Aunt Li, who is in her fifties, usually has little pressure at work, and the workload can be bearable, and occasionally has symptoms of chest pain and panic, and the symptoms are not obvious, so she does not pay attention to it, and the sudden departure of her friend makes her immediately nervous.
Chest discomfort is easily associated with heart disease, and the doctor told you that it may be a precursor to a heart attack, and cardiovascular disease is likely to be life-threatening once it occurs, so it should be taken seriously.
1. Overview and pathogenesis of myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction, also known as acute myocardial infarction, due to coronary artery stenosis or blockage, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the heart and a series of heart problems, myocardial infarction mostly occurs in people over 40 years old, in recent years there are signs of downward development, once there is chest pain and chest tightness must be seen in time, so as not to delay the condition. The onset of myocardial infarction is mainly due to decreased blood perfusion, inadequate oxygen supply, and increased oxygen consumption:
1. Reduced blood perfusion: The artery where the heart directly pumps blood is the coronary artery, and the coronary artery has plaque formation, which will cause the arterial lumen to narrow or be blocked, the blood circulation will be reduced, the coronary blood perfusion will be reduced, and the blood reduction will cause slow blood flow, promote coronary atherosclerosis, and accelerate myocardial infarction.
2. Insufficient oxygen supply: When blood perfusion is reduced, the oxygen carried by the arteries is reduced, and the oxygen supply carried by the arteries is insufficient. In addition, low blood pressure and difficulty breathing can lead to insufficient oxygen supply.
3. Increased oxygen consumption: All kinds of overwork behaviors will increase myocardial oxygen consumption.
2. Clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction is usually acute and dangerous, and most of the attacks have passed the early stage, and it is relatively troublesome to treat, but the onset of myocardial infarction is premonitored, so you can understand the situation in advance in order to understand your physical condition:
1. Pain in the chest or precordial area. The most typical feature of myocardial infarction is the occurrence of chest or precordial pain, generally squeezing pain, which can radiate to the left arm and left shoulder, if the pain is not relieved for more than 15 minutes, we must be alert to the onset of myocardial infarction.
2. Paroxysmal chest tightness and breathlessness. Myocardial ischemia can cause chest tightness, once within 5 minutes, rest can be relieved, it is necessary to be vigilant to chest tightness caused by myocardial ischemia, if it continues for more than ten minutes and is accompanied by dyspnea, it is necessary to be alert to the precursor of myocardial infarction. Pay special attention to chest tightness and breathlessness do not think that it is a lung problem, and seek medical attention in time to identify.
3. Neck tightness. In severe cases of myocardial ischemia, the sensation of being choked may occur, and in addition to the pre-myocardial infarction, it can also occur during strenuous exercise or labor.
4. Pain in specific areas. Myocardial infarction does not necessarily only cause chest pain, but due to myocardial ischemia, nerve stimulation can also cause reflex pain, which can cause shoulder pain, headache, toothache, back pain, upper arm pain, stomach pain, etc. If it does not relieve pressure for 15 minutes, accompanied by chest tightness and breathlessness, it indicates the risk of heart attack.
5. Obvious fatigue and dyspnea.
Most of the above symptoms appear in the early stage, and once a similar situation occurs, it is necessary to see a doctor in time for a detailed examination. If myocardial infarction recurs, the mortality rate will skyrocket and it will be more difficult to treat. If family members and friends have a sudden heart attack, they must lie down in time, maintain a calm state of mind, use oxygen equipment in time if they have difficulty breathing, and be ready for cardiopulmonary resuscitation at any time.
Special tips for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Stack your hands and press on the midpoint of the line with the two nipples, at a frequency of 100-120 times/minute, at a depth of 5-6cm. (Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the business of medical personnel, it can also be used as an emergency self-rescue measure for families, and you can learn Xi through formal medical training, so that you can help your family and friends as soon as possible in case of an emergency in the future.) ）
3. Prevention of myocardial infarction
Preventive health care is a necessary means to prevent and treat myocardial infarction, do not wait until it is found to find a way to treat, early prevention, early detection, early treatment is the best health care means for myocardial infarction:
1. Check-ECG
One of the most basic tests for myocardial infarction is electrocardiogram, ST segment elevation, severe depression, complete left bundle branch block, etc., the risk of myocardial infarction should be considered, and timely treatment should be given. Angina pectoris can also be diagnosed with coronary CTA or coronary angiography.
2. Anti-hemmosque formation
Preventing the formation of blood plaque is the most important way to prevent myocardial infarction, and the specific way is to control the three highs, quit smoking and drinking, go to bed early and get up early, exercise appropriately, and eat a diet that is low in oil, low salt, low sugar and low fat.
3. Protect - protect the heart
(1) Eat a serving of fish every day: Fish is rich in polyunsaturated fats, which can effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases, eating 150g of fish three times a week can effectively reduce cardiovascular disease by 8%, eating 50g of fish a day can reduce 9%, eating 150g of fish per day can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by 28%.
(2) Climb stairs every day: According to research, climbing stairs can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease than not climbing stairs, climbing 5 flights of stairs a day can reduce cardiovascular risk by 20%, the more times you climb, the more you reduce the risk, but you also have to do what you can.
(3) Go to bed from 10 o'clock to 11 o'clock every night: staying up late will disturb your health, staying up late for a long time will easily increase the load on the heart, and the burden on the heart muscle will also increase, which will easily induce myocardial infarction and lead to sudden death in severe cases. (Staying up late for a long time is the daily routine of contemporary youth, so the occurrence of myocardial infarction is getting younger and younger, and it is not advisable to exchange health for temporary freedom)
summary
To sum up, the harm of myocardial infarction is quite serious, but preventing it is more important than treatment. The attack of myocardial infarction is not only sudden, but also very dangerous, even if it is rescued, once it occurs again, the possibility of treatment will become lower and lower, so the treatment of patients with sudden myocardial infarction depends on luck.
Although the signs of seizures may be a little helpless, you can always have oxygen equipment and learn Xi correct CPR methods to buy more precious time for the treatment of patients.
In addition to medical treatment, it is also important to learn Xi health care knowledge to prevent myocardial infarction, which is usually preceded by some physical conditions, such as chest or precordial pain, increased fatigue and difficulty breathing.
In addition, there are radiating pain such as left arm and left shoulder, headache, toothache, epigastric pain, back pain, etc., once there are such manifestations, we must seek medical attention in time, early prevention, early detection, and early treatment are the most effective preventive measures for myocardial infarction. In addition, we should also pay attention to diet in life, and bad diet Xi habit is the killer that causes myocardial infarction and aggravates the condition of myocardial infarction.
Less oil, less salt and less sugar, eating less and more meals, appropriately increasing fish intake, eating more fresh vegetables and fruits, not sitting and standing for a long time, and exercising for half an hour a day can effectively reduce the risk of heart attack. Medical treatment is only an aid to the treatment of incurable diseases, and the best doctor has to be the individual himself.