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In the sixties and seventies, when materials were relatively scarce, everyone's life was filled with all kinds of "foreign" items, whether it was sweet and delicious "foreign sugar" or soft and comfortable "foreign socks", which were all necessities in people's daily life.
Now, the names of these "foreign goods" have gradually disappeared from us, but the memories of that time are still as clear as yesterday.
Let's take a look back at those "foreign goods" that have left a deep imprint on the long river of time!
【▶> Western Fire Japanese <◀】
Do you remember the fire and wax? Those who recognize it may have in mind the lighting tools used by most people in the homes of that era: matches and candles.
As for why it was named "foreign goods" by the people at that time, it was because during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, matches were introduced to China from abroad as high-end goods.
Since then, foreign matches have occupied a large number of markets in China, and matches have quickly become popular among the Chinese people because of their convenience, and have won the name of "foreign fire".
The origin of matches can be traced back to 577 A.D., when China was in the midst of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Due to the frequent wars and the shortage of materials, especially fire, people began to look for new ways to make fire, so the concubines and palace maids came up with a solution:
By dipping sulfur on a small wooden stick, you can easily turn the "yin fire" into a "yang fire" with the help of an existing fire source or fire knife flint.
This primitive match solved people's urgent need at that time, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, the streets of Hangzhou have been full of vendors selling matches, and the use of matches has been quite popular.
In the 17th century, the French chemist Boyle invented a new type of match, which produced sparks by rubbing a thin wooden stick stained with sulfur against coarse paper coated with phosphorus.
In the 18th century, a giant match similar to a drum mallet appeared in Venice, and although expensive and inconvenient to use, its appearance still represented a further development of match technology.
Until the Swedes devised safer matches, the advent of such matches made the use of matches more convenient and safer.
The simple invention of matches, with its unique principle of frictional heat generation, has become one of the important fire-making tools in human history.
At the same time that foreign matches entered the Chinese market, Western candles also entered the Chinese market, which were welcomed by the Chinese due to their advanced production technology, excellent quality and moderate price, and were named "foreign wax".
So, have you used both fire and wax?
【▶> Oil Lamp and Smoke <◀】
In addition to the lighting tool of foreign wax, there is also a foreign product called foreign oil lamp.
In twentieth-century China, kerosene lamps were closely related to people's lives as daily necessities, and became the first choice for night lighting in the era when electric lights were not yet popular.
Its structure usually includes an oil bottle, a lamp holder, a lamp holder and a lamp shade, through the cooperation of these parts, the brightness of the light can be adjusted, and it plays a role in preventing wind.
Despite the beauty and practicality of finished lamps, homemade kerosene lamps are most common in rural areas, such as those made from glass bottles or empty ink bottles, which can be simply illuminated by drilling holes in the caps and threading cotton threads as wicks.
Although the need for lighting at night was met, there were some problems with the use of kerosene lamps.
Due to the high temperature, the glass bottle may burst, and people often need to rotate the use of multiple kerosene lamps, the light produced by the kerosene lamps is dim, and a large amount of black smoke is produced when burned, which can have a negative impact on people's eyesight after long-term use.
Those who did not live in that era may have a question, why is this homemade kerosene lamp also called "foreign oil lamp"?
In fact, it was because the lamp oil was imported at that time, so it got the name.
In addition, cigarettes as a special consumer product, also have a long history, in the 70s of the last century, cigarettes were divided into different grades, the higher the price, the better the taste and quality.
Regardless of the price, cigarettes are always harmful to health.
In the history of Chinese cigarettes, the earliest prototype was opium, and due to its severe physical damage, people urgently needed to find a relatively harmless alternative.
Eventually, the advent of cigarettes met this demand, and the early cigarettes were mostly dry tobacco and hookah, rolled with paper, and then the cigarette manufacturing technology from Europe and the United States was introduced to China and gradually became popular with people.
Foreign cigarettes also entered the Chinese market in a big way at this time, such as Albanian cigarettes.
At that time, cigarette tickets were required to buy cigarettes, and farmers in rural areas in southwest Shandong had the opportunity to redeem cigarettes when visiting relatives and friends.
High-quality cigarette brands such as Zhonghua, Daqianmen and Peony are highly regarded, especially Phoenix cigarettes with filters and flavors.
Although technological advancements have turned our lives upside down, these traditional everyday objects still leave an indelible mark on our memories.
【▶>“洋碱”和“洋胰子”<◀】
Have you ever used oceanoalkali and ocean-pancreas? Don't look at them as detergents, they look quite similar, but they are not the same thing!
Acerolin is actually soap, while pancreatic is soap.
Back in ancient times, detergents were not as plentiful as they are today, and almost all of the items used to wash clothes, hand washing, and hair were all the same.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was discovered that the honey locust fruit on the soap tree had a good cleaning effect, and its ground foam was rich and could effectively remove stains.
There is also a washing product called bath beans, one of the main ingredients of which is pig pancreas, which contains digestive enzymes that break down fats, proteins, and starches, thus having a detergent effect.
The bath beans have undergone many improvements, with natural crystalline alkali replacing soybean flour and adding ingredients such as pork fat and spices, resulting in a solid bath bean similar to modern soap - pancreas.
In the West, the use of soap dates back to Roman times in 200 AD, when the original soap was made from vegetable oil and plant ash, which was expensive and usually only affordable for the aristocracy.
It was not until 1892 that the American chemist Hamilton Castener invented a new method of producing industrial caustic soda by electrically decomposing table salt, which simplified the process of making soap and made it more affordable, so that it became popular in thousands of households.
After soap was introduced to China, it was called "foreign alkali" because it came from the West and was alkaline.
The more well-known name is "pancreas", which originated in the Wei and Jin dynasties, when people ground pig pancreas into powder, mixed with sugar, plant ash, and pressed into spherical or lumpy detergents.
This tradition continues to this day, and many northerners still Xi call soap "pancreas" or "pig pancreas", and soap is called "fragrant pancreas".
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, shops specializing in pancreas sprung up in Beijing and other places, among which the famous Hexianglou was opened in the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, and Hua Hanchong had a store in the early Qing Dynasty.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 70 pancreatic shops in Beijing, selling various fragrance products, such as osmanthus pancreas, rose pancreas, sandalwood pancreas, jasmine pancreas, etc.
The next two things, which you may know very well for those who often do farm work, are the nails and shovels.
【▶>洋钉和洋锹<◀】
In traditional Chinese culture, the making of iron nails is an ancient craft, and blacksmiths carefully craft various types of nails such as jujube pit nails and mushroom nails around the fire, which are used to splice thick wooden planks or secure gates.
At the time, due to the lack of rubber tires, wooden carriage wheels were inlaid with iron sheets and fastened with mushroom nails to ensure durability.
However, the wooden wheels put a lot of pressure on the road surface, causing deep ruts on the road, and in order to solve this problem, Qin Shi Huang ordered the unification of the tracks to make the vehicle travel more smoothly.
In the 19th century, gunboats from Western powers blasted open the gates of China, and a large number of foreign goods poured into the Chinese market, including iron nails made with new techniques, commonly known as "foreign nails".
Available in a variety of diameters and lengths, these nails are very convenient to use, and they are manufactured by pressing, where the round cap is extruded and then the nail tip is molded.
Unexpectedly, the nails have not only become a tool, but also become a dish on the table of many people! It acts as a temporary substitute for snacks, especially those "soy sauce nails" with a special flavor that have been soaked in condiment vats for a long time.
After the liberation of China, China began to learn new Xi technology, and gradually realized the independent production of iron nails, since then the common people no longer call iron nails "foreign nails".
As an important agricultural tool, the shovel has been widely used in rural areas and has become a must-have for every family.
For many post-90s generations, the shovel may have become a relatively unfamiliar memory, but in the past, it was an indispensable helper for farmers to dig soil and ditches.
Whether it is the traditional iron nails, horse-drawn carriage wheels, or later "foreign nails" and shovels, they are all rolling forward in the long river of history......
Finally, let's take a look at the foreign goods about food!
【▶>Western persimmon Japanese onion<◀】
Tomatoes are a brightly colored, sweet and sour fruit that originated in South America and gradually spread around the world, becoming a popular ingredient around the world.
In China, tomatoes are called "persimmons", a name derived from the fact that they were introduced from overseas.
In fact, the color of tomatoes is not limited to red, there are many other colors, such as yellow, orange, etc., these different colors of tomatoes, each with its own characteristics, add a rich color to our table.
There are four main types of tomatoes that we commonly see in our daily lives, and the "strawberry persimmon" with a sweet and sour taste and thin green skin is very unique because of its fleshy texture similar to that of strawberries.
The second is the "cool persimmon" with a wide bottom and often a sand pulp, which is suitable for soup.
Then there are the thick-skinned "meat persimmons", which are usually not suitable for raw consumption and are more suitable for peeling and cooking.
The last type is the miniature persimmon, known as the "cherry tomato", which is small and cute enough to be eaten raw as a fruit.
In addition to being an ingredient, tomatoes are also highly nutritious, they are rich in vitamin C and vitamin A, which help protect eye health, improve immunity, antioxidants, and prevent cardiovascular disease.
As for onions, a vegetable with a long history, native to western Asia, onions have a rich and varied history in China, with some suggesting that they were introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty and by the iron horsemen of Genghis Khan of the Yuan Dynasty.
Today, onions have become one of the indispensable ingredients on the table of Chinese.
Onions are known by many other names, such as bulb shallots, shallots, shallots, shallots, etc., and in the Xinjiang region of China, onions are called "skin teeth".
There are many types of onions, including purple onions, white onions, and yellow onions, and different colors of onions have their own flavors, providing more choices for our cooking.
All of the above foreign goods have become the best memories of people in that era.
And now in the era of foreign characters, there will be no more!
In your memory, what other items have the word "foreign" on them, and what objects still have the word "foreign" on them today?
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