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Lin Baishui
Lin Baishui (January 17, 1874 – August 6, 1926) was an Ethnic Han Chinese from Qingpu Village, Qingkou Town, Minhou County, Fujian Province. The original name was 獬, the word Shaoquan, and later changed its name to Wanli. In his lifetime, he had more than 20 pen names, including "YiFan", "YiFanzi", "Retired Scholar", "Vernacular Daoist", "Baishui" and so on. The name of the study is "Raw Spring Red Room". Graduated from Waseda University in Japan, majoring in law and politics, and also majoring in journalism. During the Republic of China period, he was a famous Newspaperman and Journalist in China. In 1985, he was posthumously recognized as a martyr by the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
"The Dou Turning Star moved over the nineties, and the Qingming Sacrifice burmese people." The pen is sharp and the greedy officials, and the vernacular is clearly close to the grass people. The pioneers of the press have left a model, and the civilian defenders have made new achievements. He has no regrets, spills blood but seeks the truth. ”
This is April 3 this year, in the government auditorium of Qingkou Town, Minhou County, the poets of the Minhou County Bailiufeng Poetry Society gathered together and sang their own poems in Fuzhou dialect to commemorate the martyr Lin Baishui.
Who is Lin Baishui?
In 1926, the Chinese press fell into great grief, losing Shao Piaoping and Lin Baishui, two "generals" who "criticized the current politics and reformed the society", who were shot and killed for no more than 100 days and died in the same place. Their brutal killing for "telling the truth and not telling lies" has become the most tragic scene in the history of Chinese journalism. After the success of the Northern Expedition in 1928, a grand memorial service was held for Shao Piaoping and Lin Baishui, and one of the paintings wrote: "Martyrdom with the body, the same as Piaoping's death; sacrifice for the country, a thousand autumns and white water articles." The spirit of two famous newspapermen who used their lives to run around for the rights and interests of the people is remembered by the world.
Lin Baishui was a famous social activist, enlightenment educator and journalist during the Period of China's Democratic Revolution. He famously said that future generations of journalism students should follow the principle: Journalists should speak human words, not ghost words; they should tell the truth and not tell lies.
What kind of person Lin Baishui really is, why he embarked on the road of journalism, and how his outspoken personality was cultivated, due to the dust of history, with the help of his daughter Lin Weijun's "My Father Lin Baishui" supplemented by other materials, a glimpse of one or two.
Lin Baishui's "Alarm Bell Daily".
If you want to understand a person, you must enter his growth environment, because this has a great impact on the cultivation of a person's personality.
Lin Baishui is the best at current political commentary, the style of writing is characterized by spicy, sharp, spare no room, often use the most explicit words, the most sarcastic tone, needles and times.
Lin Baishui's real name is Lin Badger, "Badger" is a legendary unicorn beast, can distinguish between curves and straights, see people fighting, will rush up and use horns to top the evil people. I don't know if it was providence or not, but his uneven and vicious personality was like a "badger" and attacked everywhere in the Republic of China newspaper.
On the 29th day of the 11th lunar month in 1874, Lin Baishui was born in a poor family. His father was overbearing, but he had a greedy and idle temperament, and did not go to work until he had to. However, the father is also very strict, and the child will be beaten if he makes a small mistake.
Lin Baishui's mother, on the contrary, is a very capable wife and mother. She is a lady from the Shuxiang Mendi, who believes that it is her duty to be three from four virtues, does not dare to care about her husband's affairs, and never argues with her husband. Every time she saw her child being punished, her mother often couldn't stop crying. In the face of poverty at home, he silently carried it up, making money by doing embroidery with his own hands and subsidizing his family.
It can be said that in the process of Lin Baishui's childhood growth, his father injected the heat of fire into his life, and his mother injected water-like warmth into his personality.
Lin Baishui has a younger sister, two years younger than him. One night, when my father went out to a banquet, Lin Baishui and his sister secretly wrote and painted on their father's desk. Who knows, suddenly, my sister knocked a vase on the table to the ground and shattered it. My sister panicked and cried in fright. Who knew that Lin Baishui calmly told his sister that it didn't matter, he had a way to make his father not punish.
At that time, Lin Baishui was only 9 years old. Before going to bed, he also told his sister that even his mother could not mention it. The sister thought that her brother had the ability and went to sleep first. Who knows, Lin Baishui's method is to wait for his father to return in the middle of the night, admit that the vase was broken by himself, and the responsibility is all taken on him. The consequences can be imagined: Lin Baishui was severely punished by his father. The next day, when the sister knew the truth and said that she wanted to confess her mistake to her father, Lin Baishui stopped her sister again and said, "I have already been beaten, why do you have to go to find the beating again?" If you get beaten, it won't do me any good, so why should both of you be punished? ”
Lin Baishui's "Social Daily".
Due to his family's poverty, Lin Baishui's reading was completely taught by his mother. From an early age, he showed outstanding intelligence and never forgot to read. By the time he was 14 years old, he had read all the thirteen sutras.
The mother did not want to live up to her son's talent, so she sent him to her mother's house to study, because her mother's family had a private school teacher. It was what he saw and heard at Mr. Private School that changed Lin Baishui's fate: it was there that he first learned about the new school and the "newspaper".
When he came to his uncle's house, Lin Baishui and his two cousins studied under the famous scribe Gao Xiaotong at that time. Lin Baishui has been good at independent thinking since he was a child and often has his own views. For example, for the private school system, he felt that the private school system was not very good. He felt: First, the children of people without money could not study; second, even if they had money and could afford private schools, if the teachers were not good, the students would suffer a lot.
Although he did not like private school, he had great respect for the teacher, and every day after class, after his cousins went back to his room to review their homework, he still stayed in the study, writing while talking to his husband. Sometimes when a friend comes to visit, the teacher pours tea and some cigarettes for the guests, paying attention to their conversation while serving.
Listening to the teacher and his friends talk, he learned that Japan, China's neighbor, has a new school, and poor children can also go to school. He also heard that japan also has the magic of "newspapers", from which everyone can know about world events and national events.
Since then, two seeds have been silently planted in his heart: one is to create a new school so that poor children can enjoy equal access to schooling; the other is to start a newspaper.
When Lin Baishui was eighteen or nineteen years old, he had already become a famous scholar in Minzhong because of his poetry and calligraphy. Some friends persuaded him to participate in the Keju Bo Meritorious Name, but he disdained to be a corrupt and incompetent official of the Qing government. He held that the defeat of the Opium War and the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing opened Fuzhou into a commercial port were a great shame for Fuzhou and the whole country.
Next, the trajectory of his life changed rapidly because he did not participate in the scientific expedition. At the age of 19, Lin Baishui was introduced by his mentor Gao Xiaotong and came to the home of Lin Boying in Shimenzhi County as a private school teacher, lecturing on new literature. Here he met Lin Shu, who spoke about old literature.
After only a year as a private school teacher, Lin Baishui received bad news: his uncle was martyred in the Battle of Jiawu. Since his uncle's children were still young, he was only 20 years old and presided over his uncle's funeral. This incident made him see the true face of the Qing Dynasty and decided: revolution, overthrow the corrupt and incompetent Qing government.
Lin Baishui's "China Vernacular Newspaper".
After having a clear dream in his heart, Lin Baishui, a "unicorn" who was just and righteous and jealous and hateful, began to take a pen as a "weapon", run a school, run a newspaper, and support justice in his own way.
After his uncle's funeral, because he was young and promising, Lin Baishui was hired in Hangzhou by Lin Dichen, the open-minded prefect at that time, and together with Gao Mengdan and Lin Shu, he served as a staff member of the family. Here he realized that the first meaning of saving the country is education, and education must first arouse the people's attention to the major affairs of the country, and then we can talk about revolution.
During the winter vacation of 1902, Lin Baishui returned to Fuzhou, consulted with his cousins and founded Fuzhou's first new-style school, Fuzhou Mengxuetang. He was responsible for raising all the school's expenses. The school's address is in the former Lucuo Ancestral Hall at No. 16 Wenrufang, sitting south and facing north, with a total of three courtyards, divided into two parts: middle school and primary school, and there is military training in the discipline for the japanese revolution in the future.
When Lin Baishui was in Fuzhou, he instilled a large number of patriotic ideas and revolutionary consciousness in his students every day. One or twenty of the students later became the Seventy-two Martyrs of Huanghuagang, including Fang Shengdong and Huang Guangbi. He also took advantage of the opportunity of his practice at Yangzheng Shushu and Qiushi Academy in Hangzhou to propagate revolutionary ideas.
In June 1901, Lin Baishui officially became the chief writer of the newly founded Hangzhou Vernacular Newspaper and officially began his career as a newspaperman. In 1903, he founded the "Russian Police News"; in 1903, he ran the "China Vernacular Newspaper". After that, he began to use pen names such as "Yifan" and "Yifanzi", and worked hard to write books and needles.
There is an incident that must be mentioned.
"Today's Lucky West Garden, tomorrow's Lucky Yihe, when will it be lucky to be in the Yuanmingyuan, four hundred trillion bone marrows are all withered, and only one person is lucky?" Fifty lost Ryukyu, sixty lost the Taiwan Strait, seventy lost the three eastern provinces, fifty thousand miles of territory, every long life will be boundless! ”
This is a couplet published by Lin Baishui in the Alarm Bell Daily at the end of 1904. It turned out that the Qing court at that time disregarded internal and external troubles and celebrated Cixi's 70th birthday in a big way, and Lin Baishui wrote this couplet in anger.
The ligature was spicy, the sentences were bloody, and the shooting case was amazing, which not only made the Qing court grit its teeth, but also let the world appreciate his talent, and many newspapers and periodicals in other provinces reprinted it.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Lin Baishui was once out of the army for only three years. And it was this experience that made him once attract criticism. In this regard, his daughter Lin Weijun wrote in her book "My Father Lin Baishui": "If they knew that their father had driven away Peng Shousong in order to eliminate harm for his hometown, indirectly saved many lives, and rescued more than a dozen innocent townspeople from prison and avoided death, they probably would not have been harsh on their father." How can we not believe that he sacrificed himself to save others? ”
Soon, he was disappointed in the political arena and was even more determined to do his old job: news. In the spring of 1913, he entered Beijing as the chief writer of the "New China Daily", and successively founded the "Gongyan Bao", "Pinghe Daily" and "New Social Daily".
At this time, the purpose of running the newspaper, Lin Baishui is very clear. His daughter Lin Weijun wrote in her book "My Father Lin Baishui": "My father ran a newspaper for two purposes: One was to attack warlords, corrupt officials, and profiteers, so that their evil purposes could not be successful. One is to represent the people, suggest that the government do what is beneficial to the people, and make a complaint on behalf of the small people. ”
In the "Gazette" alone, Lin Baishui "stabbed" through many amazing black scenes. In 1918, he published a commentary entitled "Qingshan Long Seven Min Road", which caused a huge sensation in Beijing. He wrote: "I still remember the turn of the five and six years of the Republic of China, and among the cabinet members of the central government, there are those who have heard of corruption and fraud. That is, Finance Minister Chen Jintao (Lan Sheng) and Communications Chief Xu Shiying are also. The article went straight to the point of the case of traffic chief Xu Shiying and others who were corrupt and fraudulent.
It is worth mentioning that it was also at this time that he began to publish his speeches and communicate under the pseudonym "Whitewater". His character "Shaoquan", "Quan" is "white water" at the beginning of the body, which shows that he has long put life and death aside.
I don't want to be a slur. On August 5, 1926, Lin Baishui published a commentary in the Social Daily entitled "The Luck of bureaucrats", which became the last article of his life.
He wrote: "Dogs have dog luck, pigs have pig luck, and supervisors also have supervision and handling transportation, but if your luck has not arrived, I am not afraid that you will have a big head, and it will be difficult to achieve your wishes." A certain monarch is called the 'kidney sac' of a certain warlord, because it is tied to the crotch of a warlord all day long, and it is also the same, not far from the dial, similar to the burden of the kidney sac, hanging around the waist all the time. This prince is enthusiastic about being an official and is eager to scrape the land, because he has a reputation, and this time he can neither get the advantages and disadvantages (finance) chief, nor can he get the best and the shortest superintendent?"
In the text, he changed Zhang's military master Pan Fu's "think tank" into a "kidney sac" and alluded to Zhang Zongchang's nickname of "long legs" because he was good at escaping. As soon as this article came out, everyone in the world clapped their hands. But he also "caused trouble".
Zhang Zongchang and others had long been dissatisfied with Lin Baishui's previous satire of him as a "dog meat general" for the fish and meat people, coupled with Pan Fu's anger after seeing the article, he took the newspaper to the front to "complain", Zhang ordered at 1:00 a.m. on August 6 that Wang Qi, commander of the Gyeonggi Gendarmerie, should arrest Lin Baishui. Wang Qi escorted Lin Baishui to the Tianqiao execution ground overnight and shot him without interrogation on the charge of "collaborating with the enemy with evidence."
Before his arrest, Lin Baishui had written a will, and at the last moment of his life, he wrote: "I am desperate in an instant, and I can't talk about family affairs for a while, so I have to listen to it!" The beloved daughter should study well, and in the future, she must be extra cautious when choosing a son-in-law; she can know that Lu Er will go home and take care of it. Kobayashi, Baoyu and Qi. For all the difficult things, please ask the friends of Gu Sun, Huai Sheng, Lu Ge, and Qiu Yue to help. I don't do bad things in my life, and God should bless my family. ”
The press commented: "Selfless and selfless, outspoken, white water alone." Judging from the commentary of the times, no matter what warlords, any politicians, or any people, there are good and bad things, they must not be driven by bad hearts, they are vigorously vigilant, and they are extremely clever, and they are like gods"; "When they come by hand, they have become wonderful truths, and they are found in the newspapers, and every time they originate in the flies and bed bugs, but in the political situation, the needles are pointed to the blood, and there is nothing to hide"; "The words are solemn and righteous, the Taoists dare not speak, and the words are not dared to speak"; "The dirty officials are cold-hearted, and the corrupt officials cut their teeth"; "For the general evil bureaucrats, drink with a stick; for the average new youth, the needle is painfully pinned".
Deng Tuo (an outstanding contemporary journalist) once commented: "In any case, in the end, it was concluded that after all, he was killed for rebelling against feudal warlords and bureaucrats. ”“...... We should suggest that when compiling the history of modern Chinese newspapers and periodicals, it should be properly evaluated. ”
Rong Geng (paleographer) once commented: "Treat the powerful and contemptuous as well." The daily newspaper he runs attacks the warlords and is sharp as the drum of Laoyuyang. ...... His lineage is roughly the same as that of You Zhengping.".
Representative works include: "Salt Field", "Gulangyu Island", "Lao Tzu Out of customs", "Soldier Car Line", "Burning Chibi", "Banna Style" and so on. The lacquer painting "Spring and Autumn on the Rock" won the first prize of the 10th "Ruyi Cup" Award for Arts and Crafts, and the large-scale lacquer painting triptych "Minnan Renjia" created by Chen Mingguang won the first prize cup of the "Zhengyan Cup" in Fujian Province. Works such as "Nine Songs, Mountain Ghosts" and "Burning Chibi" are included in the "Complete Collection of Chinese Modern Art and Lacquer Paintings".
His main articles include "The Opinion of the People", "On the Education of Assassins", "The Luck of the Bureaucracy" and so on. His translations include "History of Meiji Education in Japan", "Nelson", "Bismarck", "Washington", "Garibal", "Big Peter", "Columbus" and so on.
Past reading
Focus on the culture of Mindu and explore the spiritual power of Fujian culture