Rambutan is a large tropical fruit tree of the genus Shaozi of the family Apocynaceae native to the Malay Archipelago, which is also known as "lychee" because of its many similarities with lychees and the fact that the outer skin is covered with spines.
Rambutan is rich in flesh, rich in juice, sweet and sour in taste, and rich in many nutrients, which has been favored by many consumers.
In recent years, the price of rambutan has not been low, before the commercial planting in China, imported rambutan even sold to nearly 100 yuan a catty, although the price has fallen in the past two years, but the market sales price per kilogram is basically maintained at about 30 yuan.
At this stage, it is the listing period of rambutan, and Inong learned from an e-commerce platform that the price of rambutan imported from Thailand has been sold to 50/ kg, and the price of domestic rambutan per catty is generally more than 30 yuan.
The market price of rambutan is in stark contrast to the price of its "relative" lychee, which is generally below 10 yuan / catty.
At present, the planting area of lychees in China is about 8 million mu, the total annual output is about 2.6 million tons, in recent years, the market oversupply has become increasingly significant, this year is in addition to rare, high-quality lychee varieties, prices have "dived", 2-3 yuan of land purchase price, is really difficult for fruit farmers to have a good harvest of joy.
In contrast, rambutan, the market sales price of about 30 yuan, the land purchase price of 10-20 yuan, has an absolute advantage over the price of lychee. In addition, under fine cultivation, rambutan has a yield and economic life equivalent to lychee.
A question arises: with consumer recognition, high prices, yields and economic longevity, why don't we grow rambutan on a large scale?
(Everyone read the article, Inon is by no means to persuade everyone to develop and plant rambutan)
In fact, as early as the 1930s, China has begun to introduce random cultivation of rambutan, due to the limitations of many factors, it has not formed a commercial scale.
Rambutan was actually grown commercially after about the 1960s, but even then, it's been more than 50 years.
So far, the cultivation area of domestic rambutan is only about 30,000-40,000 mu, and the largest production area of domestic cultivation of rambutan is in Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province, according to the local deputy county magistrate Zhang Baoshan, last year the county planted rambutan area of about 25,000 mu, the annual output of about 22,500 tons.
Half a century to develop the scale of tens of thousands of acres, to know another hot fruit - sunshine rose, the domestic 2010 began to develop planting, so far the scale has exceeded one million acres.
So why? Next, Inon will talk to you about my opinion.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > environmental constraints? </h1>
This should be the first problem we will think of, rambutan does have higher requirements for the growth environment, typical hot area fruits, light, temperature, humidity has more stringent requirements.
Among them, the ambient temperature is the limiting factor for its growth and development (meaning that others can be slightly combined but the temperature is not OK), the average temperature is above 24 °C, the average temperature of the coldest month is above 19 °C, the annual minimum temperature cannot be lower than 10 °C, the most suitable annual accumulated temperature is above 8900 °C, and the area with an annual accumulated temperature greater than 8500 °C can be used as a secondary area.
In addition to the temperature, it also requires an annual precipitation of more than 2300 mm, and requires a uniform rainy season, not drought tolerance and no flooding; in the environment with sufficient light and little wind, it can grow well.
From the perspective of the growth environment of rambutan, it does greatly limit its planting scale in China.
However, environmental factors are not the main reason for restricting large-scale cultivation of rambutan, because from the perspective of temperature, Baoting County alone has 1.32 million mu of suitable living areas, and the surrounding cities and counties of Baoting County have 4.95 million mu of sub-suitable areas (data source from Hainan Meteorological Information Center).
Therefore, if you want to expand the seeds, some of them are suitable for growing areas, and if environmental factors are the main reason, it will not be that Baoting County currently has only 25,000 mu of rambutan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="36" > is it difficult to plant? </h1>
Since environmental factors are not the key, let's look at the difficulty of planting, compared with other native fruit trees, rambutan is more difficult to grow, which is indeed a matter of no doubt.
The reason why rambutan is more difficult to plant is nothing more than that the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is more serious, the cultivated species resources are chaotic, the plant resistance to stress is weak, the planting experience is not rich enough, the research is not in-depth enough, and the in-depth research is no longer detailed.
Because "difficult to plant" is not the reason for restricting the large-scale cultivation of rambutan, or to Baoting County as an example, we have planted 25,000 mu, and the annual output value in 2020 will reach 360 million yuan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="42" > imported fruit impact? </h1>
90% of the world's rambutan is produced in Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines, China is Thailand's largest fruit importer, is Thailand's rambutan cheap impact on the domestic market?
In the past ten or twenty years, the rambutan in the Chinese market does rely on imports, although the current import of rambutan but according to the data of domestic rambutan imports in recent years, the annual import volume of rambutan has not exceeded 2000 tons since 12 years. It is less than 10% of Baoting County's annual output, so the impact of imported fruits on the market is really not up.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="43" > market acceptance low? </h1>
Needless to say, to investigate how many people around you like to eat rambutan, the scope of the survey is wider, the population base of 1.4 billion, can be calculated how big the market is.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="55" > rambutan's innate disadvantages and imperfect postharvest industrial chain make it difficult to plant on a large scale</h1>
Since the environment, cultivation and market are not factors restricting large-scale cultivation of rambutan, why is it?
After selling it for such a long time, the reason is actually very simple.
As rambutan there is an innate disadvantage, and we do not currently have a proper solution to this "disadvantage".
Rambutan is an extremely intolerant fruit to storage, due to the special structure of its peel, rambutan will brown within 3 days after harvesting, 3-4 days at room temperature will lose water or even sour wine taste, a week may rot and deteriorate.
In addition, it is also extremely intolerant to transportation, the crux of the problem is on the spines outside the skin of rambutan, the spines outside the skin of rambutan are easy to break, and the spines contain tannins, which will accelerate the browning of the fruit and accelerate its metamorphosis time.
Can not be put away, can not touch, difficult to transport, greatly limit the market scope of rambutan, according to relevant reports that imports and Baoting County produced rambutan most of the sales radius is not out of Hainan Province, Liangguang region and Yunnan Province (Xishuangbanna is also planted) a very small part of the sales to the north.
Indeed, we also study the insurance measures, the current mainstream measures to extend rambutan are mainly spraying chemicals (previously exposed to illegal traders excessive, illegal use of preservatives to extend the shelf life of rambutan), low temperature preservation (tropical fruits will brown for a long time at low temperatures), high temperature pretreatment insurance, biological agent preservation, modified atmosphere preservation, etc.;
Although there are many measures, the freshness period will be extended by half a month at most.
Planted, can not be put, can not be transported, so how a large-scale planting method!
Then cultivation can't be developed? There is a way to extend the industrial chain and deep process rambutan, but this is not something that ordinary fruit farmers can do, so at present, if you want to develop and plant rambutan, you must be cautious.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="24" > like articles about the three rural areas, agriculture, planting, rural life, plant science and other types, then please pay attention to, like @ Yinong to see the world will continue to share what I know, learn, see to everyone. </h1>
Original is not easy, please do not reprint without permission!
Detailed, welcome to discuss!