"Is there a kind of prince and general Xiangning?" Chen Sheng's words opened the curtain of peasant uprisings in the history of the mainland.
Before Chen Sheng, the peasants were at the bottom of society, and the change of dynasty was a matter for the aristocracy. After Chen Sheng, when each dynasty came to an end, there would be heroes from all walks of life who would raise the banner of rebellion, overthrow the old dynasty, and establish a new dynasty.
Someone commented on Zhu Yuanzhang: In the history of 2,000 years, the most righteous people in the country are the Han and Ming.
Without relying on family background and inheritance, why can Zhu Yuanzhang sit on the throne of the emperor?
In the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, politics was highly corrupt. A large amount of land was concentrated in the hands of the Mongol aristocracy, and the Han Chinese could only work as tenants and lease the land of the nobles.
All kinds of harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes were pressed on the heads of the Han people, and these provided for the Mongolian nobles who were looking for pleasure. In addition, natural disasters continue to occur, and national and class contradictions are becoming increasingly acute.
Zhu Chongba was born in such a society.
When Zhu Chong was eight years old, his father and mother worked for the landlord, and he herded cattle for the landlord. The family worked hard all day, and they couldn't even eat a full meal.
One day, Zhu Chongba fell asleep while herding cattle, and when he woke up, the cow was lost. The landlord beat Zhu Chongba severely and drove the family out.
Zhu Chongba is the fourth in the family, and there are three brothers above. learned that it was Zhu Chongba's fault, and his parents scolded him. The father gathered the whole family together for a brief meeting.
"If this continues, we will all starve to death, so let's disperse and find another way out. Father Zhu made the final decision, and Zhu Chongba's brothers packed up their things and turned to leave.
Zhu Chongba is also leaving, but he doesn't know where to go. Hearing that the temple is in charge of eating and drinking, Zhu Chongba decided to shave his ordination.
It's better to live than to starve to death, this is a sentence that Zhu Chongba often said after becoming a monk. In the troubled times, the life of the temple was not easy, not to mention the old abbot's kindness and took in many homeless orphans.
There are too many people, and the temple obviously can't be supplied. Originally, the temple had a small vegetable patch, although there was not much incense, but it was barely enough for food and clothing. Now the temple can't afford to support so many monks, so the old abbot gave each of them a bowl and let them go to Yunyou.
Buddhism is pure and can't fight against natural and man-made disasters, and 17-year-old Zhu Chongba left the temple. For three years, he wandered and begged, seeing all the social suffering.
Under the disaster, the poor people sold their sons and daughters, and the rich and noble families drank wine and meat forests.
Zhu Chongba suddenly had an idea, why do we have to live a life of hunger?
Zhu Chongba had never read a book, and what he didn't know was that a thousand years ago, there was a person named Chen Sheng who had the same idea as him.
There were many people who could not stand the exploitation of the Yuan Dynasty, and the peasants had no choice but to take risks and rebel. Some people raise anti-flags, and some people occupy the mountains as kings. The largest uprising was the "White Lotus Sect" and the "Red Turban Army".
Zhu Chongba's childhood partner Tang He was in the "Red Turban Army", so he sent a message to Zhu Chongba, asking him to also join the Red Turban Army.
After Zhu Chongba joined the army, because of his hardships and hard work, shrewdness and ability, Guo Zixing, the leader of the rebel army, appreciated him very much. When fighting, Zhu Chongba always took the lead, so he was promoted quickly.
Guo Zixing has an adopted daughter, surnamed Ma, who is the daughter of his friend. After the death of his friend, Guo Zixing adopted Miss Ma. Under Guo Zixing's media, Zhu Chongba got married.
After getting married, Zhu Chongba, the people in the barracks called him Zhu Gongzi. He simply changed his name - Zhu Yuanzhang.
Zhu Yuanzhang is very appreciated by Guo Zixing, and he himself has a strong leadership talent. There was a split within the rebel army, the leaders were at odds, and Guo Zixing was seriously injured by his opponents.
It was Zhu Yuanzhang who led people to rescue him regardless of the danger.
Seeing that the rebel army began to fight for power and profit, Zhu Yuanzhang began to doubt his original intention. He complained to his wife in distress: "It's obvious that you can't survive to rebel, but now you haven't succeeded, why is it the same as the court." ”
"Because power is charming, how can a person who has tasted power easily let go?" Ma comforted him softly, "You just need to remember your original intention." ”
Under Ma's persuasion, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to go it alone. When he returned to the village where he grew up, others heard that Zhu Yuanzhang had joined the rebel army and came to join him. Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang pulled up his own team.
"Build high walls, accumulate grain, and slow to become king. This was Zhu Yuanzhang's central strategy before he became emperor. He vigorously developed people's livelihood, recuperated and restored the population.
He also established strict military discipline that forbade the army from harassing the people and plundering women. After a series of measures, Zhu Yuanzhang quickly won the hearts of the people.
After eliminating Zhang Shicheng and unifying Jiangnan, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the time had come to become emperor. In 1868, Zhu Yuanzhang was proclaimed emperor in Nanjing, and the country name was Daming.
After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he made all the generals under him princes. At this time, the north was still under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da as the main general and Chang Yuchun as the deputy general, leading an army of 250,000 to the Northern Expedition.
"Expelle Hu Lu and restore China. In August of the first year of Hongwu, the Ming army approached the capital of Yuan, and Emperor Shun fled in a hurry. Mongol rule in the Central Plains ended, and the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun were recovered.
Since the Later Jin Dynasty, the sixteen states of Yanyun fell into the hands of the Khitan, and since then they have been occupied by nomads. The recovery of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun changed the passive situation of the Han military regime and re-established a barrier against the invasion of the northern nomads.
During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to the east and west, and repeatedly expanded the territory of the Ming Dynasty. At home, Zhu Yuanzhang rewarded land reclamation, water conservancy, and vigorously developed agriculture.
Because of the disasters he experienced at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang understood that land could not be in the hands of just a few people.
In order to prevent land concentration, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the suppression of the rich peasants and the powerful people, reducing taxes, and checking the population. Corrupt officials and corrupt officials were severely punished, and the entire social atmosphere was suppressed.
Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously restored the people's livelihood in the people, but implemented high-pressure policies in the court.
According to historical records, more than 30,000 people were implicated in the "Hu Weiyong case" alone.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang reopened the imperial examination, the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty paid more attention to form. The articles are limited to the Four Books and the Five Classics, and the style uses the Bagu Wen, which greatly restricts people's thoughts.
In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang imprisoned Lan Yu on the charge of rebellion. The "Blue Jade Case" implicated 25,000 people, and after two major cases, the heroes of the early Ming Dynasty were basically killed.
In the 15th year of Hongwu, Queen Ma died. Queen Ma is the person who has been with Zhu Yuanzhang the longest, and has given him a lot of help and saved his life. The death of his wife hit Zhu Yuanzhang very hard.
In the 24th year of Hongwu, the crown prince Zhu Biao contracted an illness and died the following year. Zhu Yuanzhang, who is nearly 70 years old, was grief-stricken and his health deteriorated.
After Zhu Biao's death, Zhu Yuanzhang often took Zhu Yunwen to recall his youth.
"Your father was obedient when he was a child, and I fought all the year round, and he stayed at home with your grandmother and disciplined his younger siblings. He's my favorite heir, so why did he leave first?"
Speaking of sadness, Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't help but cry. He fought all his life, carrying sins on his back, but in the end he took revenge on his son.
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, died. He passed away with endless thoughts, leaving the young Zhu Yunwen to inherit the throne.
In the fourth year of Jianwen, because he was cut by Zhu Yunwen, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, raised troops and was martyred, and Zhu Yunwen's whereabouts have been unknown since then.
During the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang, the centralization of power was highly strengthened, so that the power of the Ming Dynasty was concentrated in the hands of the emperor. He also abolished the prime minister and set up a hundred officials to supervise the Jinyi Wei and the East and West Factories.
The establishment of the East Factory made the power of the eunuchs reach its peak, and laid the foundation for the eunuchs' chaotic government in the future.
"I am the right cloth cloth, how can the world be in me?" The wheel of history rolls forward, and the merits of the predecessors are left to the commentary of the history books. More than 100 years later, the Ming Dynasty also fell because of a peasant uprising.