"If I hadn't worked hard enough, I would have retired a long time ago"
Many young people are chanting this sentence in their mouths.
The image comes from the Internet
Going to work until "glorious retirement" is a symbol of honor for the older generation. And for the younger generation, it is like an "arsenic" smeared with honey.
For the new generation of young people, they will not worry about life problems, and they have also begun to pursue quality of life. What they want is a "paradise" without punching cards, oppression without performance, and no overtime.
But reality is like a enchanting white bone, holding up cold water without hesitation and splashing your face.
Because there is no one who can achieve wealth freedom before the age of 30, or semi-free young people.
So, in this respect, the aspirations of young people and older generations are unprecedentedly aligned: when will they retire?
01
The Retirement of the Ancients before the Middle Ages - "Begging Bones"
According to today's human life expectancy, thirty or forty years old is the year of fighting, and efforts should be made to open up. But the huge pressure of society has given us, the social animals who have worked for many years, who have been repeatedly ravaged by Party A's father, the idea of early retirement.
Some people even want to travel back to ancient times, working at sunrise and resting at sunset, "shepherds drive calves back, hunting horses and birds returning." Looking at each other without acquaintance, long song Huai Tse-wei. ”
In fact, there was also a retirement system in ancient times, and there were no companies or factories at that time, so retirement in ancient times was mainly for civil servants.
In ancient times, retirement was also called "Zhi Shi" or "Zhi Zheng", and the Book of Shang records: "The doctor is seventy and zhi shi, and he is old in the township." The Book of Rites has clouds: "Fifty and knightly, sixty do not study in person, seventy to the government." ”
In ancient times, the legal retirement age for officials was seventy years old, and when they reached the age, they could resign and return to their hometowns to support themselves in their old age.
Image from "The Legend of Chu Han"
However, "people live seventy years old", many people do not live to be seventy years old at all, that is to say, many of these court masters directly worked until death.
In Su Shi's sentence "The old man talks about the juvenile madness", he called himself "old man", and he was only 38 years old at the time.
Yes, many officials who have become physically poor in old age are not yet seventy years old, which is very difficult.
During the Western Han Dynasty, the crown prince Fu Shuguang, because of his advanced age, wrote to the emperor to request retirement with his nephew so that an old bone could be buried in his hometown.
The emperor was also very moved to think that this old minister had been serving the country all his life, so he made an exception and allowed it.
It can be seen from this that in ancient times, officials could not take the initiative to retire, and the ancients who became officials were to serve the emperor and contribute to the country, unless they were weak in old age and had to retire, they could apply to the emperor, and they must get the approval of the emperor.
Therefore, ancient officials had to repeatedly ask the king for approval if they wanted to retire, so retirement was figuratively called "begging bones", and this saying slowly spread later.
In addition, in addition to the mandatory requirements of retirement age, the Han Dynasty also stipulated that officials with an annual salary of more than two thousand stones could receive 30% of the salary of Feng Lu as a pension after retirement, and low-level officials were not qualified.
02
Retirement after the Tang and Song dynasties - differentiated pension
In the Tang Dynasty, after the retirement of officials, the meritorious yuanxun needed to go through the special approval of the emperor and could enjoy 100% of the service as a pension, and the only difference before and after retirement was that there was no power;
Image from "Zhenguan Long Song"
Retired officials above the level of five officials are given "half a salary", that is, 50% of the salary during the period of service;
There is no pension below the level of Liupin officials, and a certain amount of land will be given as compensation.
The earliest document to record the word "retirement" is also Han Yueming's Han Yueming of the Tang Dynasty: "Fuzhi Fu Order" Han Yu: "Retire in residence, as "Fuzhi Fu".
Later, the word "retirement" was inherited and applied by later generations, and the Song Dynasty also recognized this concept of "retirement" hundreds of years later.
Image from "Qing Ping Le"
"The Biography of Song Shi Han Zhen": "Retired for fifteen years, refused personnel affairs, read books and poems to entertain themselves".
Speaking of the Song Dynasty, it was the happiest era for officials.
In addition to still being generous in terms of treatment, officials are promoted to the first level when they retire, and even if they have retired, they can also participate in politics and deliberations.
Most of the Song dynasty officials did not return to their hometowns after retirement, but settled down in Luoyang, near the capital, and built mansions and gardens.
But when it came to Boss Zhu, the officials had a hard time, although the chairman of zhu ming group very humanely lowered the retirement age to 60 years old, but did not give a pension", after investigation and identification of retired officials' families are too poor, they reluctantly gave a "pension subsidy": "There is a division to give two stones to mi, and he will die."
Although the salary is low, there are some privileges: exemption from taxes and servitude for retired officials.
03
The retirement of the ancients
After the Tang and Song dynasties, the imperial court often encouraged officials to retire for the sake of the benign development of the official ranks.
Of course, there are exceptions, such as Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty, who applied for retirement several times, but was retained by the imperial court. Because of Guo Shoujing's professional ability, no one can replace him.
Retired officials, in any case, have conditions that are unmatched by ordinary people, and they have enough time and energy to start another life.
Most of them will practice religion when they retire, and they will devote themselves to praying for themselves and their families. After all, Fame and Fortune himself have already experienced it, and the rest of his life is to hope that he will live a long life and his family will be safe.
Believing in the Buddha is not only a way to cultivate the mind, but also a way to put an end to the emperor's suspicions.
For example, Ming Taizu deliberately misremembered Li Shanchang's age, suggesting that Li Shanchang retired early, and even if he retired, Li Shanchang was still executed.
Image from "Zhu Yuanzhang"
In addition, in addition to the condition of age, retired officials do not like to look at people's faces in the official field, such as Tao Yuanming.
There are even losers in political struggles who are sidelined in the bureaucracy and have to retire early.
They often choose to be attached to the landscape, build private gardens or go sightseeing, and such retired officials are also the main creators of landscape idyllic poetry.
This is the same as the idea of our contemporaries, who now live in the hustle and bustle of the city, running for life and work, and when they are old, they hope to be able to travel around and fulfill their youthful aspirations.
However, although some officials are retired, they will still have other side income in addition to their pensions.
After Li Dongyang retired, he often wrote articles to others to make money, when Li Dongyang slackened off, as long as the wife said that the price was much higher than usual, Li Dongyang immediately had momentum.
It can be seen that the retirement life of ancient officials is still relatively rich, and when they are young, their energy is spent in the official struggle, and after retirement, they can find themselves and enjoy the joy of life.
04
Travel through antiquity? It is better to be a head of the qian than to continue to be a social animal
Except for officials, ordinary people do not have to go to work and do not retire, and they are open all year round.
"Plant a grain of millet in the spring, harvest ten thousand seeds in the autumn," the ancient people in order to support their families, their lives depended on the land.
Leaving aside natural disasters and soldiers, as long as it is normal, they are "hoeing day at noon, sweat drops down the soil." ”
If they only had to guarantee the family rations every year, they might have a lot easier.
But the imperial court did not give you this opportunity, as a household qi people, you have to pay taxes to the imperial court.
In addition to normal taxation, the imperial court often apportioned and exploited indefinitely.
"Mulberry waste to Pay Taxes, Pastoral Desolation Still Levy Miao," even if you hide in the mountains and old forests, "you should avoid the levy without any means." ”
It was too easy for the court to find you, and the attitude of the court was: Mine is mine, and yours is also mine.
In this way, it is "there is no idle field in the four seas, and the farmer is starving to death." ”
In fact, today's society has given us more choices.
Whether it is job security within the system or the independent choice of freelancers, it is enough to achieve sufficient fairness in self-worth realization and exchange for work.
So what are your options? Do you want to retire and enjoy life, or do you want to continue to realize self-worth at work? Presumably there have been results.