Tongge Castle
Among the forty-five castles in the Qinhe Ancient Castle Group. There is an ancient castle called "Tongge". It was built in the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632). The castle is not large, it is a three-story building, the first floor has a well, a granary, coal, cooking utensils; the second and third floors are equipped with gunpowder, knives, guns, stones and other war materials, which is a refuge built by Tuncheng Village on the east bank of the Qin River to resist thieves in the late Ming Dynasty. Speaking of the same cabinet, I have to mention a person, this person is the owner of this same cabinet - Zhang Shenyan.
Zhang Shenyan was not famous for building ancient castles, but because he was a great official, and his bold loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and his dedication to protecting the country and the people left a name in history.
Very early on, people have heard about this, but they can't tolerate it. Fortunately, when I flipped through a beautiful photographic album called "Runcheng", I had the privilege of witnessing the portrait of this important minister at the end of the Ming Dynasty. On the portrait is an old man with bright eyebrows, dignified appearance, and more than one year old, the old man has a kind face, a loyal smile on his face, and a long white beard under his chin, which seems to tell us that this is a person with extraordinary experience. He wore a black black veil on his head and a red costume embroidered with auspicious clouds and cranes, and sat majestically on a court master's chair. The old man's eyes are shining with energy, and a faint mist is revealed under the painter's pen, perhaps this is the painter's legendary life of the old man. Because of this portrait I walked into the story of the old man.
Zhang Shenyan (1577-1645), character Jin Ming, trumpet of The Mountain. A native of Tuncheng, Yangcheng, Shanxi. He was a famous politician, thinker, poet, calligrapher and painter at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Born into a family of eunuchs, he was the grandson of Zhang Sheng, a politician in Henan. His parents died at an early age and he was raised by his grandmother. In the thirty-eighth year of the Wanli Calendar (1610), he was admitted to the Jinshi. When he first became an official, he was in Shouzhangzhi County, Shandong, and because he had only done a good job, he made the government of Shouzhang County clean and clean, and became famous for a while. Later, he was transferred to Fancao County, which was seriously affected by natural disasters, and Fancao County was not prosperous, the county people were hungry, and the people were in deep trouble. He took out the treasury to buy rice everywhere to help the victims, so that the local people survived the difficulties. He has a good political reputation here and is appreciated by his superiors. In the first year of Taichang (1620), he was promoted to the imperial history of Shaanxi Province. He was overjoyed, full of ambition, and thought to himself, the day of serving the country has come. However, as everyone knows, he has since embarked on a bumpy road full of dangers and dangers.
At this time, the Ming Dynasty was in a time of turmoil, and the court battles were fierce, and there were successive cases of "red pills", "moving palaces", and "attacks", eunuchs were in power, and the dispute between the castration party and the Donglin party was raging. Pure prudence involuntarily got involved in this dark political struggle. A month after taking office, Emperor Xizong ascended the throne, and at that time the imperial court was focusing on the issue of the "three cases". Zhang Shen was flesh-and-blood, outspoken, exposing the conspiracy of the castration party, and also defending Jia Jichun, who had been punished by degrading officials for requesting another placement of elected servants, angered the emperor who had been hoodwinked by the castration party, and the emperor gave him a punishment of two years. For the sake of Daming's country, what is wronged? He did not complain and, as always, was loyal to the Ming Dynasty.
In the early years of the Apocalypse, Shen Yan went out to manage tun tian on the outskirts of Beijing, and in view of the large areas of fertile fields on the outskirts of Beijing and the millions of people who were homeless in Liaodong after the fall of Guangning, he put forward five kinds of proposals for official breeding, tenant breeding, civilian breeding, military breeding, and tun seeding Measures to "reclaim the land without cultivating the land with the homeless people" to calm the people's minds, reduce the burden on the imperial court, and increase economic income. The imperial court gladly approved of his recital. Shen Yan used his ingenuity to dedicate a pure heart to the Ming Dynasty.
However, the road is treacherous. In the DPRK, Shenyan once wrote a letter recommending Zhao Nanxing, one of the leaders of the Donglin Party, to impeach Feng Quan. Feng Quan was grumpy. Guts. In March of the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), Shen Yan's grandmother died, and Feng Quan took advantage of Zhang Shenyan's return home to mourn and was not in the middle of the dynasty, instructing his subordinate Cao Qincheng to write a letter impeaching Shen Yan, framing him for stealing three thousand kuyin when he was in Fancao County. Emperor Xizong, who was obsessed with carpentry craftsmanship, put aside the matter of governing the country and the world, appointed eunuchs, listened to rumors, and this time sent him to Jiuquan in the depths of the desert to charge the army. Caution is hard to argue, ? The king's fate was difficult to violate, the autumn wind was strong, the yellow sand was terrible, and he walked step by step to the depths of the desert.
In the days of Jiuquan, he shared weal and woe with the officers and soldiers, drew water to grow fruits and vegetables, established a deep relationship with the rugged and heroic Qiang people, learned to make cheese, learned to ride horses and hunt, and he led horses with eagles on his arms and galloped on the vast desert. Perhaps it was the vast desert that made his heart widen, and he slowly became indifferent and quiet, borrowing historical books and ancient dialogues, and writing "Jiuquan Poetry Collection" and "Qiangzhong Frying Method". He silently looked forward to the day when he would be loyal to the Ming Dynasty from the new, and he firmly believed that the clean man was self-purifying, and the clear man was self-evident. Time will see everything.
In the 7th year of the Apocalypse, Xi Zong died. When Emperor Zhuang Lie ascended the throne, the Chongzhen Emperor succeeded to the throne, vigorously purged the castration party, eradicated Wei Zhongxian's wings, and degraded the eunuch leader Wei Zhongxian to Fengyang Shouling. The Emperor pardoned him. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), he was reinstated as an official. After Shen Yan returned to Beijing, he suggested to the Chongzhen Emperor to solve the problem of castration of the party, and suggested that he first reduce his momentum and then remove his roots. He was adopted by the emperor and promoted to the position of Taibu Shaoqing (太仆少卿), and then successively as Taichangqing (太常卿) and the Right Attendant of the Punishment Department (刑部右侍郎).
In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), when trying Geng Ruqi's case, Shenyan insisted on justice and failed to satisfy the emperor, who gave him a color look, and was imprisoned together with Shangshu Han Ji'en, and then dismissed him and returned him to his hometown, accompanying the king like a companion tiger. The loyal, honest, and unassuming prudence once again hit the emperor's cold ass.
He returned to his hometown, drank the water of the Qin River, and saw the people of his hometown again. This is eight years, eight years of internal and external troubles in the country, the step by step of the Later Jin, the peasant revolt in Shaanxi, the struggle for the rights of the court, the drought in the north, and a desolate scene everywhere. His spirit suffered greatly. He witnessed the current situation of the people's livelihood, and personally experienced the chaos of soldiers and bandits, and the bloody looting of oppressing the people.
In the fifth year of Chongzhen, Wang Jiayin of Hequ and Wang Ziyi trampled on the Qin River Valley with the iron hooves of the Ministry, and the Ming general Cao Wenshaobu also chased after him, and for a time, the Smoke and Dust of the Qin River Basin rolled in, the soldiers and bandits were chaotic, they burned everywhere, wantonly robbed, and the people were displaced. He said in his anthology: "A thief is a devious soldier, a pseudo-general of jian, and a soldier is a cunning thief, and the people dare to commit a crime!" "Soldiers and thieves will meet as scheduled, and they will fight and plunder" He angrily shouted, "The harm of soldiers is worse than that of thieves." He led the people of his hometown to jointly resist the soldiers and bandits, he paid for the construction of the Tongge to ensure the safety of the villagers, when the thieves came to attack, he led the whole village to hide in the Tongge, the enemy, the enemy could not attack for a long time, retreated with pity, and saved the lives of the villagers. The soldiers and bandits plundered back and forth in the Qin River Valley, and he launched the "Confession of the Father and Elder Defender of the City" to the fathers and villagers in the Qin River Valley, and he told the villagers that "the besiegers have always been the best strategy for the soldiers, and in ancient times there were hundreds of thousands of people who fought in vain under the great fortified city, and they did not have time to point fingers." But it is necessary to have the resources to keep, the tools to keep, and the law to keep, and the three things must be prepared and the people's hearts can be fearless. At his initiative, a village in the Qin River Valley in the late Ming Dynasty built a fort to resist the enemy. This is probably the mystery of the origin of the Qinhe Ancient Castle Group.
In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), the imperial court summoned him back to the dynasty and served as the right attendant of the Ministry of Works. The Ming Dynasty encountered natural disasters over the years, under the attack of Nur Hechi and Li Zicheng, and the country's economy became more and more difficult, the imperial court discussed the need to mine gold and silver, mint currency, carry out tun tian, reform the salt law, etc. Cautiously said many times, opposing this practice of exhausting the fish, and talking about many suggestions related to the fundamental plan of the country. However, the imperial court did not adopt it. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), the emperor adopted the suggestion of the university scholar Yang Sichang, who advocated changing the prefecture, prefecture, and county to be used as training and training general, and prudently believed that the country's internal and external troubles and the reform system were of great importance, and he made eight advances in succession to hinder the implementation of this reform. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), Shenyan was promoted from Zuo Shilang to Nanjing Hubu Shangshu, who was already sixty-five years old at the time, he was physically and mentally exhausted, and when he saw the devastated Ming Dynasty, he felt deeply troubled, and seven times he resigned from illness, but the emperor did not answer. He was also renamed the Nanjing official Shangshu , in charge of the affairs of the Imperial History of the Right Capital. Subsequently, he was added as the Prince Shaobao.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Ming army was repeatedly defeated in the two-front battle with the peasant rebel army and the Qing army, and had completely lost its combat effectiveness. In March, the Kyoshi fell. The Chongzhen Emperor died at Meishan. When the news reached Nanjing, the officials of the six departments who lived in the capital were in a panic. In order to inherit the Ming dynasty, they decided to establish a new monarch and re-establish the central government. However, on the issue of the choice of king, the various factions of officials in Nanjing fought fiercely. Some people advocate supporting Zhu Yousong, the king of Fu, and some people advocate supporting Zhu Changfang, the king of Lu, and the quarrel is incomparable. The fight was largely divided into two factions. One faction is dominated by the Donglin Party, and the other is ma Shiying as the core. The Donglin party members Hanlin Yuan Zhan Shi Jiang Riguang, Bingbu Shangshu Shi Kefa, Bingbu Shilang Lü Daqi, Right Capital Yushi Zhang Shenyan, former Libu Shilang Qianyi, and other Lu Wang Zhu Changfang, who advocated the establishment of "Zhaomu is not far away, and xianming can be established". They believed that although King Fu was a grandson of the Divine Sect, "there are seven non-existents: greed, fornication, alcoholism, filial piety, abuse, non-reading, and interference." For the destiny of the country, they have a clear banner. Ma Shiying, with the feudal inheritance system of "having a concubine and not having a concubine", vigorously advocated the succession of the government in order of lun, and supported Zhu Yousong, the prince of Fu. Of course there is his own little abacus. Fu Wang is a faint and incompetent Zong Wang who only knows how to have fun. The traitorous minister Ma Shiying saw this and could use it for himself. The cunning Ma Shiying secretly contacted the general Gao Jie, Liu Zeqing, Huang Degong, Liu Liangzuo, and other powerful factions, and sent troops to take Zhu Yousong to Nanjing, claiming that "in order to be wise, no one is like the Fu King, and has sent the generals as the lords of the three armies, please be enshrined as emperors." At this point, Shi Kefa and others had no choice but to abandon their original proposal. On May 15, King Fu officially took the throne as emperor, with the next year as the first year of Hongguang, which was the first Southern Ming regime, the Hongguang regime. After King Fu ascended the throne, he appointed him as the official Shangshu (尚書), and as an internal and external official, he wrote ten discussions in the book. Although the Fu King adopted it, he was unable to implement it. In June, on the issue of the appointment of deposed officials, Prudent Yan opposed Ma Shiying's use of the castration party remnant Nguyen Da Cheng. Ma Shiying vigorously obstructed Shenyan's recommendation of Wu Shengsheng, accused him of using civilian ministers instead of military subjects, and on the grounds that he strongly opposed him when he was king of Lifu, wrote a letter to impeach him, entangled Liu Kongzhao, Tang Guozuo, Zhao Zhilong, and others to make a big fuss in the court, besieged Zhang Shenyan, reopened the previous case of party strife, and forcibly linked it with the so-called "Shun case" (Shun is the state name of Li Zicheng's peasant military regime), distorted the facts, and fabricated all kinds of false accusations, making Zhang Shenyan unable to defend himself. The Qing official Wu Shengsheng was difficult to make a career, the castration party forces came back, and Shen Yan completely lost confidence in the Ming Dynasty, so he wrote four times to ask for retirement, and King Fu approved it. Crown Prince Taibao, one of Yin's sons.
After Shen Yan sent a letter, Shanxi had all fallen into the hands of the peasant rebel army, and Cautious Yan was homeless and exiled to Wuhu, Anhui Province, xuancheng generation. On May 16 of the following year, the Qing army attacked Nanjing, and the Southern Ming Hongguang regime collapsed. After the fall of Nanjing, he grew gangrene on his back, and in order to be loyal to the country, he refused to take medicine, and finally died in the water, at the age of sixty-nine. How he wanted to save the Ming Dynasty, but in the world where the emperor danced with the traitors, he could only choose to leave, and with regret, he silently hid his loyalty and melted his life into the grief of the fall of the country. In the autumn wind of the Ming Dynasty, his waddling back was far away.
Zhang Shenyan was a famous thinker in the late Ming Dynasty
Ancient rulers regarded the science of science as a tool for maintaining feudal etiquette and patriarchy, advocated the existence of heavenly reason and the destruction of human desires, and believed that heavenly reason constituted the essence of man, which was embodied in ethics and morality in the human world, "three principles and five constants". "Human desire" is an act that goes beyond the desire to sustain human life and violates the norms of etiquette, as opposed to heavenly reason. Regarding people's demand for a better life as human desire, we believe that the "three principles and five constants" are all "popular" of reason, and people should "remove human desires and save heavenly reason" and consciously abide by the feudal moral norms of the three principles and five constants. In this way, it binds people's hands and feet and becomes a tool for "killing people with reason",
Zhang Shenyan believes that what people want is heavenly reason. The use of feudal etiquette to stipulate that people's behavior is to stifle human desires and people's feelings, and boldly criticize traditional morality. Coinciding with the ideas of his contemporaries Li Zhen, Zhang Shenyan had great admiration for Li Zhenqi.
In an era when China emphasized agriculture over the end of the world, he advocated the idea of "sympathizing with the merchants" and proposed to rule both the end and the end. The governance of society advocates paying attention to people's livelihood, reclaiming wasteland, and allowing people to live and work in peace and contentment. In the era when Taoism had long ruled the ideological circles, he challenged the feudal traditional Taoism with the wisdom and boldness of a thinker, which was of extremely important progressive significance.
He was also a poet and calligrapher
There is something unique about the poetry of Prudent Speech. Qian Qianyi, a famous literary scholar of his contemporaries, commented on him: "Jin Ming is a different person, and his poetry also has a different tune. "He left many poems in his lifetime, and his representative works are mainly "BoShuiZhai Wen copied" and "Boshuizhai Anthology", and his poems are vivid, imposing, and profound. In literature, he opposed the rigid style of writing, and was the first in the history of Chinese literature to propose "poetry, living things also." "Academic thought.
He was also quite accomplished in calligraphy, alongside the famous great calligrapher Dong Qichang, and was known as "Southern Dong Beifu" by the people of the time. The inscriptions, family letters, and screen links are regarded as treasures by people.