Close to the dragon's ears without horns to listen, but to see people kissing and kissing.
Sometimes the horse is asked to the sheep, sneering at the crowd.
This is a self-deprecating poem written by the elderly Pu Songling. When he was older and deaf, many times he could only see other people's mouths moving but did not know what they were saying, and when answering questions, he was even more untouched by the bull's head, which often caused the laughter of onlookers.
After the deafness of hearing, the blows followed, and his wife Liu Shi died suddenly due to illness, and then his two grandchildren also contracted smallpox and died. Pu Songling was more and more touched by the dismal years of the wind and candles.
On the way back to life, if there is anything that cannot be put down, it is "Chatting with Zhiyi". Throughout his life, he did not see the publication of "Liaozhai" in the world, which was a pity for his life.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, "Zhiyi" book into a laugh, cloth robe Xiao Suo sideburns like silk</h1>
The cold wind whistled and the lamp beans swayed. Pu Songling opened "Liaozhai" and began decades of patchwork, if there is no accident, this should be the last time he will read and review this book in his life. When his gaze stayed on Ye Sheng, he sighed softly. What is on the books is not only the story, but also his obsession.
In Luoyang, Henan, there is a scholar surnamed Ye who is good at writing and lexically. The local governor Ding Chenghe was shocked to see his article and thought that he would be able to go to high school, so he was very courteous.
Soon, Duke Ding was dismissed from his post for disobeying Shangguan. Before returning to the east, he wrote a letter to Ye Sheng to say goodbye, and at that time, Ye Sheng was seriously ill and incurable, and he had entered the state of death, so naturally it was impossible to go to say goodbye.
Without seeing Ye Sheng, Ding Gong couldn't bear to leave, so he spent a few days in the apartment. Suddenly, a few days later, Ye Sheng was in good health and came to visit. Ding Gong was overjoyed and immediately asked him to teach his 16-year-old son.
Ye Sheng taught well, Ding Gongzi learned well, and after only one year, Ding Gongzi won xiucai and entered the county school.
After that, Ding Gongzi was admitted all the way to jinshi, and took Ye Sheng to guozijian to study. After having the identity of the Guozi Supervisor, Ye Sheng went to participate in the scientific expedition again, and indeed he easily won the lift.
When Rong returned to his hometown, the closer he got to his hometown, the more desolate Ye Sheng's expression became. By the time he saw the ruined and depressed portal, his face could already be described as miserable.
The wife was walking out of the house with a dustpan, and after seeing Ye Sheng, the dustpan fell to the ground.
Ye Sheng smiled as if crying, "I've been lifted now." Why haven't you seen me for three or four years and don't know me? ”
The wife stood in the distance and said, "You have been dead for a long time, how can you say that you are noble again?" The reason why your coffin has been parked and not buried is because the family is poor and the son is too young. Now that his son Ada is an adult, he is about to choose a cemetery to bury you. Please don't make a fuss to scare the living. ”
Ye Sheng slowly walked into the house and saw the parked coffin before he truly believed that he was dead.
Ye Sheng was undoubtedly a tragic figure under the cruelty of the Imperial Examination. Although the story has long been familiar to the heart, Pu Songling cannot avoid "reading it and crying for it".
Without him, Shusheng's cruel fantasies illuminated Pu Songling's pathetic career as a scholar.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, the illusion of the clouds, a lifetime of hugging has not been opened. </h1>
At the age of 19, Pu Songling won the three yuan in the provincial examination, the county examination, and the Provincial Examination, and won the Xiucai Examination, becoming a famous talent in Zichuan County.
He also received the blue eye of Shangguan Shi Yanzhang for writing an article called "Early Rise" in the Taoist examination, which was stinging greedily and abusively, and did not attach the eight strands of literary customs.
Pu Songling became a student of Shi Yanzhang, and the future seemed to be full of hope, but fate made people, and the township test became a barrier that he had never been able to cross in his life.
The township examination is held every three years. For three years and three years, Pu Songling broke the sand again and again on the battlefield of the township test.
The endless waiting, the rising and shattering hopes, and the reality of poverty constantly grind his spirit and will. But Pu Songling was stronger than Ye Sheng, and these hardships did not defeat him.
He always remembered what his father Pu Yu said to him in the early years, pointing to the tomb of his ancestors, "This is the old ancestor of our Pu family, all of whom were dignitaries and dignitaries in the Yuan Dynasty, and our family's generation only produced your one reading seed, you may want to win glory for the family!" ”
He also could not forget his wife's silent dedication and Yin Yin's care, watching his wife's delicate hands gradually become thick and yellow folds, he swore in his heart more than once - he must be an official and give her a good life.
He couldn't forget that he was full of pride and full of belly to learn, he hated the decay of the officialdom, he also hated the officials to rule the darkness, and he always wanted to show his ambitions.
This is the whole belief that has sustained him through the long and bumpy road of the imperial examination.
At the age of 48, he took the township examination for the sixth time, and after years of tempering and research, he was very confident. In the cramped room, he was full of vigor and vigor, and the next pen was smoky and cloudy, and the pen fell like a bird back to the phoenix.
And when he reached the last page, he suddenly cried with a headache. He found himself making a fatal mistake — he had crossed the line.
The Eight Shares Exam has strict requirements. Twelve lines per page, twenty-five words per line, must be written according to page numbers 1, 2, and 3.
Pu Songling had been preparing for this exam for so long that he was too excited in the exam, and after writing the first page, he quickly turned it over, and turned it over with the second page, directly on the third page. His exam paper became invalid and was simply invalidated, and he did not have a chance to come again.
At the age of 51, he went on another expedition. After the first exam, he had been appointed as the first place, but in the second game, he suddenly fell ill and could not even hold the brush. In desperation, he could only abandon the exam to save his life.
These were the two closest he had come to success, but it was a pity that they all failed. His resentment can be imagined. His wife feared that he would be extremely sad and hurt, so she persuaded him to give up the scientific expedition.
Liu Shi said, "Don't try again, if you are destined to be an official, it is long overdue for you to be an official." The mountains and forests have the pleasure of the mountains, so why chase after the illusory riches? ”
Pu Songling was not reconciled and always wanted to continue, and Liu Repeatedly dissuaded him and insisted on rejecting those illusory riches. Under the persuasion of his old wife, he finally died of heart. After that, he devoted all his energy to tinkering with "Liaozhai Zhiyi".
Set armpits for Qiu, the record of the underworld in vain; the floating white pen, only into a book of loneliness and anger! It is also sad to send such a message.
In "Liaozhai", we can see Pu Songling's strong feelings of lifting people. Whether it is the sad obsession of the soul from the confidant and death without knowing in "Ye Sheng", or the "prince An" in "Prince An" "like a beggar before entering, like a prisoner after entering, a cold bee in the number room, a sick bird out of the cage, a list like a monkey that has been tied up, a fly that listens to the list like a poison-eating fly, and a dream rich as a dove to re-nest." The spicy laughter, or the darkness of the officialdom in "Si Wenlang" and the bone-deep criticism of the literati, all reflect his profound reflection on the imperial examination and life.
Every story is his lifelong hatred; every story is his life trust; every story is his self-reconciliation.
The Dharma has the idea of "breaking attachments," which sounds joyful and easy to say, but he spends his whole life experiencing the suffering of nirvana.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three, 100 years old unknown who died, he said old words to hurt God</h1>
The lamp was cold late at night, the candle was full of wax, and the "poof" was extinguished, however, no one would add candles to his cloak anymore, and his wife Liu Shi had already gone before him.
Pu Songling's fingers crossed "Nie Xiaoqian", "Baby Ning", "Hongyu", "Jiaona"... There was an imperceptible yearning in his eyes, and his love was hidden in those words.
There was a scholar in Jiangsu named Chen Xijiu, who was betrothed to the eldest daughter of the rich Zhou family. In the early years, the Chen family was well-off, but later it gradually declined.
The Zhou clan hated the defeat of Chen Xijiu's family and wanted to repent, so they went to lobby their eldest daughter. The eldest daughter resolutely disagreed with the promise, so Zhou put on the old clothes for the eldest daughter and sent them to Chen Xijiu's house.
The Zhou family was tired and unwilling, so they came to the Chen family many times to make trouble, asked the Chen family to divorce their wives, and gave zhou women food boxes many times to humiliate Chen's mother, and finally gathered many people to come to find quarrels and fights, forcing Zhou women to bid farewell to the Chen family.
After returning home, Zhou Nu cried on the wall and fought against a hunger strike. Her loyalty touched Father Chen under the Nine Springs, and with the help of Father Chen, she was able to stay with Chen Xijiu again.
The word "loyalty" is the concept of marriage that runs through "Liaozhai", and it is also a true portrayal of Pu Songling's wife Liu Shi.
Liu's personality is obedient and very pleasing to her in-laws, but it has also become a thorn in the eyes of the two sisters-in-law, and she is highly suspected.
Family discord and can only be separated. The brother and sister-in-law seized the good tools of the good house, and Pu Songling only got three broken houses, with no four walls and a full courtyard.
The family property was so thin, Pu Songling and Liu's life immediately fell into difficulty. Coupled with the birth of four children in succession, they have been in a precarious situation.
In order to make a living, Pu Songling could only go away and teach in the library. After a few mouthfuls, frequent fierce years, the burden of family affairs was all pressed on Liu's shoulders.
From a young age, Liu shi used spinning and weaving to rub hemp rope to subsidize the family, and when he was older, he did not want to give up the job, and over time he fell into the problem of arm pain.
The family is poor, it is difficult to taste meat, occasionally there is some meat, Liu shi has never been willing to eat, must be left to the husband who teaches outside, therefore, usually left to keep it is corrupt.
Pu Songling has repeatedly failed to succeed in decades, and Liu Shi has not complained at all, and has been working silently, taking care of children, taking care of the family and in-laws.
For Liu Shi, Pu Songling is grateful. There is not only love and affection between them, but also grace. Because of this, Pu Songling would compose seven mourning poems in a row after Liu's death, and wept bitterly several times.
Throughout the "Liaozhai Zhiyi", there is not only the projection of marital loyalty, but also Pu Songling's thinking and exploration of the relationship between men and women.
In "Jiaona", Kong Gongzi married Songniang, but eventually resonated with Jiaona spiritually.
In reality, Pu Songling respected his wife Liu Shi, but developed similar feelings with Gu Qingxia, Sun Hui's concubine in Zhi County, Baoying County.
Liu Shi didn't understand Wen Mo, didn't understand "Liaozhai Zhiyi", and would not talk about Zhai slang songs, but Gu Qingxia understood.
Gu Qingxia was good at poetry and painting, young and beautiful, and had become a prostitute in her early years, and Sun Hui took her as a concubine when she was in Zhi County. Sun Hui had many concubines, and his wife was also fierce, so Gu Qingxia's situation was not good.
After Pu Songling became Sun Hui's guest of honor, he met Gu Qingxia and was very sorry for the situation of this talented woman in Jiangnan.
Qingxia learned poetry from Pu Songling, and Pu Songling was also willing to discuss with her. As time went on, Pu Songling developed subtle feelings for Qingxia and wrote 19 poems about Qingxia.
Qingxia is like the prototype of Juana. The article "Juana" has a special significance for Pu Songling. Whenever he tasted "Jiaona", Pu Songling would always sigh: "Yu Yu Kong sheng does not envy his beautiful wife, but envy his tired friends." Looking at its appearance, you can cure hunger; listening to its voice can relieve it. When this good friend is obtained, when the feast is discussed, then 'the soul is given and the 'yu sheng' is 'upside down'. ”
This is the core idea of "Juana", and it is also Pu Songling's concept of love - spiritual fit is better than physical intercourse.
Pu Songling and Gu Qingxia can be counted as pure platonic interactions. Many times, when recalling his feelings with Qingxia, Pu Songling will also fall into confusion. He didn't know whether they were friends or lovers, or both, after all, the boundaries between confidants and lovers had always been blurred.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, hate and ignorance in this life, even if it is not famous enough to mourn</h1>
Pu Songling continued a candle, and the orange flame jumped on the desk again. In his bleak and dull life, he also had a close friend who wrapped his life like a candle.
There is a "Wang Liulang" in "Liaozhai Zhiyi", which is to celebrate precious friendship:
The fishermen poured wine into the river every day to worship, and the water ghost king Rokuro appeared to meet each other, and the two became friends.
One day, King Rokuro said goodbye to the fisherman, saying that there was about to be a substitute ghost to take his place, and he was about to reincarnate.
The next day, a woman with a baby in her arms was walking by the river, and for some reason she fell into the water, and as she struggled, the baby was thrown on the embankment and cried.
The woman struggled and soon came out of the water, picked up the child and left.
The fisherman witnessed the whole process and asked Wang Liulang why he gave up the opportunity to reincarnate that night. Wang Liulang said that listening to the baby's cries was unbearable.
Soon after, Wang Liulang came to bid farewell again: "I was kind enough to move the Heavenly Emperor last time, so I was recruited as the land of Wu Town in Zhaoyuan County. I'm about to take office, and if you don't forget our friendship, come and see me. ”
The fisherman immediately packed his bags and headed east. When they arrived in Zhaoyuan, the villagers rushed to entertain the fishermen, and when they asked, they said that the gods and people would entrust them.
At night, Wang Liulang dreamed of talking with the fishermen. At the time of parting, a whirlwind hovered on the side of the fisherman, not dispersing for ten miles.
The valuable thing about Wang Liulang is that he is in a high position but does not forget his old friends.
Pu Songling had many friends in this life, the "Three Friends of Yingzhong" in his youth, Shi Yanzhang, who was also a teacher and a friend, and Sun Hui, a county official when he traveled to study and sat on the curtain, but only Wang Shizhen could get a confidant.
Pu Songling is a down-and-out talent, and Wang Shizhen is the leader of the literary circle. The two had a huge disparity in status but admired each other, became close friends with each other, and corresponded for many years.
After reading "Liaozhai Zhiyi", Wang Shizhen wrote a poem to give to Pu Songling:
The aunt listens to the vain words, and the bean shed melon rack rains like silk.
It is expected that he should be tired of being a human language and love to listen to the autumn grave ghosts singing.
Decades of buried creation, only cold rain and cold lights as a companion, the world has a lot of confusion about his creation, even friends agree that writing "Liaozhai" delayed his examination.
"What you hate in this life is ignorant of yourself, even if you don't become famous, you don't mourn!" This is Pu Songling's voice, what is sad about not being famous in this life? All he was worried about was that no one understood him, and no one understood "Liaozhai".
However, fortunately, there is still Wang Shizhen in the world, and he has penetrated the true and illusory, intoxicating love-hate irony in "Liaozhai", and also read Pu Songling's depressed hatred and helplessness that seems to be hughed.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, the girl who speaks in vain listens to it, and the bean shed melon rack rains like silk</h1>
The sky is dark, and the chickens are chirping at dawn. Pu Songling put away "Liaozhai" and felt the pain between his chest and ribs. Since the fifth day of the first day of the sacrifice of his father, he has suffered from wind and cold, coughing and wheezing in the town, and now he has added rib pain.
He asked himself: Is there anything in the world that can be done but not done? He thought of his fourth brother, Crane Ling. The evening scene of Crane Ling was very miserable, and Pu Songling felt that this was because he had not fulfilled his brother's responsibilities, and felt uneasy in his heart, so he asked his son to take Crane Ling to live.
The two of them are connected to the bed, and they warm up their brotherly feelings. On the twenty-second day of the first month, Heling died, and on the afternoon of the same day, at the request of Pu Songling, his family helped him to the window.
Dead branches and residual snow, cold spring material. Pu Songling looked at the ice and snow that had not melted, and passed away with a sense of Geng Jie.
#国学新知识 #
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