Authors: Shi Yi, Henan Provincial Transportation Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Henan Transportation Strategic Development Research Institute, Henan Hub Economy and Industrial Development Research Center
Editor: Shi Yi|Proofreading: Bian Qihang|Review: Long Zhigang
introduction
In December 2023, the first China International Supply Chain Promotion Expo was successfully held in Beijing, sending a strong message to maintain the resilience and stability of the global industrial and supply chains, build a "stable anchor" of the industrial and supply chains, and promote the development of the world economy. As a new and popular economic form, from the perspective of digital economy, this paper proposes to improve the resilience of industrial and supply chains by accelerating the construction of digital infrastructure, improving the mechanism of digital information sharing and flow, improving the cultivation of digital talents, and promoting the "chain length system" in advantageous industrial chains.
1. The specific content of the digital economy and the domestic development trend
The digital economy is defined as the sum of all economic activities of a series of production, circulation and consumption carried out with digital knowledge and information as the key factors of production, and the specific content is the "four frameworks", the two most important parts are digital industrialization and industrial digitization. Digital industrialization mainly includes four core industries of the digital economy, including digital product manufacturing, service industry, digital technology application industry and factor-driven industry, and is also an economic activity that completely depends on digital technology and factors. Industrial digitalization is mainly to integrate the digital economy and the real economy to improve the production capacity and efficiency of traditional industries. In short, digital industrialization is the foundation of the development of the digital economy, and industrial digitalization reflects the penetration and integration of digital technology and various industries.
In recent years, the mainland has intensively introduced digital economy policies, and has basically formed a policy system that combines perfect top-level design and local promotion measures, and the development results have gradually become prominent. In 2022, the scale of the digital economy will reach 50.2 trillion yuan for the first time, a nominal increase of 10.3% year-on-year, and the proportion of the digital economy in GDP will reach 41.5%, which is equivalent to the proportion of the secondary industry in the national economy. In 2022, the scale of digital industrialization will reach 9.2 trillion yuan, and the scale of industrial digitalization will reach 41 trillion yuan, accounting for 18.3% and 81.7% of the digital economy respectively.
2. The specific content of the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain and the current development dilemma
"Resilience" refers to the ability of a system or individual to recover after a shock, and in recent years it has been increasingly used in the field of industrial economics. Industrial chain resilience refers to how to avoid the loss of the industrial chain in the face of external shocks supported by modern technology, or how to achieve rapid self-recovery through self-generation capacity after the occurrence of shocks, and supply chain resilience refers to whether it can still maintain continuous supply and recover in a short period of time when it is hit by shocks or partial failures.
With the gradual tightening of various global resource factors, the pressure on domestic economic growth has increased, and the stable development of industrial and supply chains is facing a series of challenges. First, the key links are poor, the United Nations formulated 41 industrial categories, 191 medium categories and 525 sub-categories in the mainland all have a layout, but the mainland industrial chain and supply chain are mostly concentrated in low value-added industries, key core technologies need to be broken through, high-quality, high-complexity, high value-added products supply capacity is insufficient, high-tech intermediate investment relies heavily on imports is the short board of the mainland's industrial chain and supply chain, lack of uniqueness, The key technologies and products that are difficult to replace have led to the lack of the mainland's ability to play in the competition between major powers, and are also the main breakpoints and weak links in the transformation of the industrial and supply chains to the domestic layout. The supply chain, which is highly dependent on imports, is prone to "broken chains", which affects the smooth circulation of the domestic industrial chain and the smooth operation of the domestic industry. In recent years, the mainland's R&D investment has been growing, promoting the continuous improvement of the mainland's industrial innovation capability and technical level, and the technological level of emerging industries such as digital industry and new energy vehicles has entered the world's leading ranks, and its position in the global value chain is rising. In the state of imitation, there is a lack of leading technology and industrial direction in the formation and development of high-tech and emerging industrial chains. Third, the industrial rootedness needs to be strengthened urgently, driven by various factors, the mainland industry has a tendency to concentrate on key areas and professional parks, a number of industries are highly concentrated, the industrial chain is relatively complete and has international influence, international competitiveness of the industrial cluster is forming, but the mainland industrial chain is not strong, between the east and the central and western regions, between the south and the north, between the central city and other regions in infrastructure, factor supply, industrial base, There is a large gap in technical capabilities, and the economically underdeveloped areas are at the middle and low end of the domestic value chain, and the local industrial chain is short and the industrial supporting facilities are imperfect, which makes it difficult to form an effective division of labor and cooperation with the middle and high-end links of the eastern industrial chain, which increases the difficulty of improving the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain.
3. The focus of improving the resilience of industrial and supply chains from the perspective of digital economy
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "focus on improving total factor productivity, focusing on improving the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains", and the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Digital Economy" also clearly pointed out that digital technology should be fully applied to industrial development. This paper argues that the key to improving the resilience of industrial and supply chains from the perspective of digital economy lies in the following points.
(1) Accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure and build a solid foundation for the development of digital technology and industrial and supply chains. With the further development of the scientific and technological revolution, it is necessary to fully deploy digital infrastructure to improve the resilience of the mainland's industrial and supply chains, and give full play to the advantages of factor agglomeration and data application under the premise of rational distribution of land and energy elements, so as to realize the smooth circulation of various factors. Infrastructure construction is the foundation for the development of the digital economy, and it is also the foundation for the development of the industrial chain and supply chain in the future. It is recommended to accelerate the construction of a data service platform, rely on the Internet and industry associations to build a number of high-level data facility platforms with the joint efforts of the government and the market, accelerate the process of industrial digitization and digital industrialization, effectively connect digital infrastructure with the industrial chain and supply chain, and ultimately improve the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain.
(2) Improve the mechanism for the sharing and flow of digital information, and drive the precise connection between the industrial chain and the innovation chain. Compared with traditional production factors, isolated data itself has no value, and the realization of the value of data elements lies in the efficient circulation and use of other production factors, and the users and scenarios determine the value of data, which helps to transform the industrial business model and management services, and provides new impetus for the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain. It is necessary to strengthen exchanges with other countries through technical cooperation and asset mergers and acquisitions in the industrial fields where the mainland's innovation ability is lacking, focus on improving the standard formulation and functional design of various industrial chain and supply chain data centers, create an efficient and shared data network system, and increase the joint research on key core technologies and "stuck neck" technologies, so as to reduce the risk of information islands to the greatest extent and prevent the risks of key links in the industrial chain and supply chain.
(3) Increase the cultivation of digital talents, and consolidate the development foundation for the digital economy to affect the resilience of industrial and supply chains. Adhere to the concept of "people-oriented", and vigorously cultivate compound talents with both digital technology and industrial development. First of all, we will deepen the new education concept, integrate the application of digital technology into the whole process of the education system, and carry out activities such as "Internet + education" and "Internet + functional training" between enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes, so as to cultivate a group of compound talents who are not only good at skill learning and Xi but also proficient in the new generation of information technology, so as to consolidate the talent base for human capital to improve the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain. Secondly, improve the talent introduction mechanism, in view of the current slow digital transformation of enterprises in some industrial chains and the lag in the digital transformation of the industrial chain, continue to open positions related to the digitalization of the industrial chain, implement the incentive mechanism of "enclave talent introduction" and "unveiling the leader" of industrial chain digitalization, explore flexible talent introduction mechanisms in various ways, build a team of high-level technical talents in digital field engineering, continuously release the vitality of talents, and let the digital economy promote the resilience and security of the industrial chain and supply chain.
(4) Continuously improve the level of digital and real integration, and promote the "chain length system" in the advantageous industrial chain. The resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain is mainly manifested in the autonomy and controllability of key links, the core competitiveness of pillar industries, and the resilience of core enterprises against risks. For the advantageous industrial chain, all localities can organize relevant enterprises to promote the "chain length system" work model, and urge the government and the head enterprises of the industrial chain to jointly promote the integration and upgrading of the industrial chain. On the one hand, it is necessary to take the initiative to give full play to the advantages and leading role of the "chain master" of the industrial chain, help the transformation of the supply chain, industrial chain, value chain and industrial operation process, and improve the ecological chain; on the other hand, digital leading enterprises should take independent and controllable digital technologies such as cloud computing, blockchain, and industrial Internet as the driving force, and take data as the key element to deconstruct and upgrade all links of the industrial chain value chain, and create new models, new formats, and new values.
epilogue
In the future, it is necessary to continue to improve the multiplier effect of the digital economy to empower the resilience of industrial and supply chains, so as to better promote the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth in quantity of industrial and supply chains.
责编:刘安琪 | 审核:李震 | 监审:万军伟