The emperor of the mountain is far away, and there are many bandits in the diao people. In old China, bandits were endless, and they had a long-standing nickname, called "Liangshan Good Han", a group of people who fell into the grass.
Some of these people are really forced to make a living and have no choice but to do so, and this part of the people are displaced by themselves and want to survive by "robbing the rich and helping the poor"; some are because they are lazy and lazy, and want to occupy the mountains as kings, and be a blessing and a fish and meat people.
After the founding of New China, it began to stabilize society and develop the economy, how to recruit bandits, how to implement different policies for different types of bandits in the struggle against bandits, and how to let the part of the bandits who were tested and saved return to the ordinary toiling masses, and through self-reliance, live a new life, and contribute to the development of the national economy have become the most important tasks.
Many of the party's first generation of leaders were born in the countryside, including Chairman Mao Zedong, who had long been engaged in the peasant movement, was good at fighting guerrilla warfare, and knew especially the bandits in the countryside.
In the struggle against bandits in the founding of the People's Republic of China, the People's Liberation Army has eliminated more than 2.6 million bandits, and Chairman Mao paid special attention to 6 of them in his lifetime.
One is the Longyun father and son of the Yi people. The "King of Yunnan" Long Yun declared his opposition to Chiang Kai-shek in Hong Kong, but after his son Long Sheng was appointed deputy commander of the Zhaotong Garrison District, he went so far as to secretly collude with the Kuomintang reactionary Chiang Kai-shek and became the Kuomintang's "Military and Political Commander of Eastern Yunnan and Commander-in-Chief of the Communists in Qianchuan, Yunnan."
Long Rope was once a clumsy disciple, after the founding of New China, still did not change the bad habits of the old society, fish and meat people in Yunnan, caused the people there to complain, and then colluded with the Kuomintang, launched a rebellion, was shot dead by the People's Liberation Army, after that, Chairman Mao sent Long Yun to personally return to Yunnan to deal with this matter, Long Yun after some investigation, Dayi annihilation of relatives to confirm the crime of his son Long Shengzeng.
The second is the Tibetan bandit leader Xiang Qian, who has been doing ideological work for this ethnic minority bandit leader in the hope that he will submit to the Communist Party. Chairman Mao once lamented that Zhuge Liang was the seventh capture of Meng, and the People's Liberation Army was the nine capture of Xiang Qian.
In fact, the People's Liberation Army carried out a total of 17 persuasions to surrender Xiang Qian before the attack, until after the attack, it carried out the last persuasion of him, and the total of 18 persuasions before and after the attack was really painstaking.
The thing is this: In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the 18th Army was about to march into Tibet, and the Kuomintang reactionaries wantonly propagated the rumor that "the communist army wants to kill the Tibetans." Chairman Mao Zedong considered the overall situation and held that "even if a victorious battle is fought, it will hurt the feelings of the nation" and "it will trap itself in passivity." He specially instructed the Platons to adopt a peaceful method to resolve the problem with xiangqian, the leader of the bandits, not to raise troops without authorization, and to be cautious and cautious, so as not to cause contradictions and affect the overall situation.
The Communist Party's good intentions to win more ethnic minority tribes were not in vain, and after the People's Liberation Army marched into Tibet to suppress bandits, it leniently dealt with the 11 xiangqian's cronies that were captured, and under the persuasion of these people, xiangqian finally surrendered.
Later, he also served as the county magistrate of Jianzha County and the vice governor of Huangnan Autonomous Prefecture, making great contributions to the close unity of ethnic minority tribes of the Communist Party.
The third was Xiao Jiabi, the leader of the Jinggangshan bandits who opposed the Red Army, and Chairman Mao named this murderous demon as "must be captured alive." In the end, Xiao Jiabi was captured alive by the 142nd Division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and executed in Suichang.
Chairman Mao believed that chen Quzhen, the leader of the bandits, chen Quzhen, had meritorious deeds and deeds, and should first be patiently persuaded to surrender. In the end, the bandit leader Chen Quzhen surrendered.
Chairman Mao specially invited and summoned him to a banquet, and later, he personally gave instructions to save his life.
In this article, we want to focus on two of the female bandit leaders- Zhao Hongwenguo, the mother of the guerrillas, and Cheng Lianzhen, the female Meng.
These two bandits are more special, first of all, they are female bandit leaders, and secondly, they are not Han Chinese.
Let's first understand Zhao Hongwenguo, the mother of guerrillas
Zhao Hongwenguo was born in 1881, is a native of Hongqigou Township, Xiuyan County , Liaoning Province , a Manchu of manchu ethnicity , formerly known as Hongwenguo , because her husband's surname is Zhao , also known as Zhao Hongwenguo , "Old Lady Zhao".
Her life is quite legendary, known as the "old lady with two guns", "the mother of guerrillas", "the mother of the nation", and many celebrities at home and abroad know the story of Zhao Hongwenguo.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhao Hongwenguo's son Zhao Dong participated in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and was a famous anti-Japanese hero.
Zhao Hongwenguo himself also made countless efforts for the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the "Taihang Mountain Guangfu Army" in Henan, the "National Anti-Japanese Army" in Hebei, and the list of the founders of the participating organizations all had the great name of Zhao Hongwenguo, and even the "Young Iron-Blooded Army" in Southern Liaoning, as well as the "Jin-Cha-Ji Guerrilla Column", and Zhao Hongwenguo was one of the well-known leaders.
It is said that Zhao Hongwenguo's marksmanship is very good, she has two box gun pistols, both guns are carried with her, when fighting, Mrs. Zhao opened her bow left and right, the bullet was not false, almost every bullet can hit a Japanese invader, so the enemy army is afraid.
Zhao Hongwenguo was also called the "old lady with two guns" by the people in the nearby villages, and he joined her anti-Japanese team
In the spring of 1932, the Japanese invaders launched a war of aggression against China, and countless Chinese people rose up to resist after the "918" incident to defend their homeland and defend the country.
Zhao Hongwenguo and her third son, Zhao Tong, were obviously unreserved anti-Japanese pioneers, and they even vacated their houses as command posts and transportation stations for the anti-Japanese armed forces. At that time, the Zhao family, after decades of accumulation, had 16 houses in their hands, which were originally local rich families, with no worries about food and clothing.
However, Zhao Hongwenguo did not covet personal pleasures, in the face of the great national righteousness, she led the whole family, and several sons spared no effort to contribute to the cause of resistance against Japan, whether it was money or life, Zhao Hongwenguo ignored it, and his patriotism was evident.
In the chaos of the war, Zhao Jiabaozi Primary School had to be dissolved, in order to resist Japan's "enslavement" education, Zhao Hongwenguo's third son Zhao Dong worked hard to resume teaching, he insisted on teaching Chinese to local children.
Zhao Dong taught the children that they should love the country, bravely resist the war, and no matter when, where, and when they face any difficulties and temptations, they should not be slaves to the country.
With the efforts of Zhao Tong, the teachers and students of Zhao Jiabaozi Primary School have naturally become the vanguard of the anti-Japanese resistance.
At this time, Miao Kexiu, who had a strong sense of patriotism, after settling down with his family, also came to the home of Mrs. Zhao, and together with Zhao Dong, he joined the anti-Japanese armed forces organized by Deng Tiemei, and the command post was located at Mrs. Zhao's house.
In 1933, with the help of Zhao Hongwenguo and his second son Zhao Lianjun, Bai Junshi and Liu Zhuangfei, who came to the Zhao family, formed the "Einsatzgruppen" for the War of Resistance Against Japan. Zhao Dong and Zhao Wei, who originally belonged to the anti-Japanese armed forces organized by Deng Tiemei, also joined the "Einsatzgruppen."
In 1934, due to the needs of the anti-Japanese resistance, Miao Kexiu, one of the anti-Japanese armed forces organized by Deng Tiemei, also left Deng Bu and returned to the Zhao family to negotiate the reorganization of the "Einsatzgruppen".
In February of that year, the "Einsatzgruppen" was renamed the "Young Predator", and the team quickly grew to 500 people, reaching the number of basic troops.
The so-called "Young Iron-Blooded Army", as the name suggests, is an anti-Japanese armed contingent organized by Zhao Hongwenguo with teenagers as the mainstay, just as the so-called "young people are strong and the country is strong", students will always be representatives of progressive ideas, and the fiery youth will eventually be dedicated to the motherland and the people.
The "Young Iron-Blooded Army", also known as the Student Army, advocates: adopting the means of the national revolution to recover the northeast and revitalize China.
Among the participants of the "Young Predator Army", the proportion of middle school students was the highest, about 250 people, accounting for half of the number of "Young Predator Army", while college students and primary school students accounted for two-tenths of each.
In addition, one-tenth of the peasants also joined the "Young Iron Blood Army" organized by Mrs. Zhao.
So, what role does Zhao Hongwenguo play in the "Young Predator Army"? What contributions did she make to the "Young Predator"?
First of all, the "Young Iron-Blooded Army" was organized in the Zhao family, Zhao Hongwenguo was naturally the initiator, and the important military meetings of this anti-Japanese armed contingent were arranged by Mrs. Zhao, who was responsible for purchasing and preserving guns and ammunition, as well as collecting Japanese and pseudo-intelligence, and so on, all of which were carried out in an orderly manner under the leadership of Mrs. Zhao.
However, the good times did not last long, and the Japanese invading army soon learned that the Zhao family was the center of the young predatory army, so the Japanese invading army quickly burned down 16 houses of the Zhao family, so the Zhao family lost almost all its assets overnight, and even became homeless. However, the Japanese invading army did not know that the Zhao Family Baozi Primary School was also organized by the Zhao Family.
However, Zhao Hongwenguo did not give up organizing anti-Japanese activities.
In March 1934, in order to purchase a printing press and print anti-Japanese propaganda materials, Zhao Hongwenguo personally went to Dagushan and other places.
Subsequently, the students of Zhao Jiabaozi Primary School participated in the printing of anti-Japanese propaganda materials, and Zhao Hongwenguo, with his daughter-in-law Wang Quanyi and others, infiltrated Xiuyan, Zhuanghe, Fengcheng, Gushan and other counties in the name of the young predatory army to post and distribute anti-Japanese propaganda materials.
For a time, the people's anti-Japanese hearts in the major counties and towns were agitated, and when the Japanese puppet army learned about it, it was very panicked.
In August 1934, the Japanese invaders once again raided the Zhao family fort, and the six members of the Zhao Hongwenguo family were imprisoned by the Japanese invaders, and more than 300 Zhao family members and villagers were implicated. In the face of the threats and inducements of the Japanese invaders, Mrs. Zhao has always been unyielding.
The Japanese invaders tortured Zhao Hongwenguo and others for two months, and there were also temptations for interests, however, Zhao Hongwenguo always held the attitude of treating death as a homecoming and was unwilling to cooperate, and the helpless Japanese invaders became angry and angry, and reported to the Kwantung Army Headquarters to plan a secret execution of Mrs. Zhao.
Just before Mrs. Zhao was about to be executed, she cleverly cooperated with the rescue activities of the Predator Army and was released from prison on parole. The villagers who were connected by the Japanese invaders were also rescued together.
After being rescued, Mrs. Zhao took her elderly husband and her children to Beiping. With the help of the Northeast Salvation Congress, Zhao Hongwenguo began to contact the anti-Japanese righteous soldiers again, collect arms, and support the anti-Japanese movement of the young predatory army.
In December 1935, under the leadership of Zhao Hongwenguo and commander-in-chief Zhao Tong, the Predator Army rapidly developed to 11,000 warriors in the 11 fronts, and gradually developed from southern Liaoning to Liaodong and Rehe. The predatory army in southern Liaoning alone fought more than 300 wars with the enemy, killed more than 4,000 enemy in large and small battles, and more than 2,000 Japanese puppet military and police officers were captured by the young predatory army.
Zhao Tong also established the "Provisional Government of Southern Liaoning", and Zhao Dong was naturally elected president of the Provisional Government. The "Provisional Government of Southern Liaoning" is also known as China's First People's Anti-Japanese Self-Help Government. Many people joined the anti-Japanese organization under the call of Zhao Hongwenguo and Zhao Dong.
In the spring of 1940, Zhao Hongwenguo, as an anti-Japanese hero, was already famous, known to everyone, and even alarmed Chiang Kai-shek.
That year was the period of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and it was also the period of the national joint resistance against Japan.
Chiang Kai-shek attached great importance to Zhao Hongwenguo, and not only personally received her, but also personally wrote the words "Mother of Guerrillas" for her, and took a group photo with her. Dong Biwu, as the CPC representative in Chongqing at that time, also personally went to the scene to congratulate Zhao Hongwenguo on becoming the "mother of guerrillas."
In order to win over Zhao Hongwenguo, Chiang Kai-shek even made her a lieutenant general commander-in-chief. This mother of the guerrillas, who had not cared about personal interests and even sacrificed her life to resist Japan, was grateful to Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang for her "name" and "power."
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhao Hongwenguo led her troops back to the northeast region, where she was bribed by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang lieutenant generals, following the Kuomintang against the People's Liberation Army.
On November 25, 1949, on the eve of the liberation of Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek's son Chiang Ching-kuo repeated the same trick and continued to buy people's hearts, Chiang Ching-kuo personally held a letter of appointment and personally awarded Zhao Hongwenguo (commander of the Second Road Appeasement of the Southwest Counterattack Guerrillas), in addition, the Kuomintang also sent a large amount of ammunition to Mrs. Zhao, encouraging him to continue to be the enemy of the people and confront the Communists.
Therefore, Mrs. Zhao, who was carrying a letter of appointment, immediately took her confidants to the Western Sichuan Plain, where Chiang Kai-shek was ready to fight the final Metropolis Battle with the People's Liberation Army.
As a result, it became obvious that the Kuomintang reactionaries were already exhausted and either dead or wounded; Song Xilian was captured, and countless Kuomintang members surrendered to the people, but Zhao Hongwenguo did not heed the advice of the People's Liberation Army and instead sneaked to the area of Red and White Field in Sanhe Township, Shifang County, in an attempt to lurk again in an attempt to counterattack.
In February 1950, when bandits in western Sichuan rebelled, Zhao Hongwenguo felt that her opportunity had come, gathered more than 4,000 bandits, and marched to the county seat in an attempt to capture Shifang County, deceiving tens of thousands of people to join along the way. However, this ragtag group of nearly 20,000 people was defeated by the People's Liberation Army before it reached the county seat.
In the early morning of February 11, 1950, Zhao Hongwenguo brandished a double gun in his hand and took command again. The machine gun of the habitual bandit leader Wang Santai was aimed at the bandits, and in order to shirk the responsibility of fratricidal killing, Zhao Hongwenguo shot Wang Santai in public.
In mid-April, the remnants of Zhao Hongwenguo were annihilated by the People's Liberation Army, and Zhao Hongwenguo continued to abscond in disguise as a peasant woman, and was eventually captured by the People's Liberation Army.
Zhao Hongwenguo was once a "hero of the War of Resistance Against Japan" and had contacts with the leaders of both the Kuomintang and the Communists, and his contingent was once organized by Nie Rongzhen into the fifth detachment of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region.
However, Zhao Hongwenguo attacked the county seat of Shifang twice, killing more than 200 peasant activists and the masses, and the families of more than 200 people who were killed did not agree to spare her.
In the end, Zhao Hongwenguo was sentenced to death on July 16, 1950, and executed by firing squad.
Although chairman Mao was eventually executed to set an example for this legendary anti-Japanese hero with two guns in his waist, Chairman Mao still moved his compassion and personally gave instructions to release Zhao Hongwenguo's family and demanded that the PEOPLE's Liberation Army treat his family kindly.
Let's take a closer look at it again, female Meng won Cheng Lianzhen
Cheng Lianzhen, born in 1921, is a Native of the Buyi ethnic group in Chaopeng Village, Guangshun Town, Changshun County, Guizhou Province. Cheng Lianzhen has a beautiful face, delicate and white skin, and is tall and tall, and is a well-known local beauty.
Because of her beautiful appearance, Chen Zhengming, a rich and powerful local landlord, took a fancy to her and married her as a second room, so Cheng Lianzhen was also known as "Chen Dajie".
Cheng Lianzhen is clever and clever, and after marrying Chen Zhengming, she soon learned to ride a horse and learned to shoot a gun, which is very powerful. Soon after, Chen Zhengming fell ill and died, and in order to rob Chen Zhengming of a thousand acres of fertile land, some relatives of the Chen family gathered a group of people and actually besieged Cheng Lianzhen's residence in an attempt to eat the family.
Cheng Lianzhen only had one daughter, and the relatives of the Chen family bullied her as a widow and a woman, believing that she did not dare to resist. However, Cheng Lianzhen was a fierce man, and even held a double gun and led the Chen family's family to fight back together, and the besieging gangsters were repelled, and Cheng Lianzhen's defense battle played a mighty and also played the reputation of "two-gun woman".
In order to preserve her property, Cheng Lianzhen befriended the township chief Luo Shaoquan, who was originally a battalion commander of the Kuomintang Eighty-ninth Army, and the person who married Cheng Lianzhen was Luo Shaoquan's younger brother Luo Shaofan, and at the same time, Luo Shaoquan's entourage was Luo Shaoquan's entourage.
However, the Kuomintang reactionaries were soon defeated by the People's Liberation Army, Guiyang, Huishui County, and Changshun County were liberated one after another, Luo Shaoquan and others became one of the bandits, and Cheng Lianzhen also followed the Luo family's people and led the bandits to attack the north gate of the county town.
Undoubtedly, this group of bandits was quickly annihilated by the bandit troops, and the bandit leader Luo Shaoquan, Luo Shaofan, and Chen Dajie returned to the old nest with the remnants of the soldiers. The People's Liberation Army took advantage of the victory to pursue, step by step, and after many encirclements and suppressions, killed the bandit leader Luo Shaoquan, and Luo Shaofan and Cheng Lianzhen were also arrested (February 1953).
How to deal with Cheng Lianzhen and others? The provincial military district held a special meeting and decided to report it to the higher-level leaders for instructions.
As a result, the relevant situation was transferred from the provincial military region to the southwest military region, and finally, Li Da, chief of staff of the southwest military region, conveyed it to Chairman Mao Zedong.
Chairman Mao greatly appreciated Zhuge Liang's policy of handling ethnic relations during the Three Kingdoms period, and believed that by properly handling Cheng Lianzhen's issue, we could win the support of ethnic minorities. Chairman Mao Zedong finally gave instructions: You cannot kill.
Cheng Lianzhen was just an ordinary female bandit leader, whether it was to the War of Resistance Against Japan or the War of Liberation, she did not contribute anything, and for the motherland and the people, she was a person who had no merit, so why couldn't she be killed?
Chairman Mao believed that it was easy to kill a female bandit leader of a minority nationality, but it was a pity. He also said that Zhuge Liang, the military master of the Shu Kingdom, dared to capture meng yu of ethnic minorities, and that the People's Liberation Army had unified all of China and captured Cheng Lianzhen, the head of a female bandit of ethnic minorities, so why did he not dare to make eight captures and eight verticals? At the very least, it must be two captures and two verticals, giving others a chance to kill them as soon as they are caught, which is not conducive to uniting ethnic minorities.
As a result, Cheng Lianzhen, the "female Meng", was publicly released by the People's Liberation Army.
Cheng Lianzhen was highly conscious, a Junjie who knew the times, and knew how to repay Chairman Mao's kindness of not killing, and immediately after she was released, she immediately took the initiative to apply to participate in the county's anti-hegemonic work.
Under the appearance of the female Meng Yue Cheng Lianzhen face to face, the bandits hiding in the cave all believed that the Communist Party would implement a lenient policy towards them, after all, the bandit capital was released, not to mention the other bandits? Since resistance is a dead end, surrender can save lives, of course, it is the choice of surrender.
After more than a month of persuasion from Cheng Lianzhen, 22 bandits voluntarily surrendered. For the three bandit leaders Chen Laomao, Cen Zhengxue, and Chen Deng'an who refused to surrender, Cheng Lianzhen personally led his troops into the mountains to search and suppress them, killing them.
Later, after Chairman Mao's death, cheng Lianzhen, the head of the female bandits, specially set up a spiritual hall in her home, and she said:
Chairman Mao's kindness to her cannot be repaid in her lifetime.
For the different endings of these two female bandits, many people are interested, and there are many works that tell their legends. In August 1989, an article titled "Mao Zedong's Words Explaining Female Bandits" was published by the Buyi writer Wang Tingzhen in the magazine "Virgin Land", and in 2003, Wang Tingzhen published a documentary novel based on Cheng Lianzhen's experience, "The Legendary Experience of a Female Bandit Leader".
Two years later, "Wind and Rain Lotus Flower- The Legend of "Female Meng" Interpreted by Mao Zedong" was published by the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House, and Cheng Lianzhen's witness (vice chairman of the Guizhou CppcC) personally wrote the preface to it.
2008's "Female Bandit" and 2009's "Supreme Amnesty" are based on the true story of "Female Meng" Cheng Lianzhen.
The pardon of cheng lianzhen, who is also the head of the female bandits, and the shooting of Zhao Hongwenguo, form a sharp contrast, but the fates of the two are completely different, which is inseparable from their personal consciousness.
Whether they are taking into account the overall situation and firmly on the side of the people, or are they stubborn for the sake of private righteousness, making different choices and ending differently. Chairman Mao's two different decisions were also made from the perspective of the overall situation, taking into account not only the indignation of the people, but also the historical status quo, to win the greatest strength for the construction of new China, and also to demonstrate our party's tolerant policy.
Take this article to pay tribute to Chairman Mao Zedong!