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●—≺ Previous ≻—●
Approaching the Spring Festival, because of the limited load capacity of the "Spring Festival", how to go home for people who work outside has become a problem for many people.
But what many people don't know is that the "Spring Festival" is not a product of modern development, and in ancient times, there was also a Spring Festival! It is no less difficult than in modern times.
Without trains, planes, and private cars, what was the Spring Festival transportation all about in ancient times?
What did the ancients rely on to get home?
●—≺ The Ancient People's Difficult Way Home ≻—●
Regarding the history of the "Spring Festival", it definitely goes back a long time.
The premise of the Spring Festival is the New Year, and the Chinese like the Xi of the New Year, and they also have to talk about a legend from a long time ago.
Legend has it that every winter, a monster called Nian appears in the village, and it will always suddenly appear on the last day of the year to bully the common people.
In order to drive away the Nian Beast, people can only gather together on this day, and use the method of large numbers of people to play a deterrent effect.
Over time, the Nian Beast no longer bullied the people, but on the last day of the year, everyone was still Xi to get together, so there was the Spring Festival.
But you know what? "Chinese New Year" wasn't called that at first, it was called many other names.
Historically, the name of the year has evolved in ancient times.
For example, the Xia Dynasty was called Sui, in the Shang Dynasty, it was called the sacrificial ritual, and in the Tang Dynasty, it was also called Zai, although the name was different, but people gave it the meaning of the Spring Festival.
With the Spring Festival, there will naturally be Spring Festival.
In ancient times, transportation was not developed, let alone any means of transportation, people had to face the test of life and death when they went out of the country, and it was even more difficult to go home.
During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there was already a situation similar to the "Spring Festival" in society.
It's just that the ancients of that period were more conservative, most of them were reluctant to leave their hometowns, and Xi was used to staying somewhere for generations, and the main audience of the Spring Festival was some merchants and court officials.
Officials have to go to different places to become officials, while businessmen mainly travel in all directions because of the supply of goods and business problems, and they have to go far because of the particularity of their professions.
At that time, because of the inconvenience of the road and the small population, the scale of the Spring Festival was very small, and people traveled in a variety of ways.
At the beginning, the ancients could only rely on their legs to walk, and in the era of "traffic basically by walking, communication basically by roaring", people's flow efficiency can be imagined.
Later, the ancients invented the use of animals to pull carts, horse-drawn carts, ox carts, mule carts and other means of transportation in an endless stream.
Of course, this is only for families who are slightly more affluent and can afford to buy these four-legged animals, while poor families still travel on their legs.
In such a harsh external environment, Qin Shi Huang accidentally solved the pressure of the Spring Festival, what is going on?
It turned out that Qin Shi Huang continued to reform non-stop after the unification of the Six Kingdoms, he unified writing and weights and measures, and more importantly, he noticed the construction of transportation throughout the country.
He found that when many small countries merged, the road connection became very difficult, so he did a very big project - to build Qinchi Road.
Qin Shi Huang's original intention in building the Qin Chi Road was not only to solve the road problem, but to make the country's military strength.
In case of war with other countries in the future, the transportation of grain, grass and weapons can also become very fast, when Qin Chidao was built, the military field was not used first, but some literati and ordinary people enjoyed the convenience first.
For example, Confucius took a large group of students to travel around the world, and every time he returned home for the Chinese New Year, it was a shocking picture of returning home.
Another example is the Song Dynasty writer Meng Yuanlao, in his book "Tokyo Menghualu", a detailed record of the traffic jam in ancient Kaifeng.
There is also "Snow Creek Travel Map", the painter expresses his affection for the landscape at the same time, but also shows the world the situation when people were busy and hurried.
Horse-drawn carriages, mule carts, and double-decker carriages resemble modern sleepers.
Although Qin Shi Huang inadvertently changed the ancient transportation roads, it did not fundamentally change the problems of the ancients in the spring and difficult roads.
Perhaps it is precisely because of this that there are countless literati and writers who have left many homesick poems in history.
"In the Qin period, the bright moon and the Han period, the Long March has not yet returned."
"He is often a guest in the sad autumn of thousands of miles, and he has been on stage alone for more than a hundred years."
"Bashan Chushui is desolate, and it has been abandoned for twenty-three years."
In order to return home, the ancients paid their time and even their lives, which is indeed much more difficult than the modern homecoming.
However, some people will ask, modern people have time control during the Spring Festival holiday, and did ancient times have it? Maybe the ancients had more time than modern times.
In fact, the Spring Festival holiday in ancient times was not much better than in modern times.
●—≺ Ancient Spring Festival holiday ≻—●
In the modern Spring Festival holiday, it is the time that migrant workers from all walks of life are most looking forward to.
Because compared with other holidays, the Spring Festival is very significant, and the holiday is relatively long, so many people are looking forward to going home for the holiday.
The Spring Festival statutory holiday is eight days, and special industries may have overtime or be on duty.
So, how many days off was the Spring Festival in ancient times? Is it about 8 days, just like in modern times?
In ancient times, the means of transportation were inconvenient, and people on the way had to go around for ten days and half a month, in order to be able to go home before the holiday, how should the ancient units and schools arrange holidays?
In fact, in ancient times, there were very strict time regulations for the Spring Festival holiday.
If you don't go home, it's okay, but once you ask the teacher to go home, the teacher won't ask you what is the matter first, and the first reaction is to ask if your home is far away.
According to the regulations of colleges and universities in the Ming and Qing dynasties, students had different vacation times when they had something to do with their home, depending on the location of their hometown.
If the home is in the province or region where the school belongs, the vacation time cannot exceed four months, and if the home is in Henan, Shandong, Huguang and Guangzhou, the vacation time cannot exceed six months.
The area where my hometown is located has rugged mountain roads, especially those that are far away, and it cannot exceed eight months.
And in a variety of vacations, different things also have different time requirements.
For example, it is not allowed to go home to visit relatives for more than three months, and it is not possible to go home to get married for more than two months, but some people will ask, there are too many unknown circumstances on the road in ancient times, what if something is delayed and you do not arrive at school on time?
It doesn't matter, since there was a time limit in ancient times, there was also an overtime penalty.
According to the time when the students came late, the school sent the latecomers to prison, and the school punished them as petty officials, and the school was still like this, and the imperial court was even stricter about the Spring Festival holiday regulations.
During the Ming Dynasty, there was once a prime minister Xu Pu who experienced the distress of the Spring Festival.
He set foot on the way home at the beginning of the lunar month, and as the prime minister of the dynasty, his treatment on the road must be much better than that of ordinary people.
Whether it is to the post station or the official road, there will definitely be a lot of convenience to follow.
But even so, it took him almost a month to reach his hometown at the end of the month.
●—≺ Conclusion ≻—●
Whether modern or ancient, everyone goes home for only one purpose, and that is homesickness.
In the face of the Spring Festival, love and family affection can cross everything.
For thousands of years, the means of transportation on the mainland have been constantly changing.
From the beginning of human walking, to mounts, carriages, and then to today's airplanes and high-speed rail, our living environment has been continuously improved, and there are more and more high-tech products.
It is precisely because generations of people have tasted the "difficulty of traveling" that there are endless technological innovations to make it convenient for future generations.
I hope you can cherish the moment.