#头条讲真的#
Among all Lao She's works, I like this "Under the Red Flag" the most - in fact, the "Zheng" of the Red Flag was first read in its entirety. However, since everyone is Xi to the pronunciation of "zheng", I still read it according to convention.
Lao She once had a big plan to write three novels. "Under the Red Flag" writes about his childhood and family history, from his birth to the signing of the "Xinchou Treaty". The latter two parts respectively write about the prostitutes in Beijing's Bada Hutongs and the relics of the Qing Dynasty, constituting a long scroll of the old culture. It's a pity that this novel was interrupted after only 80,000 words, and it became a masterpiece.
Writer Wang Shuo, according to Beijing dialect, is a "master who does not hesitate", that is, he scolds the Buddha and scolds the ancestors, and no one pays attention to it. There is a benefit to such a person that we can borrow from his acumen and not bear his vanity. His overall evaluation of Lao She is also quite harsh, but he admitted: "If "Under the Red Flag" could be written, the history of modern literature would not be so shabby."
So, what is this half of the novel that worries Lao She and even impresses Wang Shuo, who is "animal ferocious"?
What story does "Under the Red Flag" tell
"Under the Red Flag" was written from the birth of Lao She, in the first person. Lao She was born on February 3, 1899, on the 23rd day of the 24th lunar month of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. According to the words in the novel, "The Lord of the Stove went to the sky, but I fell to the ground".
Lao She's father was a guard guarding the capital and belonged to Zhenghongqi. The whole family relied on his monthly salary of three taels of silver and old rice in spring and autumn. Thanks to his mother's efforts, they were kept from becoming beggars.
In addition to his parents and sister, Lao She's family also lives with his widowed old aunt, who has a very big temper and style. My aunt lived in his house for nothing, received several court salaries, and had savings, which was much more comfortable than them.
My mother was forty years old when she was born, and she almost died of childbirth. Therefore, I am especially looking forward to the eldest daughter coming back and reuniting the family. But the eldest sister's mother-in-law's style and temper are not smaller than that of her aunt at all. All her talents were used to support her daughter-in-law, and she deliberately did not let her go home to see her newborn little brother.
The eldest sister's father-in-law is a military attache with four tops, but what she is best at seems to be just raising birds. The famous words of the eldest brother-in-law are "We flag people, nothing else, we have to talk about eating, drinking and having fun, the first in the world", I have never done serious things, and I can work hard with people for a pigeon. The two of them are competing to spend money, and the family is already in debt.
When Lao She was born, his father was on duty and did not come home, and no one presided over family affairs. It was Fuhai, the cousin of the uncle's family, who came out to relieve the siege. The uncle is a third-grade official, and Fuhai is a flag soldier, but he is still a painter. He was born short and concise, spoke and acted steadily and freely, was both beautiful and old, and was popular everywhere.
When Wuxu changed the law, it was said that the flag man had to be self-reliant, and the eldest brother-in-law admired Fuhai for two days. As soon as the tide of law change passed, I immediately didn't admire it again. You Fuhai came forward and gave Lao She a shabby, but also reasonable baby washing ceremony. The so-called baptism is that on the third day after the birth of the child, a bathing ceremony is held, and relatives and friends will come to congratulate the child.
Among the guests who came to congratulate, in addition to Manchu relatives and friends, there was also a Shandong native Lao Wang's shopkeeper who opened a butcher shop and sold cooked food. The shopkeeper Wang is a friend of the poor banner man, a businessman with old-fashioned rules. After Chinese New Year's Eve, relatives walk around each other to greet the New Year. My father learned that the eldest brother-in-law's family had even mortgaged the deed, and it was only after this fat year that he had passed.
At this time, Lao She's family came to a rich and noble uncle, because he also got a daughter in Layue, so he came to say goodbye. In the future, Lao She will be able to go to school and study, thanks to this uncle.
In the summer of this year, Shicheng, the son of the shopkeeper Wang, came to Beijing. Ten percent had participated in the Boxer Rebellion in Shandong, and the team was broken up by officers and soldiers, so he came here to hide for a few days. Although Fuhai was ridiculed by Shicheng, he admired his simplicity and boldness, and gave him the money to go back to his hometown.
After Shicheng left, the shopkeeper Wang was falsely accused by a banner man called Duo Boss. Duo Boss saw it: In these years, even the emperor is afraid of foreigners, so he sneaks into the Christian church to cheat two meals.
The church's pastor Niu is an uneducated American who only wants to make a fortune in China. He wanted to take the opportunity of making trouble in Beijing to stir up some trouble, so he decided to support Boss Duo and instigated him to falsely accuse the shopkeeper Wang.
Fuhai sympathized with the shopkeeper Wang and asked Uncle Ding for help on his behalf. Although Uncle Ding is not an official, he is rich and powerful. He considered himself an enlightened flag man and was cynical. Uncle Ding had no choice but to agree, thinking that as long as he called Pastor Niu to his house for a meal, he could solve the problem.
Pastor Niu admires the broad people and feels that this is a good opportunity to break into high society. The luxury of Dingjia really opened his eyes. On this day, Uncle Ding also invited two Hanlin Manchu and Han scholars, as well as a monk, which made Pastor Niu feel that it was an insult, and he felt that other religions were not worthy of being called religions. However, as soon as he heard that the meal was opened, his anger immediately disappeared......
What's so fascinating about this book
It's a pity that the novel is only written here. The story of "Under the Red Flag" is quite simple, its charm lies in Lao She's warm humor, his hidden writing skills, and his deep understanding of the world, all perfectly integrated in these 80,000 words. This is not only the peak of Chinese novels, but also a cliff that makes people sigh.
Observing the rhythm of his narrative, to write it all, it must be at least another 200,000 words or so. In the later plot, what is certain is that Lao She's father was killed when the Eight-Nation Coalition invaded Beijing, and he didn't even leave his body. I sometimes wonder how the humor at the beginning of the novel can be transformed into this kind of misery. There is sadness in the smile, which is also the Lao She we are familiar with.
The incomplete literary classics are a bit like jealousy and red-faced, which is both regrettable and can be pinned on reverie. Regarding the special charm of "Under the Red Flag", I will first talk about two more obvious ones:
First of all, this novel is Lao She's personal, and even the highest achievement of the language of Chinese novels. The older Lao She gets, the more mature and full the text becomes, and it is not easy to retract and release freely, and when the writer is old, the style tends to turn introverted and obscure.
More importantly, in this novel, Lao She has come up with the most basic and complete life experience, and the emotions are very abundant. The South African novelist Coetzee, one of the most prominent writers of our time, has this saying: "All autobiographies are storytelling, and all creation is a kind of autobiography." This means that in fiction, there is no distinction between fiction and personal experience.
One way to read a novel is to observe how the author buries himself in the story. A good writer may be able to hide himself in life, but he can't hide it in fiction. Especially when writing about childhood, those emotional undertones are exposed.
The influence of childhood experiences on novelists
From physical to psychological, childhood experiences are the foundation of human life.
Perception in childhood is naked, and what is initially received, whether it can be understood or remembered, will remain in the subconscious and become the background color of experience. This information will always affect his personality and emotional patterns, and it will involuntarily pop up when making life decisions. This stage of collection and archiving is most obvious before the age of six or seven.
After that, the personality will continue to develop on this basis. American psychologist Erikson established a set of theories of psychosocial development, which divides the formation of personality into eight stages, each of which has a corresponding task.
The first task in infancy is to build trust. When a baby cries or is hungry, the immediate presence of the parents will allow him to develop the character trait of daring to hope.
Lao She's father died in the war, and Lao She almost died under the bayonets of the Eight-Nation Alliance when he was a baby. His basic physiological needs, it is estimated that there is no response. It can be said that as soon as Lao She was born, there was a touch of bleak tragedy. As the saying goes, it's a miserable person. We will discuss his pessimistic personality in the sixth lecture on humor.
"Under the Red Flag" wrote that Lao She saw his father's waist card when he was a teenager, with the words "yellow face without beard" on it. This was the only thing he imagined about his father. Lao She is the best at portraying male psychology. However, whenever it comes to depicting the relationship between father and son, it seems a little weak. You should have guessed the specific reason, right?
In addition, many researchers have found that Lao She is always avoiding romantic love themes. We can try to solve the case: this is the personality task of the person at the age of 6-12, at this stage, the person will develop a sense of control over life, otherwise, the formation of an inferiority complex.
The prototype of Uncle Ding in the novel is called Liu Shoumian, who is a well-known wealthy man in Beijing. Lao She said, "He will never treat me as a bitter child and treat me coldly."
But there is one thing that is likely to form Lao She's inferiority complex: he fell in love with Liu Shoumian's daughter, that is, the baby girl mentioned in the novel who was the same year and month as him. With such a huge difference in family background, of course Lao She didn't dare to think about it when he was a teenager.
Liu Shoumian was extremely generous and profligate, and he scattered all his family wealth. In the end, he was destitute, and the whole family became a monk. He later became a famous monk in Beijing, Master Zongyue. Such people, as well as Jia Baoyu, are easy to become monks. You see, the desires that plague us are never a problem for them, and when we pursue small goals, they have discovered that material desires do not solve life's problems.
His daughter also became a nun with her. This incident left Lao She, a young man with particularly strong self-esteem and inferiority, a lifelong wound.
This lecture is summarized
In this lecture, we mainly talked about the outline of "Under the Red Flag". We talked about Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which states that at every stage of life, a person completes a personality choice, and childhood is particularly important. Novelists are especially noticeable.
Discussion Question: Since early memory is so important, what do you think is the most common mistake that parents make in family education?