Text/Editor: Xia Youfeng
As poets of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Feng Yansi and Li Yu's lyrics are tragic to a certain extent.
The tragic color of Feng Yansi's lyrics is mostly created by the artistic techniques of comparison and sustenance, and the overall artistic atmosphere is hazy and melancholy, mixed with joy and sorrow, and hovering and depressed. Li Yu's words are mostly straightforward and convey readers' true feelings.
Today, the author will briefly discuss the actual causes of the tragic colors of the two, the similarities and differences between specific artistic techniques, the similarities and differences in the use of imagery, and the similarities and differences in artistic effects.
1. Life experience and tragedy
In terms of personal temperament, Feng Yansi and Li Yu both have a kind of poet's sensitivity.
This sensitivity allows the duo to capture the typical natural scenes and scenes of life around them.
This sensitivity to the outside world and their own emotions is inseparable from the formation of the tragic color of the two people's lyrics.
The difference in specific identities and life experiences also makes the two have different tragic art styles.
As a courtier, Feng Yansi has a bumpy career, with three ups and downs, so his poetry style is "Yi Yu trance, sad and joyful".
As a courtier, his pain cannot be directly spoken, so the tragic color of his lyrics is hidden under the hazy melancholy style, which is an elusive pain.
Li Yu is a king who was "born in the deep palace and grew up in the hands of a woman", and his natural living environment made him have a kind of innocence. This innocence is embodied in the style of poetry, which is Li Yu's unique "truth".
After Li Yu experienced the collapse of the country and the death of the family, the contrast between "heaven and earth" made him think deeply about the most authentic sorrow in the world, so his lyrics can transcend the limitations of personal experience and reflect the universal tragedy of life, which is a broad realm that Feng Yansi does not have.
The turbulent background of the times is also an important background for the formation of this tragic color, but due to the different identities and specific experiences of the two people, the tragic color of the times is reflected differently in the lyrics of the two people.
Feng Yansi faced the stormy situation, and had a worried and melancholy mood, but as a courtier, his ability was limited, and it was not enough to recover the decline.
This contradictory anxiety is embodied in the poem, forming a hidden loneliness and melancholy in the hazy artistic conception.
As the king of the fallen country, Li Yu's defeat of the country's ruin and family is irreparable, so his tragic expression is clear and direct, and his grief and indignation pour out like surging spring water.
The author uses Feng Yansi's "Magpie Treading Branches, Who Walks Idle and Throws for a Long Time" and Li Yu's "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon" for specific analysis.
In the sentence "The independent bridge is full of wind, and the people of Pinglin Crescent are returned" in "Magpie Treading Branches, Who Throws Idle Love for a Long Time", Feng Yansi used "wind" and "Pinglin Crescent" to melt into the scenery and write his melancholy and loneliness profoundly.
Ye Jiaying commented on this sentence and said: Under the invasion of such a lonely and unconcealed cold, his mood can be imagined, not to mention the words 'Pinglin Crescent People Return'.
When Feng Yansi faced the political situation, the tragic color caused by the loneliness of being alone in the midst of "independence" can be fully reflected.
In "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon in Poppy Beauty", "the carved fence and jade masonry should still be there, but Zhu Yan has changed." Ask how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward".
Li Yu highlights the changes and impermanence of life by contrasting the past and the present, and then uses a question to elicit a constant melancholy like an ocean.
Li Yu boldly and directly expressed the "hatred of the country" with a pure heart, and compared the sorrow of life to spring water, which hit people's hearts and had a shocking tragic color.
2. Similarities and differences in construction methods
In terms of artistic approach, there are both similarities and differences between the two.
The similarity lies in the fact that both Li Yu and Feng Yansi's words use the artistic technique of "contrast" to stand out
For example: "The silver screen dream is far away from the flying curtain, and there is only the bead curtain roll." ("Poppy Beauty, Spring Mountain Breeze Horizontal Autumn Water" Feng Yansi), and "The most hasty day is the day of resignation from the temple, the church still plays a parting song, and tears to the palace E" ("Breaking the Array: Forty Years of Family and Country" Li Yu).
Both contrast reality with memories to set the stage for the narrative that follows, highlighting the tragic overtones of the poems.
The difference lies in the fact that Feng Yansi's lyrics mostly use the artistic technique of sustenance, using rich imagery to arouse the reader's association, and achieve the realm of scene blending and integration.
For example: "The willows on the green embankment on the riverside, in order to ask what is the new sorrow every year? "And tears try strict makeup, falling plum Feixiao cream. ”
The author does not directly express his feelings, but uses rich imagery, such as "crescent moon", "falling plum" and "wind", to construct a vague and hazy artistic conception to express his emotions.
And Li Yu's lyrics are mostly straightforward, directly expressing the emotion of life, and being frank and unrestrained. For example: "The world flows with water, and it is a dream." ”
In terms of the use of imagery, the imagery groups often used by the two overlap partially, but there are also subtle differences in the overlapping parts.
The difference between the two in the use of the "Flower Moon and Spring Breeze" image group is that Feng Yansi uses these images to construct an artistic conception, allowing readers to indirectly associate the thoughts and emotions to be expressed in the artistic conception.
Li Yu, on the other hand, directly connects these images with his own experience, directly expressing his thoughts and emotions to the reader.
In terms of the main body of tragic emotional expression, Feng Yansi mostly uses spokesperson to express emotions, and Li Yu uses the first person to express emotions directly.
For example, in "Magpie Treading Branches, Six Songs and Trunking Green Trees", Feng Yansi pins his sorrow on a woman's body, and the elusive sorrow in the bright spring is intriguing.
In "Qingping Le, Don't Come to the Spring and a Half", Li Yu observed from his own perspective and directly expressed his sorrow.
3. Comparative analysis of artistic effects
Feng Yansi's poems can be summarized as "Yi Yu trance, deep beauty and Hongyu".
"Yi Yu trance" refers to the fact that Feng Yansi's poems often construct a vague and hazy artistic conception, and the emotions expressed are often unpredictable melancholy.
"Deep beauty and beauty" refers to the depth and beauty of Feng Yansi's poems, and he writes his feelings about his family and country into his poems in beautiful language, extending the beauty and realm of his poems.
For example, in Bodhisattva Man, Pillow Hairpin and Horizontal Phoenix, Feng Yansi depicts a beautiful young woman on paper, and uses a series of scenes (red candles, green screens) to render melancholy and wrap the figure.
The author uses virtual images to stretch the space away, leaving room for the reader's full imagination, and this young woman sits alone in front of the mirror, with a sense of sorrow, and tears against the plum and the frost, and puts herself on makeup rigorously.
The artistic conception of the word is hazy and beautiful, and the experience of the lyricist makes the emotions expressed in the word not cliché, but rich in the unique characteristics of the lyricist.
"Trying to make up with tears" is a kind of sorrow that you know you can't do, and it is closely related to the political experience of the lyricist.
Li Yu's lyrics can be described as "sincere and moving, bright and upright".
Most of his lyrics are based on his own real life experience, boldly and directly expressing the feelings of life, with strong tragic colors, which directly hit the hearts of readers.
Therefore, the biggest feature of Li Yu's lyrics is "truth", which is the truth of the scenery and the truth of temperament.
However, Li Yu's lyrical approach is not just a direct and singular lyricism, and his poems also use various techniques to better express this real sadness, so that the poems can be ups and downs, and better draw the reader into the situation.
For example, "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon in Poppy", the beginning of this poem is a question that breaks through the air, directly and clearly points out the sorrow of the lyricist from the past, and cuts through time and space like an arrow and hits the reader's heart.
The author draws events and space away, and thinks of his long-lost homeland through the east wind of Xiaolou, which makes the poet unbearable to look back and can't bear to look at it directly.
The poet points out the reason for this pathos - the palace tower may still be in its original place, but the people who were there are gone.
Eventually, the poet uttered a lament, comparing the sorrow with the surging river, and the sorrow poured out to the reader like this river.
The word directly expresses the author's true heart, with strong and sincere emotions and ups and downs.
What the author sees and writes are real scenes and events, and uses the contrast between the present and the past to connect the past and the present, so that the poems have a delicate feeling in the direct lyricism.
Combined with the above analysis, it can be seen that the artistic techniques and artistic effects of the lyrics of these two poets have their own merits, but they both reflect the sorrow and pathos in life, and are full of tragedy.
However, combined with the life experiences of the two and the content of the lyrics, the content of the tragedies of the two is still very different, and the degree of shock that the lyrics of the two bring to the reader's soul cannot be generalized.
summary
Feng Yansi's sorrow is a kind of scholar's sorrow, and his sorrow is individual.
This kind of sorrow is hidden under the hazy artistic conception of the poem, which is gratuitous and unreasonable, and it is difficult to trace, and can only be speculated in combination with Feng Yansi's life experience.
Although Li Yu's sorrow is also written about an individual's life experience, Li Yu has raised this experience to the level of all mankind and turned it into a philosophical sentence.
This kind of tragedy is a universal tragedy in life, and it is the sorrow of all mankind since ancient times.
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