Welcome to listen to the "Beijing Radio and Television Sports Broadcasting" (FM 102.5 MHz) afternoon broadcast for you "Chinese Sports Spirit", this program is a show to show the charm of traditional Chinese sports, promote the excellent traditional Chinese culture of the talk program, the program is also in Beijing Radio and Television official client "listen to FM" simultaneous broadcast.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's chess sports have made great progress, in 1956 held the first National Chess Championship, when Go and chess were still performance projects, until November 11, 1962, when the National Chess Competition was held in Hefei, Anhui Province, Chinese Chess and the Chinese Go Association held the inaugural meeting, chess sports entered a stage of rapid development, reporter Shen Tong recently interviewed the Chinese chess and chess veteran Xu Jialiang, looking back on the past, Xu Jialiang old man is also a lot of feelings, At that time, two associations were established, one is the Chinese Go Association, the other is the Chinese Chess Association, the work of chess is managed by the Chinese Chess Association, at that time there were more than 40 members of the Go Association and the Chess Association, and now only two of them are still alive, one is Wang Jialiang of Harbin, Heilongjiang, and the other is me, Wang Jialiang is one year younger than me, and now the oldest of the three chess in the country belongs to me, I feel very lucky, I can not forget the original intention, live a healthy life, and also make a little contribution to the country in the chess world It is quite goodI think that the main thing is to grasp the mentality better, and the whole process has also gone through many tests, and it is not all smooth sailing. "Although he has won the national championship of chess, but most of the chess players who were engaged in chess at that time were amateur players, Xu Lao was no exception, after graduating from Xu Jialiang, who studied Xi textile machinery in college, he came to Beijing to change his career to engage in the research of metallurgical machinery, and his talent in chess and chess made Xu Jialiang, who came to Beijing for a short time, experienced a change of career and devoted himself to the work of the sports front," At that time, the Beijing Municipal Sports Commission has been trying to transfer me to the Beijing Chess Art Research Society, when I first arrived in Beijing, my unit was in the Ministry of Metallurgy's Architectural Research Institute, just in Xitucheng, opposite the University of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Metallurgy's Architectural Research Institute has nearly 1,000 technicians, I can rank in the top 10 in this, is a talent with a promising future, our unit leaders did not agree to transfer me, before I was in Shanghai I was supposed to learn Xi textile machinery, but at that time it was not' What to learn, what to do, what to learn', all my basic subjects are good, so do any major, at that time my teacher was Zhou Zhihong, is a national metallurgical heat treatment expert, he studied at Harvard University, and later became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, he especially likes me, we have many teachers in East China Textile Institute are also his students, he lectured a course "metallographic and heat treatment" here Mr. Zhou was busy at that time, he was also a consultant in Shanghai steel mill, so he didn't have time to go to class, Sunday specifically asked me to go to his department to take classes, after listening to let me write handouts to my classmates, because I am the class representative, equivalent to Mr. Zhou first gave me a lecture, our course is like this, and then after graduation once wanted to keep me as a teaching assistant, but because one of our classmates was not in good health, there was lung disease, and finally he stayed in school, I came to Beijing to change careers to the Ministry of Metallurgy Nonferrous Metals Bureau Enterprise Management Office, and then to the Ministry of Metallurgical Construction Research Institute, engaged in construction machinery, also went to the semiconductor research group, published a research report, published by the Metallurgical Industry Press, has been applied and promoted, so the leadership of the Metallurgical Construction Research Institute at that time was unwilling to let me go, and finally found the first vice minister of the Ministry of Finance Jin Ming, he and the Minister of Metallurgical Industry Wang Heshou is a Go friend, Minister Jin Ming said to Wang Heshou, 'It is easy to find an engineer, but it is not easy to find a literate chess player. Now the country needs, we have to release people', so the Metallurgical Construction Research Institute agreed to release people, saying that if I don't go, I have to write a report, otherwise I have to leave, so I changed careers again, and I came to the Beijing Municipal Sports Commission to report without being an engineer, which was before May 1962. I started at the Beijing Chess Art Research Society, and in 1963, when I established a professional chess team in Beijing, I went to Xiannongtan and became a professional chess player, I was in my 30s at that time, I was an athlete and coach, and I took chess as my specialty every day!"
Xu Jialiang and chess grandmaster Guangdong Yang Guanxuan Just when Xu Jialiang was preparing to move forward bravely on the career path of chess, ten years of catastrophe, the chess team was disbanded, Xu Jialiang was assigned to the glucose factory under the Beijing Food General Factory, and became a skilled worker, but even in the most difficult period, Xu Jialiang did not completely leave the chess world," At that time, I was also assigned to the Beijing Glucose Factory outside Desheng Gate, and went to the factory for eight years, but I was not in the factory for eight years, because there were about four months of time in the garden every year, mainly in the Cultural Palace and Zhongshan Park, and there were garden activities on May 11 and 11 every year. Wang Qijun wrote a report and forwarded it to Premier Zhou through Mr. Chen, asking for the resumption of chess activities because it belongs to traditional culture. From 1972 to 1976, I was subordinate to the Cultural Palace of the garden command, belonging to the direct leadership of the municipal party committee, at that time because of the Go to see few people, so it was to organize a chess performance, I hung a large plate next to the explanation, but also engaged in Go activities, when the performance of the Beijing master Fu Guangming, Zang Ruyi, at that time I played chess well, and there was still a little distance from them, but I could talk about chess, at that time to promote Mao Zedong Thought, I read Mao Zedong's anthology, Chairman Mao's five military works I have deeply studied, I feel that Chairman Mao's military theory can be used in chess, for example, Chairman Mao said, 'Without the overall situation in the chest, you will not cast a good chess piece',' The base area is encirclement and counter-encirclement', and so on, and the implementation of Chairman Mao's military theory into the practice of chess, coupled with Sun Tzu's Art of War and other contents, so that the chess talk attracted the attention of the leaders at that time. The main venue of the garden tour was in the West Forest of the Working People's Cultural Palace, and there were about two or three thousand spectators. Through the garden activities, the chess was hung on a large plate to publicize Chairman Mao's military thoughts, and it was explained that chess activities were not simple, so that the chess project was slowly resumed. "In October 1972, the first lecture on the chess hanging board was organized in the garden activities, and in May 1973, the second time, Premier Zhou said that the old chessboard we used before was not very good-looking, and re-made a new chessboard of 4 meters by 5 meters, the chess pieces were magnetic, the material was plexiglass, and the big plate looked better, and now this big chessboard is in the Tiananmen Management Office, which can be regarded as a cultural relic! Since 1975, the national chess competition has resumed, and I am basically a factory for half a year, and I have been visiting the garden and participating in competitions for half a year. I thought it was very busy, but I thought it was also very interesting, and I also did a little bit of work on the chess project. I remember that it cost more than 2,400 yuan to make a big chessboard and more than 900 to make chess pieces, and I began to go to the Beijing Municipal Government for reimbursement, but I didn't approve it at first, and finally I found Premier Zhou to reimburse the money!" I went down to the factory in October 1970, when the Go team was also sent to the factory, everyone was very hard at that time, but the Go team is a professional athlete, I am different from them, I am studying engineering, in fact, as a technical cadre, and the relationship with the worker master is also very good, when we go we are all workers, I was originally an engineer, of course, what I did in the factory is the engineer's work, engaged in a lot of technological innovation, in 1977 I was also rated as an advanced worker by the Beijing Municipal Light Bureau, issued a large frame, I did a lot of technological innovation, very popular in the factory, at that time the factory was reluctant to let me go, but I still chose to return to the team, in 1978 was recommended by Chen Zude, I came to the People's Sports Publishing House, because at that time as a professional athlete did not point to me, after all, I am 47 years old, I am not unable to play chess, but the appointment of the National Sports Commission came first, the other two units, one is the Ministry of Metallurgical Construction Research Institute, and the other is the Beijing Sports Commission, both of which are a week late, I am also a strong organization, you came to the appointment first, I went to the People's Sports Publishing House, but after I arrived at the publishing house, I did not immediately go there to work, the Beijing Municipal Sports Commission still seconded me for two yearsIn 1978, our Beijing team won the sixth place in the National Chess Team Competition, and in the 1979 National Games, the Beijing Chess Team was fifth in the team competition. ”
Xu Jialiang is diligent and studious, mastering English and Russian through self-study, and also knows German and Japanese, which laid a good Xi language foundation for him to become the first international chess referee in the mainland in 1981 Or "Izvestia", so interpreting can also be, learning Xi Japanese is also listening to the radio self-taught, learning German is to Xi learn German with a colleague of my Metallurgical Construction Research Institute, he is a graduate of Tongji University, he opened a scientific and technical German in the institute, I learned Xi with him for a year, and I also understand some German. These four foreign languages helped me a lot, because to study chess, you have to learn Xi English and Russian, which is very helpful for improving your skills in continental chess and acting as an international referee. In 1981, I was approved as the first international chess referee in China. In addition, I also trained a group of chess referees through Xi. ”
"Through my Xi from foreign referees, I have mastered some knowledge of competition referees, because people are old, for the competition is still relatively comprehensive, systematic, they have many ready-made rules and regulations, it is worth us to learn Xi, the original referee work is not so detailed, through my learning Xi also depends on the referee, In terms of rules and regulations, international referees must be proficient in foreign languages, mainly English, especially the application of spoken language, and I understand both English and Russian, so it is much more convenient; international referees must also be proficient in the rules, and they must also thoroughly understand the content of the rules. There is a time limit for the game, and if you overtime, you must be judged and lost according to the regulations; under what circumstances can you mention the draw? How do you report to the referee if there is a problem?" Swiss games, domestic and international competition systems are different, the referee meeting before the game is mainly to let everyone unify their thinking, after there is a problem, to solve the problem fairly, many people do not understand the rules, this also includes some chess players, so you have to insist, the referee does not understand the rules There are also those who have not understood the rules, and sometimes the referee will be punished for this. "It's the same with chess players, now chess players use software to cheat, this is a new problem, the first is that such a problem should be adjudicated according to the rules, and the second is how to avoid such a problem, Magnus accused Niemann of cheating two days ago, FIDE also has a ruling, maybe Niemann is suspected of cheating, but you have to find evidence, no evidence can't be. Now in a big game, your mobile phone must be put in a designated place, and then taken away after the game, and the mobile phone signal must be blocked throughout the arena, even then there are still players to cheat, so the referee must understand the relevant knowledge of these aspects, and find ways to avoid such incidents and reduce disputes. In 1981, FIDE awarded the certificate of intercontinental referee, and once when I was the deputy referee in Hong Kong, someone used English to investigate, if you don't know, you can't become an international referee. They also made me choreograph a schedule, and it all passed and I was approved as an international judge. ”
"After becoming an international referee, I also spread what I learned to other referees, and I also combined the competition in China, and since 1992, I have been the director of the Chess Referee Committee. Every year, a referee training course is held, at the beginning of the lecture is a lecture, the referee training course is generally four or five days, ask one or two teachers to make a theme report, and then have an exam, and then I am one of the lectures, so all the referee classes, I have to prepare in advance, and at the same time I have to continue to learn Xi in order to adapt to some small changes in the referee rules. In 2005, to hold the Smart Games, I was the technical director, specializing in giving people referee training courses, from 2005 to 2008, most of the domestic referees have listened to my class. In addition, FIDE also organizes a training course for chess federation referees, and after the examination and assessment, the chess federation referees are approved, which is the second level of international referees, "Chinese traditional chess culture pays attention to "wisdom, faith, benevolence, courage and righteousness", Xu Jialiang emphasized that even if the current competition, players should also pay attention to the etiquette of the event and regulate their own behavior." In any case, our traditional culture can not be lost, not only can not be lost, but also widely inherited, carry forward, traditional culture is our lifeblood, we must have cultural self-confidence, traditional culture is also the precious wealth of our Chinese nation, to promote traditional culture among the young generation, chess activities can develop intelligence, can shape people's beautiful morality, it is a tool of education, qin, chess, calligraphy and painting can not be abandoned, must be developed in an all-round way. ”
In 1996, Xu Jialiang, who had retired, was invited to participate in the "Power Cup" National Chess Celebrity Tournament held in Lanzhou. This is what many people didn't expect, I can win a championship, because my chess is not professional after all, I play with their professional players, and the participants are basically professional, Hubei's Li Yiting is the national champion, the top six in many national competitions, Shanghai's Xu Tianli has won the runner-up in the national competition, Liaoning's Meng Liguo is also a grandmaster, as well as Gansu's Qian Hongfa, Jiangsu's chess master Ji Benhan, and later Shu Rong Chess Publishing House President Cheng Mingsong and young Gansu chess player He Yongxiang, at that time won 5 Gansu Province championships, I was 65 at the time, they were basically around 60 years old, I basically didn't expect to win the championship！”
"Before the race, people said that I was probably going to be at the bottom, so I could say that I was a little lucky to win this championship, and they said it was' I think this is not right, in fact, theory comes from practice, I am also combining theory with practice this time, I work in a publishing house, it seems to be working in a research room, and I compile and write books, but my research on chess has not been interrupted, I have participated in the competition has not been broken, many old cadres have won the championship, so I am not born, and I basically did not lose when I played against the chess master, but I actually played quite tired in that game, but I have studied in advance, theory combined with practice, in addition, I studied Chairman Mao's military thought and Sun Tzu's Art of War, and used it to talk about chess, which is also an improvement for meAlthough I am an amateur chess player, but the level is not low, when the opponent finds that it is not good, it is too late, the points have not caught up, seven opponents, I won 4 wins and 3 draws, the four games of chess won are the back hand, the 3 points of the draw are my first hand, I drew Xu Tianli, Qian Hongfa and Ji Benhan, the remaining four, there are two grandmasters, a master, are all won by my back hand! I learned chess, I used the strategy and tactics of the national elephant! After playing chess, I went back to play Chinese chess, and I was proud, so that time I won, it was no accident! It was not as the media said, 'theory defeated practice', it was theory combined with practice, and there were several games of chess in this competition that I played very excitingly, and there was a game against Li Yiting on Baidu, and some people commented that it was a famous master who crossed the river with double cannons to kill. Little prodigy 'Li Yiting has no temper, and later these moves are analyzed with the current software, which is completely in line with it, and I played wonderful chess, which I didn't expect at all, which is also from the other hand, playing chess still has to learn more Xi, practice more, and the level will not be too bad! Now I can still play chess, and I have reached God 1-1 twice every day in chess!"
In addition to doing his own work conscientiously, Mr. Xu is also enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings such as extracurricular education. He is the first generation of chess tutors in the Beijing Children's Palace, "In 1959, I went to the Beijing Children's Palace as an extracurricular counselor for chess, at that time Sun Jingxiu was the most famous storyteller, in 1984 I was rated as an outstanding extracurricular tutor in Beijing with Sun Jingxiu and other 12 people, I am equivalent to teaching chess and chess, each chess has several years, the earliest is 1959 - In 1960, and then in 1973, it was resumed, the first was Mr. Zhang Xiongfei to teach chess, and later he served as the leader of the chess of the National Sports Commission, and he was too busy with work, so he recommended Dong Qiliang and me to serve as external counselors, Dong Qiliang taught chess, I taught chess, it was Sunday morning, the thunder could not move, I went to the Beijing Children's Palace in Jingshan Back Street to teach chess, like the first batch of students I taught, Yao Zhenzhang, and later the senior coach of the Chongwen Children's Palace, I had more than 50 students in the Children's Palace. ”
In 1990, the Chinese Chess Association awarded him the title of "Honorary Referee of Chess"; since 1993, because of his major contributions to the press and publication work, the State Council awarded him "special government allowance", and now Xu Jialiang, who is 92 years old, still works hard, Xu Jialiang said frankly that although playing chess is "amateur", only love can not be disappointed. Review and final review, the third review system, I am mainly engaged in review now, and there are also books for final review, and other items, such as ball games, track and field and gymnastics, I also know a little bit, mainly text checks. "Now 92, I started to learn chess at the age Xi of 7 or 8, I devoted myself to the chess career in 1962, more than 60 years like a day, do not forget the original intention, keep in mind the mission, contribute everything I have, I think this is what I should do, although I was not a professional player later, chess is an amateur, but I did not see chess as an amateur, it is the best and biggest hobby in my life, this is my obligation. ”