Wen 丨 Liu Shiming
The CCP's underground party covered and transported breakout personnel and scattered personnel, which is also another aspect that no one systematically mentions in the history of the Central Plains breakthrough war.
Anti-Siege And Anti-Blockade Ii: The Underground Party is in Action
The information currently available shows that before and after the breakthrough of the Central Plains, the Shanghai Bureau, the Central China Sub-Bureau, the East China Bureau, the military, and independent underground party members all established cover organs to undertake the task of covering and transporting.
The Third Working Committee of the Central China Branch of the CPC Central Committee
(Martyr Xu Chuguang, director of the Third Working Committee, member of the Xiang'e Special Committee, and political commissar of the Xiang'e Democratic Coalition Army)
The Third Working Committee of the Central China Branch of the CPC Central Committee, referred to as the Third Working Committee, was formerly known as xu Chuguang, director of the Third Branch of the Jiangnan Working Committee of the New Fourth Army. Xu Chuguang, a native of Baihe Village, Huagui Township, Tuanpi Township, Tuanshui County (now Shuishui County), Hubei Province, was admitted to the Fifth Infantry Section of the Wuhan Branch of the Huangpu Military Academy in 1926 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1927. Dispatched by the party and lurking in the enemy camp for a long time, the 3rd Guard Division, which had successfully plotted against Wang Jingwei's traitorous government, revolted in Nanjing, and went to Zhongjiaji, Liuhe County, the base area of the New Fourth Army in northern Jiangbei, and reorganized into the Independent First Army of Central China of the New Fourth Army, with Xu Chuguang as deputy political commissar, chief of staff, and political commissar of the Second Division. Yan'an's Liberation Daily also reported on the uprising. Zhang Bing is Xu Chuguang's assistant.
Before and after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Three Working Committees established intelligence networks in Nanjing, Shanghai, Xuzhou, Hangzhou and other places, also known as Xu Chuguang's intelligence system. The Third Working Committee was a military movement organization sent to Hunan and Hubei by the Central China Sub-Bureau (later transferred to the East China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee), and its scope of work included the four provinces of Xiang'e, Gansu, and Henan, and its main tasks were to plot against the Kuomintang army, prepare for the establishment of the Xiang'e Democratic Coalition Army, carry out armed struggle behind enemy lines, and launch the Changsha Uprising. The Three Working Committees have established an underground work network covering Hunan, Hubei, Shanghai and southeast Sichuan, with headquarters located at No. 5, Huaishu Lane, Tianxin Pavilion, Changsha City.
Xie Wei system
(Xie Wei, Secretary of the Xiang'e Special Committee of the Shanghai Bureau)
Xie Wei, a native of Wangjiahezi, an old Sun ji of Chaihu, Zhongxiang County, Hubei Province, joined the Communist Party of China in 1927. In June 1946, the Jianghan District Party Committee instructed Xie Wei, commissioner of the Xiangbei Commissioner's Office of the Communist Party of China and secretary of the TianjingQian Central County CPC Committee, and Li Lintian, secretary of the Hanyuan Central County CPC Committee, and others: Do not break through with the troops and stay behind to deal with the aftermath. Xie Wei's pseudonym Zhang Bohua was recognized during his covert standby in Wuhan and was in danger. When they were planning to transfer to the Liberated Areas, Wang Jiaji and Li Bingnan came to Wuhan to inform Xie Wei that they had established relations with Zhang Zhiyi of the Shanghai Bureau, and conveyed Zhang Zhiyi's opinion that he should hide in Wuhan and listen to instructions and not go to the Liberated Areas for the time being. Soon, the Organization Department of the Central Plains Bureau sent Zhang Yi to Han to convey to Xie Wei Minister Chen Shaomin's instructions: Do not go to the Liberated Areas, continue to hide in Wuhan, accept the leadership of the Shanghai Bureau, and be responsible for the resettlement and transfer of the scattered personnel of the Central Plains who are scattered throughout Hubei. Xie Wei, Li Lintian, Sun Guangbing, and others began to set up secret liaison stations to shelter and transfer the lost. Since no party organization was established and there was no party organization name, it was called the Xie Wei system.
Xiang'e Special Committee of shanghai bureau of the CPC Central Committee
In July 1947, Zhang Zhiyi summoned Xie Wei, Li Lintian, and comrades of the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army to a meeting at the Shanghai Private Weiguang Hospital, a secret liaison station of the Shanghai Bureau. Xu Chuguang and Zhang Bing of the Third Working Committee were also invited to attend the meeting on behalf of the East China Bureau.
Li Weiguang, who opened Weiguang Hospital, whose original name was Li Yingzhang, a native of Taichung, Taiwan, led the peasant rebellion against Japanese imperialism known in history as the "ErlinCane Farmers Incident" in October 1925, which caused a sensation in Taiwan, and after being wanted by the Japanese authorities, came from Taiwan to Xiamen, then to Shanghai, joined the CCP in 1932, and engaged in underground activities in Shanghai.
At the meeting, a decision was made to jointly form the Xiang'e Special Committee of the Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Xiang'e Special Committee) jointly with the cover system. Because Xu and Xie were humble to each other, the Shanghai Bureau decided that Xie Wei would be appointed secretary and Xu Chuguang and Li Lintian would be appointed as committee members. The main task of the Xiang'e Special Committee was, first, to prepare for Liu Deng's army, which had leapt thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, to go south; second, to contact the scattered central plains breakthrough and scattered personnel and restore and develop the organization. Xu Chuguang's system began to work in two lines: the Three Working Committees and the Xiang'e Special Committee.
The Xiang'e Special Committee relies on the network of the three working committees to carry out its work in Hubei and Hunan provinces. The organs of the special committee and the central party branch are located in Wuchang, Hubei Province, and secret contact points have been established at No. 40 Xiangguo Temple and No. 20 Jiyuqiao in Wuchang. The Hunan organ of the Xiang'e Special Committee is located at No. 5, Huaishu Lane, Tianxin Pavilion, Changsha.
After the breakthrough of the Central Plains, Liu Jianzhang, Xu Meng, Ding Rui, Duan Yumei and other local comrades in Hubei were still carrying out activities in the name of the Beishan Work Committee. They not only possessed an armed force, but also preserved some base areas and corresponding political organizations, including the market towns of Shangxiahuji, Bajiaomiao, and Lengshuipu near Zhongxiang and the surrounding countryside. Li Bingnan went to the Beishan Work Committee on the orders of the Xiang'e Special Committee, conveyed the instructions of the Xiang'e Special Committee to Liu Jianzhang, and instructed them to get in touch with comrades in neighboring places who persisted in the struggle. After receiving the instructions, the Beishan Work Committee quickly contacted Chen Ming, Wang Keqiang, Wang Hongyi, duan Zhengfu, and Zhang Yingwu, Liu Yiren, and Gao Huating of Tianjingqian, who insisted on staying in the Sha (City) area of Jingzhou and Jiangnan, and carried out work under the leadership of the special committee.
Wuhan Working Committee of Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
(Martyr Gu Jianping, Secretary of the Wuhan Working Committee of the Shanghai Bureau)
Gu Jianping, whose original name was Zou Benyao, was born in 1905 to an old military officer family in Shou County, Anhui Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1927 and worked in Anhui and Shanghai. Zou Benyao served as deputy commissioner in charge of finance and economics at the Xianghe Special Bureau in Hubei Province, and political commissar of the Logistics Department of the Independent Brigade of the Jianghan Military Region. After breaking through with the troops, he served as a member of the Fourth Prefectural Committee of Northwest Hubei and deputy commissioner of the Fourth Commissioner's Office. In February 1947, Zou Benyao left the battlefield with a head injury and wandered to Shanghai alone. In the autumn of the same year, he was sent to Wuhan by Zhang Zhiyi, secretary of the Shanghai Bureau's Outer County Working Committee, to establish an underground transportation line. Under the pseudonym Gu Jianping, he arrived in Wuhan and set up points at the Deming Hotel in Hankou and No. 12 XiaojiangJiayuan on Huayuan Street to contact, cover and transfer the scattered personnel of the Central Plains Breakthrough.
In January 1948, the Shanghai Bureau established the Wuhan Working Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Wuhan Working Committee, also known as the Wuhan Central Group) with Gu Jianping as the secretary, which not only transferred the scattered personnel, but also expanded to the establishment of transportation lines. The Wuhan Working Committee has set up a number of transportation stations and contact points in Hankou, Wuchang and Shanghai, all of which are headed or stationed by Gu Jianping. Using the Taichangshan Cargo Line as a cover, he opened up multiple underground communication lines from Shanghai to Hankou, Hankou to Huangpi Cai Meidian and Changxuanling, Hankou to Hanchuan and Qiuyang, connected the Shanghai Bureau with the Central Plains Bureau and the Jianghan District Party Committee, and sent more than thirty party, government, and army leading cadres from the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army to the Liberated Areas who had broken through and hidden in Shanghai.
Communication Office of the Central Plains Military Region
In addition to the cover structure set up by the underground party, the army also has a corresponding structure. The experience of Wang Shusheng, deputy commander of the Central Plains Military Region, commander of the Northwest Hubei Military Region, and political commissar, is a microcosm of the troops' outward transfer of personnel.
After Mrs. Wang Shusheng and military doctor Yang Ju broke through the Blockade Line of the Pinghan Railway to the Wudang Mountains with a column, she was pregnant and had limited mobility. Li Liancheng, a cadre of the Communications Department, had previously escorted two groups of cadres, including Ma Yi and Wu Daoying, into the Liberated Areas of East China via Xuzhou, and the troops decided that Li Liancheng, who was acting with a column, would be responsible for the transfer. Yang Ju disguised himself as the wife of the kuomintang regimental commander and Li Liancheng served as an adjutant of the regimental headquarters, and Yang Gen, the medical director of the column, disguised himself as an entourage ma Ben and moved out of the line of fire. The three men crossed the blockade line, went down Wuhan, upper Zhengzhou, turned to Xuzhou, and reached the headquarters of the New Fourth Army in Linyi via Weishan Lake.
After the emergency meeting of Laoguanwo, with the approval of the central authorities, Wang Shusheng left northwest Hubei to return to the rear to recuperate. Escorted by the Beishan underground party organization, he transferred through Hankou to Jincheng, Shanxi, in the Liberated Area of Taiyue in North China.
In addition, the white-skinned and red-hearted Wuhan Xingyuan Information Bureau Touring Work Second Team (also known as the Sixth Drama Team) also covered several groups of Central Plains breakthrough personnel and literary and artistic soldiers at the Dahua Hotel next to the People's Paradise on Hankou Zhongshan Avenue. The second and third prefectural committees under the jurisdiction of the Jianghan District Party Committee have all set up traffic liaison stations to receive and transfer hundreds of Central Plains breakthrough personnel.
Nanjing Yuhuatai: The blood-stained battle flag is redder
In the Mid-Autumn Festival of 1947, Xu Chuguang, director of the Third Working Committee and member of the Xiang'e Special Committee, and his wife and children ate mooncakes under the old locust tree in Changsha's Locust Tree Lane to tell their family affection. Early the next morning, he left for The Dabie Mountain base area to report on his work. On Wuchang Street, Xu Chuguang happened to encounter a squad leader named Xia Bocheng when he was the squadron leader of his hometown of Pushui County during the Great Revolution. This person had long since left the revolutionary ranks, and was the eyeliner of Chen Huanbing, the chief of the Wuchang Police Bureau at the time, who had previously learned from Director Chen that the Secrecy Bureau had filed a case and was offering a reward for the arrest of Xu Chuguang. At this time, Xu Chuguang did not know xia Bocheng's true identity, and for a moment he neglected to take him to his residence. That night, Xu Chuguang was arrested at the home of his aunt Xu Minwen near the Snake Mountain Tunnel in Wuchang. He was later escorted to Nanjing.
(The Red Ruins Monument at No. 5 Locust Lane, just outside the west gate of Tianxin Pavilion in Changsha City.) Turn left along the path on the left side of the monument to Locust Tree Lane, and on the right is the West Gate of Tianxin Pavilion)
In October 1948, Xu Chuguang indignantly rejected the attempt of Xu Renfeng, director of the Kuomintang Secrecy Bureau, to lure him into defection with his official position as a major general, leaving behind the desperate poem "How Good Sons and Daughters Eat Two Teas" at the age of 39. The Nanjing Yuhuatai was the highest-ranking execution ground for the Kuomintang to massacre the Communists. Xu Chuguang is the only martyr who died in Nanjing Yuhuatai during the Liberation War for the liberation cause of the people of Changsha! Under the full impetus of Song Junxiang, director of the Party History Research Office of the Changsha Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, in June 2020, the Cultural and Tourism Bureau of Tianxin District of Changsha City set up a monument to the red site of No. 5 Huaishu Lane outside the west gate of Tianxin Pavilion, and the author of this article wrote the inscription.
Xu Chuguang's arrest was only an occasional incident, and after adding Zhang Bing as a member of the Xiang'e Special Committee, the three underground parties were still operating, and a lot of work was done to contact and cover the scattered personnel of the Central Plains Breakthrough. Because the personnel of the Three Working Committees, the Xiang'e Special Committee, and the Wuhan Work Committee overlapped, their work intersected, and they maintained horizontal ties with each other, they were even devastated one after another.
First of all, Ye Shaoqing, an attaché of Zhang Bao, deputy commander of the Xiang'e Democratic United Army under the leadership of the Three Work Committees, and a traffic officer of the Xiang'e Special Committee, was arrested and defected, and was appointed as a captain by the Hubei Workstation of the Secrecy Bureau, and then sent back to the Three Work Committees to serve as a latent agent. Ye was involved in the Xiang'e Special Committee, and the secret agents squatted in the special committee organs and arrested the members of the Wuhan Working Committee who came to send funds for the activities.
According to the 1957 case closure report of the Nanjing Municipal Public Security Bureau, the traffic station of the Wuhan Working Committee at the Wuchang Minjiaoguan, as well as the Taichangshan loan bank, the printing plant, and the secretly opened bank were all destroyed by the enemy, and valuable drugs and gold were also seized by the agents, causing huge economic losses. The Xiang'e Special Committee's funds were also handed over by the traitors.
Gu Jianping was also arrested at the steamship dock from Shanghai to Han. In December 1948, Gu Jianping died in Yuhuatai, Nanjing, at the age of 43.
After the Hubei part of the Third Working Committee and the Xiang'e Special Committee was destroyed, the survivors moved to Hunan to carry out work under the leadership of Zhang Bing, planning the Changsha Uprising launched by the Xiang'e Democratic Coalition Army.
(Zhang Bing, secretary of the party branch of the Third Working Committee, member of the Xiang'e Special Committee and secretary of the central party branch)
Zhang Bing, formerly known as Zhang Shenyan ,Literally, pseudonym Wang Yusheng, a native of Jiangzaogang Town, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, joined the Communist Party of China in 1941. After being arrested, he was released from prison after Xu Chuguang's rescue and joined the Third Working Committee, successively serving as the secretary of the party branch of the Third Working Committee, a member of the Xiang'e Special Committee and the secretary of the central party branch. On June 27, 1948, Zhang Bing was arrested at the Changsha Railway Station by more than 20 agents of the Xiang'e Workstation led by Yu Kejian, director of the Hubei Station of the Secrecy Bureau, who specialized in cracking down on the Three Working Committees and the Xiang'e Special Committee, and was immediately escorted to Wuhan, where he was successively detained in the Hubei Station Prison of the Luojiadun Secrecy Bureau and the Detention Center of the Wuhan Police Headquarters on Hankou Yanjiang Avenue, and was killed by agents the day before the liberation of Wuhan and died heroically.
After Zhang Bing's arrest, the Three Working Committees, the Xiang'e Special Committee, and the Hunan part of the Xiang'e Democratic Coalition Army gradually disintegrated. In the autumn of 1948, the Three Working Committees, the Xiang'e Special Committee, and the Wuhan Working Committee, known as the "Wuhan Three Small" party organizations, were destroyed and disintegrated, dozens of underground party members and underground workers were arrested and sacrificed, and the party's cover organization in the city suffered heavy personnel and property losses. The course of the battles of the Three Working Committees and the Xiang'e Special Committee in Hunan and Changsha was also annihilated in the dust of history.
Breakout Battle: Multiple Attacks
In late June 1946, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek broke the armistice agreement and besieged 60,000 troops of the Central Plains Military Region with 300,000 troops. Mao Zedong telephoned the Central Plains Bureau in the name of the CPC Central Committee: "Agree to break through immediately, the sooner the better, don't have any worries, survival first, victory first." On the night of June 26, the troops of the Central Plains Military Region broke through in four ways.
(Map of the breakthrough situation of the troops of the Central Plains Military Region)
Pi Dingjun led the 1st Column and 1st Brigade of the Central Plains Military Region to break through to the east of the Jinpu Railway, pretending to be the main force to contain the enemy army. Wang Shusheng led the 1st Column, 2nd Brigade and 3rd Brigade, known as the South Road Breakthrough Force, to break through to the southwest. Zheng Weisan and Li Xiannian led the Central Plains Bureau, the Organs of the Central Plains Military Region, and the Second Vertical Northwest Breakthrough, known as the Breakthrough Force of the North Road. Wang Zhen led the 359th Brigade to break through alone.
The breakthrough in the Central Plains fired the first shot of the Liberation War. According to military history, a total of 5,090 enemy personnel were annihilated in this battle.
New base area: Yu'e-Shaanxi and northwestern China
After the Pi Dingjun department of the East Road Breakthrough Force broke through the siege, there was no task of establishing a base area, and it was merged with the main force of the New Fourth Army in the Anhui and Soviet regions to form an independent division of the East China Field Army.
After the North Road Breakthrough Force entered southern Shaanxi, in accordance with the instructions of the central authorities to establish a base area on the spot, on August 3, 1946, it was combined with the southern Shaanxi guerrillas to form the Yu'e-Shaanxi Military Region (also known as the Eyu-Shaanxi Military Region) with five military sub-districts under its jurisdiction, with commander Wen Jianwu and political commissar Wang Feng.
Wang Shusheng led a vertical west of the so-called South Road Breakthrough Force, breaking through the Pinghan Railway blockade line and the Xianghe River and entering the Wudang Mountains. On August 27, 1946, the South Road Breakthrough Force and the Luo Houfu Department of the Jianghan Military Region met in the Shanggong area southwest of Fang County. The Fangxian Hui division marked the end of the victory of the first phase of the Central Plains Breakthrough of the South Road Breakthrough Force. The CPC Central Committee decided that Wang Shusheng's troops would establish guerrilla base areas in northwest Hubei on the spot.
In late August 1946, the authorities transferred 100,000 elite units, including the reorganized 66th Division led by Song Ruike, to clear and suppress the guerrilla base areas in northwest Hubei, which were unstable. On September 1, in order to unify the military and political leadership, the CPC Northwest Hubei District Party Committee and the Northwest Hubei Military Region were established, and Wang Shusheng was appointed secretary of the district party committee, commander and political commissar of the military region. The Northwest Hubei Military Region administers the first to fifth military sub-districts, with a total army of more than 10,000 people.
The two military regions of Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, and northwest Hubei, and the five military sub-districts under their jurisdiction, mainly undertake the task of attracting and containing the enemy army.
Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out in his "Summary of the Three Months": "Our Central Plains People's Liberation Army has overcome difficulties and hardships with unparalleled perseverance, and with the exception of one part that has been transferred to the old liberated areas, the main force has created two guerrilla base areas in the southern Shaanxi and western Hubei regions. In addition, there were troops in eastern and central Hubei who insisted on guerrilla warfare. All this has greatly aided and is continuing to assist the fighting in the old liberated areas and will play a greater role in future protracted wars. ”
Less wins more: the 359th Brigade returns to Yan'an
On the night of June 26, 1946, Wang Zhen, deputy commander and chief of staff of the Central Plains Military Region, led the 359th Brigade to break through the Blockade Line of the Pinghan Railway from Liulin to Jiuli Guandong Mountain on the east side of Xindian, rushing to cross the Tang River, enter the Qinling Mountains, forcibly cross the Danjiang River, and move to southern Shaanxi. After that, under the siege of 100,000 enemy troops, the brigade leaders flexibly carried out the instructions for establishing a base area in Shangxian and Luonan areas in Shaanxi Province, decisively broke through the heavy siege, and used the only small boat to cross the Meridian River, bypass Shangguan Town, and advance into the base area.
(Wang Zhen, deputy commander and chief of staff of the Central Plains Military Region)
From November 1, 1944, when it was organized into the Southbound Detachment of the Eighth Route Army, the 359th Brigade lasted more than 600 days, passed through 8 provinces (through 18 counties such as Pingjiang in Hunan), traveled more than 20,000 miles, and experienced more than 100 large and small battles, and returned to Yan'an on September 27, 1946, and its journey was known as the "Second Long March." ”
Anti-"Clearance and Suppression" Warfare: Beyond the Pursuit Tactics
The breakthrough troops of the North Road entered western Henan and southern Shaanxi, where the land was barren and the people were poor, and it was very difficult to raise grain and the living environment was dangerous.
The anti-"Qing and suppression" war in northwest Hubei seems to be more brutal than that in the Yu'e-Shaanxi region. Relying on its absolute superiority in numbers, the enemy army adopted tactics such as dividing the areas and suppressing them in the military field, attacking separately and attacking together, supplemented by political and economic means such as resettlement and villages, and five companies sitting in a vain attempt to destroy our army. What makes our army particularly uncomfortable is the new method of warfare promoted by the Zhengzhou Appeasement Office -- beyond pursuit. The so-called over-pursuit, also known as advance pursuit, means dispatching capable troops to take advantage of various conditions to go beyond the direction of our army's advance and block the head, and form a front-to-back attack with the rear-pursuit troops. As a result, our army suffered heavy losses.
According to party history documents, in January 1947, the troops in northwest Hubei were oppressed by the enemy to the area of Nanqianjialaolin between Nanzhang, Baokang and Yuan'an in Hubei Province. Soon, the surviving main force of the three brigades and seven regiments were completely destroyed at Wuniuguan, and the regimental commander was captured. The deteriorating situation compels our army to move as soon as possible.
Wawu Street Conference: The End of the Yu'e-Shaanxi Military Region
During the breakout, Zheng Weisan, acting secretary of the Central Plains Bureau, known as the "old man," Chen Shaomin, member of the Standing Committee of the Central Plains Bureau and director of the Organization Department, and Dai Jiying, member of the Central Plains Bureau and deputy political commissar of the Central Plains Military Region, had diarrhea from drinking unclean river water and was unable to march. Li Xiannian had no choice but to leave them in the home of Zhu Dade in Tongzigou in the Longshan area of Shanyang County, Shaanxi. Zhu Lao was the father-in-law of Tan Daopeng, the leader of the first detachment of the southern Shaanxi guerrillas. All three leaders later returned to Yan'an smoothly. After Zheng Weisan left the team, Ren Jianbin, a member of the Central Plains Bureau, assisted Li Xiannian in his work.
Soon, Li Xiannian's old stomach disease recurred, and when marching, he had to tie a rope to his waist and walk by people or horses, and his body became weaker and weaker. Ren Zhibin also had lung disease hemoptysis. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China telegraphed the evacuation of the two men. Li Xiannian and Ren Qianbin disguised themselves as Kuomintang generals and school officers passed through the Kuomintang area and returned to Yan'an at the end of October. After Zheng and Li returned to Yan'an, the Central Committee decided that the Central Plains Bureau would be located in Lanjiaping, Yan'an.
Beginning in late November 1946, 10 divisions and 17 security regiments of the Kuomintang army, with the cooperation of the local township protection regime, carried out a comprehensive "liquidation and suppression" of the Yu'e-Shaanxi Military Region by means of resettlement and merger of villages, construction of pillboxes, and the manufacture of no-man's land. "In January 1947, when the battle reached the extremely cold season of the Qinling Mountains, the troops who could not raise grain and grass at all and were hungry and hungry could not survive. In order to preserve the revolutionary forces, on February 5, 1947, the Party Committee and military district of Yu'e-Shaanxi District held a meeting in Wawu Street, Lushan County, Henan Province, and made a decision to withdraw the troops to the north of the Yellow River for recuperation. With the approval of the central authorities, the first troops crossed the Yellow River north into the Taiyue Liberated Area. On March 20, the second batch of troops crossed the Yellow River in the north, and at this point, the Yu'e-Shaanxi Military Region came to an end.
The Old Guanwo Emergency Meeting: The End of the Northwest Hubei Military Region
On February 4, 1947, the Party Committee of Northwest Hubei District held an emergency meeting at the Wang Clan Ancestral Hall of Laoguanwo in Maopingchang Town, Yuan'an County, Hubei Province. The participants held that: The mountains of northwest Hubei are sparsely populated, the land is barren and the people are poor, and they lack the basic conditions for the survival of large troops, and when the task of containing the enemy army has been completed, the troops should be immediately transferred to the outer line for combat. According to the resolution of the meeting, Zhang Caiqian and Li Renlin led some of the main forces to form the Jiangnan Column and march south to the Xiang'e border. With the approval of the central authorities, Wang Shusheng, secretary of the northwest Hubei district party committee, Liu Zijiu, first deputy secretary and first deputy political commissar, Wen Minsheng, second deputy secretary and second deputy political commissar, and Liu Zihou, vice chairman of the Northwest Hubei Administrative Office, also left the army due to illness. The emergency meeting of Laoguanwo marked the basic disintegration of the party committee, military region, and military sub-districts in northwest Hubei, and the surviving troops were either crushed or transferred to the outer line of combat. The enemy's integrated 66th Division and other elite units also withdrew one after another. The gunfire in northwestern Hubei gradually fell silent.
In March 1947, the Central Plains Breakthrough War was basically quelled.
Written from February 5 to 25, 2020 in Changsha, Hunan
First revision from March 12 to March 31, 2022
Revised for the second time from April 19 to 23, 202
Revised for the third time from July 9 to 17, 202
(The author is the son of Lu Fang, a female soldier of the First Military Subdistrict of the Northwest Hubei Military Region, who witnessed the breakthrough in the Central Plains)
(The main part of this article was published in the special issue of Xiangchao magazine "Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China" under the title of "Breakthrough through the Clouds and Fog Across the Guanshan Mountains.") Special thanks to the editorial board of Xiangchao magazine. ）
[Editor-in-Charge: Zhu Xiaohua]
[Source: Hunan Daily· New Hunan Client]