Promotion Project)
In areas with slightly better conditions, select a number of key construction fence systems. In 2012, the State Council once again emphasized the importance of the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project, which should regard desertification prevention and control and soil and water conservation as fundamental tasks. It has once again promoted the development of the comprehensive "Three Norths" shelterbelt project, which is not only to develop ecology, but also to live a prosperous life.
Now the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project has entered the sixth phase of construction, and in 2022, the project will start the construction of 20 scientific greening pilot counties, which will continue until 2025. In October 2023, the "Jizi Bay" of the Yellow River completed the storm, and in Horqin and other places, a war of annihilation was carried out.
(Chifeng governance progress)
From the Hexi Corridor to the Taklamakan Desert area, it has also been built one after another. In December last year, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration announced that in the 2023 "Three Norths" shelterbelt project, we have completed afforestation of more than 6 million mu. This data is inspiring, and it also allows the world to see China's willpower again.
Compared to those magnificent projects, perhaps the reforestation project seems so simple. But to put it mildly, except that China is willing to spend a lot of time and money to complete this thing consistently.
Is there any other country in the world that can really accomplish such a big project? China has never done it for the sake of sensationalism, but for the sake of the people and the country.
(People)
Nowadays, the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project is still developing and constructing, and the support of the state is a major driving force. In fact, the local ordinary people who are willing to devote themselves to the project are also the objects of our admiration. When the project was just started in the last century, some areas were covered with yellow sand, and Beimiaozi Village in Liaoning Province received a notice of relocation at that time.
No one wants to leave their hometown where they have lived for generations, and most of the residents of the village still choose to leave, after all, they have all seen the power of yellow sand. But there are also 12 families in the village who did not choose to leave, and these residents later participated in the afforestation spontaneously, and the villagers said, "I don't want to take care of this place, so I should take care of it myself." ”
(Ordinary people who devote themselves to governance)
Enthusiasm for their hometown and land is the reason why the villagers stay, and this is also the reason why China has launched the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project.
3. Why control desertification?
As the mainland vigorously embarks on the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project, some people have to ask: What will be the consequences if the land becomes desertified? Why do we want to control the desert at all costs?
(Enlargement of windbreak and sand fixation area)
Desertification on the mainland has always been very serious, with an area of 2.622 million square kilometers on the mainland, more than 400 million people on the mainland affected by desertification, and the economy has suffered a serious decline. Dust storms occur in the north of the continent all year round, and they are even stronger each time. In 1993, sandstorms occurred in Xinjiang and Gansu, resulting in 116 deaths, tens of thousands of livestock losses, and economic losses of more than 500 million yuan.
The strong sandstorm in 1998 not only affected the northwest region, but even the dust went south to form a floating dust weather, and the rain directly turned into mud, and Ningxia was even more exaggerated, and the sky directly fell with sand, causing people to have difficulty breathing. Every year, the mainland loses 120 billion yuan of economy due to desertification.
(Sandstorm)
In such a situation, how can desertification not be controlled?
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the mainland has been in the stage of exploration for desertification control, and after the establishment of the "Three Norths" shelterbelt project, the work of desertification prevention and control has been rapidly launched. After 2000, desertification on the continent has improved markedly, and the country has once again made great efforts.
After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's desertification prevention and control work has once again entered a new stage, and these are the results of round-the-clock efforts. The "plugging in Jiangnan" in our mouth may really become a reality in the near future.
("Three Norths" Shelterbelt)
Resources
Three-North Shelterbelt Master Plan.Three-North Shelterbelt System Construction Network Home Page [Citation Date:2018-06-17]
Zhang Zhishan, Chinese Academy of Sciences: How can China's experience in desertification prevention and control be shared with the world?[OL].
辽宁工人报刊社. “绿巨人”逆沙飞扬. [OL].