The National Palace in Taipei: How much do you know about the total number of cultural relics? In the past four years, few have been put into the collection, or there is a risk of decreasing

The cultural relics in the National Palace Museum in Taipei are a huge and specific cultural asset of the Chinese nation, how much is the total number of them, and where does it come from?

The total number of items in its collection has always been described in general terms: close to 700,000 pieces.

According to official public information, the specific and accurate data is: as of October 31, 2023, the total number of cultural relics in the collection is 698,857 pieces/volume.

As of October 31, 2023, the data table of various collections of the National Palace Museum in Taipei Data source: the official website of the National Palace Museum in Taipei  

This data has also changed over the years, for example, as of June 31, 2019, it was 698689 per book. As of now (October 31, 2023), 168 new works have been added to the collection in four years.

Compared with the total number of collections on June 30, 2013 - 696112 pieces per volume, in the six years to 2019, the number of new collections is 2,577.

In other words, in the past four years, there have been few new products in the Taipei National Palace.

Not only is the number of new additions limited, but it is also possible to decrease.

1 The last big inventory and the "attachment did not appear" turmoil

So far, the National Palace Museum in Taipei has carried out a total of three comprehensive inventories of the cultural relics in its collection.

The last one began in October 2008 and ended on April 27, 2012. This inventory is based on the "1990 Annual Inventory Inventory" created by the second inventory (the second inventory is from July 1989 to May 1991, described in detail in a separate article), the original "Beiping Library Inventory Catalog" and the "Cultural Relics Registration List", and the cultural relics in the collection of the institute are checked against each other.

This work, which lasted 3 years and 7 months, completed the digital archiving of the basic information and forms of all the cultural relics in the collection. According to the staff members who participated in the above-mentioned inventory, the "cultural relics box" was used as the inventory unit during the above-mentioned inventory, and the boxes were opened and counted one by one during the inventory. Taking the preservation of cultural relics as the principle of classification of cultural relics, the process of making a catalogue is very careful and rigorous, which also forms the basis for the cataloguing of museum collections today.

Three months after the end of the last inventory, the then dean Zhou Gongxin, who promoted the work, officially resigned on July 31, 2012, and the new dean, Feng Mingzhu, did not seem to have done a good job of making friends with the inventory, and the final report of the inventory was not known to the public until March 2013.

According to the museum's "97-101 Collection Inventory Record" (i.e., 2008-2012 AD), it is reported that by the end of 2011, the total number of cultural relics in the collection of the institute was 693507 pieces/volumes. Except for the newly added cultural relics, the total number is the same as the results of the second inventory in 1991.

Although the quantity is the same, there are also differences.

It is mainly reflected in the annex part of cultural relics. As a result of this inventory, 12 new utensils and accessories were added first.

Because of the need to digitally photograph and archive the cultural relics, the Artifacts Department had the opportunity to comprehensively sort out these cultural relics, and found that 12 accessories that had been separated from the main parts (including jade tops, copper shovels, coral spoons, copper galls, wooden bases, wooden boxes, Huangling, etc.);

Secondly, because of the need to scan the original Qing court archives one by one, the library and literature department found independent documents that were originally attached as attachments in the "Qing Palace Archives and Folders" and "Qing Military Aircraft Archives and Folders Appendix", and listed them separately. A total of 133 documents were added to this category.

In addition to the above-mentioned new additions, the outside world is most concerned about the loss of cultural relics exposed by this inventory.

Figure The third inventory found that the key handle was missing

Gold-plated copper-plated enamel pipa pocket watch

According to the "Collection Inventory Record", a total of five cultural relics were found to be missing attachments and fragments. Among them is the loss of the key handle of the "Clear Copper-Plated Enamel Pipa Pocket Watch" – which means that this fine pocket watch will never wind up again. (See the following table for the specific "unseen" attachments of the five cultural relics)

Although the museum used the argument that "the fragments have not been found" to try to cover up the actual situation such as "lost" and "missing", and used statements such as "the loss of the annex does not affect the value of the cultural relics themselves" to reduce the severity of the situation, the media did not forgive it, and used headlines such as "Yun Shen does not know where" to question the incident from March 2103.

The attachment of five cultural relics in the third inventory of cultural relics "not appeared" Material source: "97-101 Collection Inventory Record"

It was not until the end of 2015 that the accident came to a rough conclusion in the "Legislative Yuan".

According to the "Minutes of the 11th Plenary Meeting of the 8th Session of the 8th Session of the Education and Cultural Committee of the 'Legislative Yuan'" dated November 16, 2015, the National Palace Museum in Taipei said that the accident was "administrative negligence in the treasury collection", and the "Legislative Yuan" instructed it to improve the review and requested that the review report be sent to the Education and Cultural Commission within one month.

Just a few months before this hearing, there was an incredible power outage at the National Palace in Taipei.

In July 2015, the substation box that supplied the power supply was damaged by a fallen tree, causing a power outage for three hours at the National Palace in Taipei.

Everyone has seen a lot of treasure theft programs like "Sky Trap", and a power outage of 3 hours means that the security system has completely failed for 3 hours, which is really a golden opportunity for those who are interested in this Jiangyang thief. In addition, the cultural relics themselves require a constant temperature and humidity environment, which also raises concerns about the vulnerability of their protection equipment and environment.

Since the outbreak of the loss of cultural relics in March 2013, after 8 years, the Taipei National Palace has once again reported a series of incidents of damaged cultural relics.

2 "Three Fall Cultural Relics" and "Cutting Ancient Paintings"

According to a number of media reports, after opening the package of cultural relics on February 3, 2021 and April 7, 2022, the staff of the Taipei National Palace Museum found that the "Ming Hongzhi Style, Jiao Yellow and Green Color Shuanglong Small Bowl" and "Qing Kangxi Style, Dark Dragon Baili Small Yellow Porcelain Bowl" were damaged, and when sorting out the cultural relics on May 19, 2022, due to personnel errors, the "Qing Qianlong Blue and White Flower Plate" fell and was damaged.

It was not until October 2022 that the above incident began to ferment after it became known to the public.

Picture: Before and after the breakage, "Ming, Hongzhi, Jiao Yellow and Green Color Double Dragon Small Bowl"

Figure before and after the breakage of the "Qing Kangxi Section, Dark Dragon Baili Small Yellow Porcelain Bowl"

Figure: The broken "Qing Qianlong Blue and White Flower Plate"

In response to the accusation of "squeezing toothpaste" to hide the truth, on November 1 of that year, the National Palace Museum in Taipei issued a statement, saying that it would publish "the status of cultural relics (damaged) over the years and repair records".

The statement said: "The damage that occurred in the past two years is not an isolated case, according to the repair record data over the years, the number of ceramics sent for repair due to damage and fracture of varying severity has been assessed to be 359 pieces." ”

Two days later, the "results of administrative punishment" against those responsible were announced: In response to the accident of falling and breaking the "Qing Dynasty, Qianlong, and Blue and White Flower Plate," "two staff members were punished, and one was punished for major damage to cultural relics due to negligence in the performance of official duties, and a major demerit was recorded." The other person failed to properly take care of the proposed cultural relics box, and when there were still cultural relics in the box, he did not properly fasten the box strap, resulting in the damage to the cultural relics due to negligence of others, and was given two disciplinary sanctions. ”

In addition to the above-mentioned artifact damage incident, during the same period, the Taipei National Palace Museum was exposed to the destruction of calligraphy and painting cultural relics.

In the process of preparing for the exhibition in 2012, due to the small size of the display counter, the staff used the technique of "cutting the foot to fit the shoes", and cut out part of the left and right sides of the original mounted flower silk of the painting.

On November 6, the Taipei National Palace issued a four-point statement on this incident, the second of which said: "Regarding the section on whether the parties have been punished, after reviewing the information, there is no record of punishment for the incident. The third said: "The cultural relics that were cut out of the flower silk have no record of repairing after the incident." "For this series of cultural relics damage accidents, it was not until November 2023 that there was a final verdict.

On November 16, 2023, the Taiwan regional supervisory authority passed a proposal to correct the damage to a number of cultural relics in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and asked the administrative authority in Taiwan to urge the National Palace Museum in Taipei to review and improve. An investigation by a monitoring agency in Taiwan found that "the accumulation of debris in the warehouse and workspace of the National Palace Museum in Taipei not only lacks protective facilities, but also confuses and unclear division of labor and action routes, putting the safety of cultural relics at high risk for a long time." ”

The National Palace Museum in Taipei said that it would "review and improve with an open mind", and the main way to improve it is to cooperate with the so-called "New Palace Museum Plan" to promote the construction of standard warehouses, gradually move cultural relics from the original cave warehouses to modern new warehouses, and will also support the construction of repair room equipment.

For the "Yellow River Lanzhou Pontoon Bridge Map" that the outside world is concerned about, it is said that the cut flower silk part has been posted back before September 4, 2013, and its original framing size has been restored.

3 "Lan Qianshan Pavilion" renewal turmoil

Along with the "Three Falls of Cultural Relics" incident, the "Renewal of the Lan Qianshan Museum" incident that will detonate from 2022 will continue to push the Taipei Palace Museum into the whirlwind of public opinion, and this turmoil involves more than 300 heavyweight cultural relics stored in the outside world.

The source of the cultural relics in the National Palace Museum in Taipei is mostly the cultural relics of "moving to Taiwan" (described in detail in another article), and the new parts later include receiving cultural relics handed over by other agencies, external donations and acquisition of cultural relics.

According to the "Measures for the Collection of Museum Collections" formulated in 1969, it also began to encourage the acceptance of external deposits, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the collection.

Mr. Lin Boshou (1895-1986), then a member of the Standing Committee of the Management Committee of the Sun Yat-sen Museum, the predecessor of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, deposited 328 pieces (219 paintings and calligraphy and 109 ancient inkstones) selected from his private collection "Lan Qianshan Museum" for public exhibition in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and paid NT$1 million as a fund for the maintenance, decoration and publication of the deposited cultural relics.

The reason why it was named "Lan Qianshan Pavilion" is because Mr. Lin's collection has two of the most precious collections: "Tang Chu Suiliang Huang Juan Ben Lan Ting" and "Tang Huaisu Xiaocao Thousand Character Text", and because his mansion is in the suburbs of Taipei Caoshan (later changed to Yangmingshan), he picked one word and named it "Lan Qianshan".

As far as Wang Xizhi's calligraphy collection is concerned, the Taipei Palace Museum includes Wang Xizhi's "Fast Snow and Sunny Times" and other blockbuster collections, but only in the collection of the world's first book - "Lanting Collection Preface", although there is Ouyang Xun's copy of the Northern Song Dynasty "Dingwu Lanting" rubbing, etc., there is a lack of ink copies written by later generations, and this "Tang Chu Suiliang Yellow Silk Lanting" can just fill the gap in the collection.

Tang Chu Suiliang Huang Silk Ben Lan Pavilion

Detail of "Tang Chu Suiliang Huang Silk Benlan Pavilion".

Similarly, Huaisu's "Self-Narrative Post" hidden in the National Palace Museum in Taipei can also be complemented by "Xiaocao Thousand Character Text".

The 328 pieces of cultural relics stored in the "Lan Qianshan Museum" also include the "Su Shi Shu Du Fu Alder Poems" Fa Ti, "Song Gaozong Ci Yue Fei Batch Scroll", "Zhao Meng Guansheng Calligraphy and Painting Double Volume" and a number of authentic works of the Ming and Qing dynasties, such as the ink lotus scroll of the Bada Shanren, the picture scroll of the Qing Jin Nong Mei Shadow and so on. In addition, 109 inkstones are also mostly from the hands of famous artists, including the greenstone inkstone with the inscription of Fang Xiaoru in the early Ming Dynasty and so on.

After Mr. Lam's death in 1986, the family continued to carry forward his spirit by adding more relics to the archives, bringing the number to 349, including 133 paintings, 107 calligraphy and 109 inkstones. The new collection includes a set of 24 sketch albums by Hua Rong, a representative of the Yangzhou School of Painting in the early Qing Dynasty, which has high artistic value.

Before the expiration of the deposit contract between the two parties on October 31, 2022, the National Palace Museum in Taipei decided not to renew the contract and let the Lin family retrieve the cultural relics. In a statement, it said: "The warehouse space is limited, and the storage of its own cultural relics is already narrow, so it is not suitable to provide private free storage for many years, which consumes the resources of the Forbidden City for storage and maintenance, and crowds out the resources of its own cultural relics." ”

This kind of petty style not only made public opinion uproar, but also made many professionals choke.

The key point of contention in the non-renewal of the contract should not be the limited "warehouse space", but the abolition of the new clause of "free deposit".

In the series of "restructuring" actions contemplated by the National Palace Museum in Taipei in recent years, it is stipulated that for the deposited cultural relics, the contract needs to include "necessary storage and maintenance costs", and the depositor is required to purchase comprehensive art insurance for the cultural relics, which was not stipulated in the old system.

In fact, Lin Boshou paid NT$1 million in July 1969 as a fund for the maintenance of cultural relics, and now the total interest balance is more than NT$1.18 million.

On August 31, 2023, the National Palace Museum in Taipei issued an administrative announcement abolishing the original "Collection Collection Measures" and implementing the new "Collection Collection Operation Points", of which Article 21 stipulates: "During the deposit period, the depositor shall purchase comprehensive insurance for artworks according to the insurance value set after the review of the cultural relics deposit, and the institute shall be listed as a co-insured." ”

In 1969, the "Measures for the Collection of Museums" not only did not stipulate the insurance premium, but Article 16 of it stipulated: "The custody and maintenance of the deposited cultural relics shall be the responsibility of the Academy." ”

On September 1, 2023, the day after the implementation of the new regulations, the National Palace Museum in Taipei announced that it had reached a five-year agreement with the Lin family, and the cultural relics of the "Lan Qianshan Pavilion" will continue to be stored in the National Palace in Taipei. In fact, according to Article 18 of the "Key Points for Collection Collection", the minimum period of storage of cultural relics is five years.

And five years from now, will these artifacts be able to last forever?

As we all know, most of the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei is a cultural relic that was moved from the mainland to Taiwan at the end of the 40s of the last century.

At that time, how many cultural relics were there in the "relocation to Taiwan"? Where did they come from? And how were they counted and preserved?

We'll tell you more about that later.

This article is the first in a series of articles on "Detailed Explanation of Cultural Relics in the National Palace Museum in Taipei", some of the materials in the article are taken from relevant websites, only for the purpose of learning and Xi exchanges, please do not reprint and use for any commercial purposes.

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