In many cases, whether there is an abnormality in the human body can be judged by the individual's excretion, but it is often easy to overlook. Mr. Chen, 34, has been running to the toilet frequently in the evenings recently, and he can still find bubbles in his urine after going to the toilet, but Mr. Chen does not care.
Fortunately, the unit soon arranged for the employee to have a physical examination, and the results of the examination showed that Mr. Chen's body was abnormal, and the creatinine data was a bit high, and the doctor suggested a detailed examination to prevent kidney disease, but Mr. Chen still did not pay attention to it and felt that he was not feeling unwell.
It wasn't until my daily life was seriously affected that I realized that there was something wrong with my body, and I went to the hospital for a check-up, and there was no doubt that I was diagnosed with uremia. Mr. Chen regretted very much that he did not go for a physical examination in the early days, and dragged out uremia.
1. Uremia
Uremia is a late manifestation of renal failure, which is mainly manifested by edema, loss of appetite, and frequent urination. The acid-base balance of water and electrolytes in patients with advanced renal failure is disordered, and a large number of metabolites and toxins accumulate, causing a series of clinical symptoms, and then uremia occurs. Uremia is not a separate disease that affects the body to manifest a range of clinical symptoms.
Clinical presentation:
1. Metabolic acidosis: renal dysfunction in the late stage of renal failure, a large amount of acidic metabolites can not be excreted, and then cause "acidosis".
2. Water and electrolyte balance disorders: when patients have oliguria and do not restrict water intake, the body is prone to water and sodium retention, edema and increased blood pressure; when patients urinate a lot and limit water intake, or secondary diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms, the body is deficient in water and sodium. The kidneys' ability to excrete potassium decreases, which can easily lead to hyperkalemia, and when a large amount of potassium is ingested, or acidosis, infection, etc., hyperkalemia is more likely to occur; sometimes insufficient potassium intake, or gastrointestinal loss of more potassium, can also lead to hypokalemia. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders are also a manifestation of renal dysfunction, and renal insufficiency mainly causes symptoms of excessive phosphorus and calcium deficiency.
In addition to the above main symptoms, uremia can also be complicated by disorders of various systems in the body, such as disorders of metabolism of proteins, sugars and fats, as well as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, nervous system diseases and bone diseases. Cardiovascular disease is a relatively serious disease in the subconscious, so uremia may be understood as a more terrible disease than cardiovascular disease, and it develops rapidly, and sometimes the treatment simply "can't catch up" with the disease development speed, which is often the most terrible place.
2. Diagnosis
The early symptoms of uremia are easy to be ignored, such as vomiting, fatigue, and frequent nocturia in the early stage, and gradually becoming oliguria, increased blood pressure, edema, and those with a history of renal dysfunction or nephritis, diabetes, gout, etc.
Most uremia patients have symptoms of anemia, hypertension, edema of the face or lower limbs, jugular venous distention, shallow and rapid breathing, and changes in heart rate.
3. How to judge uremia in the early stage
The loss of appetite in patients with early uremia is easy to ignore, and the early poor appetite is mainly due to the accumulation of urotoxins affecting the digestive system, and over time, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, and even abnormal stool will occur.
Early symptoms of hypertension and bleeding should be suspicious of uremia. In the early stage, there are also manifestations such as fatigue, body edema, nocturia, and anemia.
IV. Dialysis
Dialysis is often the last treatment for uremia patients, and dialysis only excretes harmful substances and excess metabolites from the body, and it is not expected that dialysis can solve the problem, and special attention should be paid to diet.
Uremia patients are basically oliguric and anuria in the late stage, and special attention should be paid to controlling water intake, otherwise it is easy to lead to complications of hypertension and heart failure. Dialysis once a week with 100 mL or less per day, twice a week with 300 mL or less per day, and 3 times a week with 500 mL or less per day.
Uremia patients who have been receiving dialysis treatment for a long time should pay attention to the detection of potassium content, and the harm of hyperkalemia to patients is relatively serious, so potassium intake should be strictly controlled. Dialysis treatment will lose some of the protein in the body, and a moderate amount of protein can be supplemented, and if a large amount of protein is consumed, it can cause azopidemia.
5. How to prolong the life expectancy of uremia patients
Often, the uremia condition can be delayed with a few measures.
1. Active treatment for the condition. The kidney is very important to the human body, and if there is a problem with kidney function, it is easy to affect the health of the whole body, and it is easy to aggravate the kidney condition in turn, so it is necessary to actively treat the factors that exacerbate the deterioration of the kidney. If hypertension is present, antihypertensive drugs are used, infection control is required when infection occurs, and disorders of acid-base balance of water and electrolytes should be treated aggressively.
2. Patients with uremia should be mainly based on a low-protein diet from an early stage.
3. While taking antihypertensive drugs, lipid-lowering drugs should be added if necessary.
6. Beware of "bad smells" in the body
1. Bad breath
When the kidney function is abnormal, the urea in the body increases, and the urea will decompose ammonia, carrying the smell of urine, and the mouth is prone to peculiar smell, similar to "urine smell".
2. Smelly urine
Normal people's urine has a "smell", kidney function is reduced, urine is easy to be adulterated with bacteria, metabolic toxins, and urine presents a foul odor.
7. For kidney health care, we should "don't do more than two"
The kidneys play a very important role in the human body, and a quarter of the work of the human body is the kidneys in operation, so it is very important to protect the kidneys.
1. Don't sit for long periods of time and stay up late
Staying up late will disrupt the rhythm of people's life and disrupt the operation of the physical health system; sitting for a long time is easy to aggravate the waist force, which is harmful to the kidneys, and the so-called "overwork hurts the body", so it is necessary to avoid staying up late and sitting for a long time.
2. Don't take your medicine indiscriminately
The body ingests any substance and eventually needs the kidneys to metabolize out of the body, the drug always has certain side effects, indiscriminate taking of medicine will cause damage to the kidneys, the body is not suitable to follow the doctor's instructions to use the drug, do not blindly take medicine.
3. Drink plenty of water
The human body will ingest a lot of substances every day, and drinking more water can help the body speed up metabolism, help the body excrete toxins, and reduce the burden on the body.
summary
In recent years, many people have more or less some kidney problems, which are not taken seriously in the early stage, and eventually lead to the deterioration of the condition and the formation of uremia as the disease progresses.
In the early stage, we should be alert to the symptoms of bad breath and smelly urine, and there will also be frequent urination, anemia, fatigue and other manifestations, and the body should be checked in time.
Most patients in the late stage of uremia are painful, and the damage to the kidneys is more serious, if you want to avoid uremia, you should exercise more, work and rest regularly, drink more water, and take care of the kidneys, starting from small things.