Nowadays, there are many ways for everyone to make a living, such as the old saying "three hundred and sixty lines, the best in the line", everyone can walk out of a "bright road" in their own industry.
But in the past, there were not as many livelihood industries as now, many people relied on farming to survive, and only a very few people relied on a craft to gain a foothold in the world, they were called the "Eight Great Craftsmen", and the first place was called "Ghost Doesn't Linger".
Today, let's take a look at what magical powers these "eight masters" have, and who is the number one?
Tailor
In the past, the tailor also had a name called "tailor", as the name suggests, he mainly corresponded to clothes, in the past, people wore clothes were basically sewn by tailors with a needle and a thread.
Compared with the development of scientific and technological products now, machines make hundreds of clothes are made of hundreds of pieces, and in the previous era of material scarcity, many people are only barely able to eat, for the new clothes can not be seen from a distance, as the saying goes, "three years, three years, sewing and mending for another three years", that is, the clothes are broken to find a tailor to repair.
Unlike now, when you go out, you can see clothing stores everywhere, the clothes inside are even more dazzling, very beautiful, and you can buy them whenever you want, but in the last century, many families waited until the New Year, bought two pieces of cloth, and then found a skilled tailor to make a new dress for the New Year for the child, and to make it bigger, so that it could be worn for two more years.
Today, there are still many tailors in the world, but now they are divided into two factions, one Chinese tailor and one Western tailor, and the fee is still very high, no longer the popular tailor of the past.
Shaver
The shaver is also known as the "shaver" and "edict" in ancient times, as the name suggests, it is a haircut, a person who repairs hair, in the streets and alleys of the last century, you can often hear them carrying a burden and shouting.
It is not only to provide shaving, but also cleansing, shaving and other skills, they also carry the burden is also very saying, one end is convenient for customers to wash their hair, clean the face of the tools, such as face plates, towels, stoves, etc., the other end is a small cabinet, which contains haircut and face trimming tools, such as clippers, razors, combs, scissors, etc., they are the tools they carry with them to bring satisfactory service to customers.
Tools are only one of them, if you want to earn a good reputation, the most important thing is technology, every senior shaver, need to master 16 kinds of skills, such as "combing, weaving, shaving, pinching, scraping, taking, hammering, pressing, digging, cutting, picking, dyeing, splicing, living, comforting, mending", to meet the different needs of different customers.
Every professional shaver will ask customers about their preferences and ideas before shaving, and after learning a few things, they will do it, just to bring the best service to customers.
But now that technology has developed, electric clippers have occupied the barber market, many people choose to get a haircut in a barber shop, and the profession of shaver has gradually dissipated from the public's field of vision.
Feltmaker
The felt craftsman is also nicknamed "wool craftsman", mainly popular in northern Shaanxi, which is suitable for agriculture and animal husbandry, and the fur resources are strong, and the main craft is to roll felt, a very ancient skill, that is, wool, camel hair, oyster hair processing into felt, which first originated in the fifth century BC.
Rolling felt is a very cumbersome skill, there are as many as 12 kinds of tools needed, there are bows, bow movers, bamboo curtains, sprinkles, pressure fans, curtain cores, steel hooks, five feet, string trimming knives, talk about hair cases, wash felt cases, and the operation process is required 13 times, elastic hair, hair spraying, water spraying, oil spraying, bean noodles, wool, felt, felt, felt, untouching, indispensable, (some people need 17 processes more than 4 small processes).
After 13 processes, a piece of felt is done, felt is generally divided into four kinds of spring felt, sand felt, autumn felt and cotton felt, of which autumn felt and cotton felt are in the best condition, many people will come in winter or when children get married, do a few of these felts.
However, now that everyone is gradually Xi to sleeping in bed, they have gradually forgotten about felt, and the felt-making industry has gradually dissipated from the public's vision, and the skill of rolling felt is about to be lost.
Seal Master
Crafting is a special craft trade, it is the only trade that can be learned Xi even with lower limb disabilities, mainly in areas where bamboo is no longer abundant, and it was once all the rage.
Its main craft is to use bamboo as raw material to make various agricultural tools or household items, such as bamboo baskets, sieves, mats and so on.
The tools used by the craftsman are saws, knives, planers, etc., all of which are tools in hand, and his skills are all in his hands, and each craftsman must cut, saw, cut, cut, pull, pry, weave, weave, sharpen, and grind, and only after these basic skills are solid can he live.
Generally, the carpenter works to find a complete bamboo first, and then take out the saw to saw, take the required part, and then use the knife to split the bamboo into strips, and planer the bamboo strips into bamboo pieces or bamboo silk little by little, these processed bamboos are also called "bamboo strips".
Later, the craftsman made these bamboo strips into different bamboo strips, and it was difficult to learn from a good master for a few years under this set of procedures.
These craftsmen also because of the perennial dealings with bamboo strips, their hands have long been covered with calluses and a series of bamboo strip scratched wounds, but with the entry of plastic products into the market, gradually replaced the status of bamboo strip products, many craftsmen have disappeared from the public's field of vision, only a small number of carpenters, changed to do bamboo strip handicrafts, in the world.
bricklayer
The bricklayer is also called "mason", also known as "mud man", the main process is to make tiles, that is, the tiles on the roof to protect from the wind and rain, are all from the hands of the bricklayer.
The bricklayer is a very hard work, the process is very cumbersome, the general bricklayer will first find out the soil suitable for making tiles, and then after cleaning, the small stones inside or something to get rid of, and then after the grinding tool shaping, drying, firing, and finally out of the oven, so that a piece of tile is born, these processes are indispensable, and also according to the standard, otherwise the tiles can not be used.
In the past, many villages would build a tile kiln, and the people from their own villages were working in it, and they not only made tiles for every household to protect from the wind and rain, but also the pillars of their own homes, so they were very respected by the masses.
Now the bricklayer is still alive, but he has become a mason, and his work is different from before, from making tiles to laying bricks and tiles.
blacksmith
Blacksmithing also belongs to an ancient profession, mainly to make iron weapons and production tools, in ancient times, the soldiers of various dynasties were continuous, blacksmiths became a necessary personnel for every army.
Generally, blacksmiths have a blacksmith shop, there is a large stove in this shop, and then put a bellows next to it, and then find a suitable piece of iron and put it into the furnace to burn, use the bellows to control the size of the fire, and wait until the iron is burned red, take out the square with a clamp and put it on the iron felt to temper, wait until the temperature goes down, bake it in the fire, and repeat the operation, in the middle of which you should also pay attention to the carving of the shape, and finally make a piece of the required weapons or farm tools, "striking while the iron is hot" is the blacksmith.
Striking iron is a very high technical work, pay attention to a quick eye disease, careful, every process can not be wrong, otherwise the previous efforts will be wasted.
In ancient times, blacksmiths were generally very strong men to work, few women were willing to do this industry, now most of the iron products have become a unified factory manufacturing, high efficiency, good looks, so many blacksmiths have gradually changed careers.
Stoneman
Stonemasonry was mainly popular in the last century, mainly to create stone products such as stone mills, stone walls, stone carvings and tombstones in front of the house, and is the oldest profession in history.
In the last century, many families would first invite stonemasons to come to their homes to take a look, and then build some stones to build houses, or stone walls in the fields to keep water back, and some large families will also ask stone walls to create some stone carvings and thresholds at the door.
Stonemasons and blacksmiths are almost the same, they are hammered out by hammer, but the stonemason has one more chisel, and the chisel is also divided into two types: a large chisel and a thin chisel.
However, now that high-tech products have appeared, the machine knocks on the stone cloth stonemasons quickly, which greatly reduces the workload of stonemasons, and many stonemasons can only barely support their families.
carpenter
As the saying goes, "ten craftsmen are nine difficult to deal with, but carpenters are not entangled", here is difficult because for a period of time at that time, craftsmen were looked down upon, and some people asked them to do their work, and then these people kept pestering them to ask for more wages.
And the carpenter's "ghost is difficult" is because in the past, there were relatively few carpenters, so some people said that the carpenter knew witchcraft, and the axe in his hand was even afraid of ghosts, and then when many people invited carpenters to work at home, not only did they pay enough, but also entertained them with delicious food and drink.
In the past, most of people's houses were made of wood, so the carpenter industry was very important, but the skills of this industry were very cumbersome, and there were many tools used, and there were more than 20 kinds of known tools, such as saws, planers, files, chisels, etc., which are now used to build houses, and most of them are handed down by carpenters.
In the countryside, the carpenter's profession is more important than any profession, and the furniture and even the house used by every household are made by the carpenter, so he ranks first among the "eight craftsmen".