Research on the dilemma and countermeasures of rural land resource development and utilization

Editor's note: With the effective development of rural land resources, in order to continuously improve the utilization efficiency, it is necessary to improve the understanding of rural land development and utilization in light of specific realities, and carry out scientific development and utilization in strict accordance with national regulations, so as to further promote the continuous development of rural economy. Based on years of practical experience, this paper analyzes the common difficulties in the process of rural land development, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, in order to better realize the development and utilization of rural land.

1. Problems existing in rural land resources

(1) The contradiction between man and land is prominent

Since the beginning of reform and opening up, the mainland's rapid economic development has markedly improved and enhanced people's living standards, and the huge employment opportunities and higher incomes brought about by urban development have attracted a large number of rural laborers to abandon their land and go to the cities to work. This situation arises because the land that has not been rationally developed and utilized has caused the peasants to lose confidence in the cultivated land that cannot be harvested in the short term with high input and difficult to produce huge harvests with low input, so that they give up farming and choose to work in the cities. Due to the system of land contract to households, large areas of fine arable land are overgrown with weeds.

(2) The quality of cultivated land is decreasing year by year

While the process of urbanization is increasing, the emission of pollutants is also intensifying, and the emission of industrial "three wastes" in rural areas is increasing year by year. The unformed factory discharge management system has no clear punishment for the discharge of industrial wastewater, which leads enterprises to discharge sewage into rivers in order to save costs, which seriously affects water quality, resulting in soil compaction, reduced organic matter content in the soil, and the use of a large number of pesticides has also caused great damage to the soil structure.

(3) Insufficient attention is paid to land development and consolidation

The purpose of land development and consolidation is to improve the utilization rate and output rate of land, so as to improve and increase the living conditions and economic income of peasants, but it is difficult for many local grassroots governments to realize this. Due to the problem of lagging behind the management of local governments, they do not attach importance to the acceptance of land development and consolidation projects, and are tempted by economic interests, and excessively relax the work of land development and consolidation.

and (4) the impact of economic development on rural land

Population growth has exacerbated the phenomenon of arable land scarcity, and peasants' competition for high-quality arable land has led to more and more frequent disputes caused by land quality problems in recent years. In addition, due to the lack of intensity of the central government's management of the local government, the state's approval system for land acquisition exists as a form, and the local grassroots government converts cultivated land into construction land in order to improve economic efficiency. Although this kind of behavior is beneficial to the economic income of farmers and local governments, this mode of developing cultivated land will have a profound impact on future development.

(5) The development and utilization of land lacks scientificity and rationality

The implementation of rural land development takes a long time, involves a wide range and is highly complex, so when implementing specific development measures, it is necessary to adopt comprehensive technologies and means for planning from a holistic perspective. However, judging from the current development results, the emphasis is still too much on "quantity" and "quality", and land planning has not been implemented from a global perspective, such as setting the cultivated land area far away from the main road or residential area. In addition, the lack of attention to the maintenance of other resources in the process of land development has led to the destruction of forestry and other resources, which will also seriously affect the ecological development of the local area. Even if the developed land has a good quality level, it does not form a more scientific distribution structure, and the height of the cultivated land is different, which will also affect the subsequent mechanization development effect.

2. Countermeasures for the development and utilization of rural land resources

(1) Scientific planning to ensure rural development land

In the specific construction and planning, it is necessary to scientifically predict the amount and type of land used for new housing construction in the future under the guidance of the overall construction concept of rural areas, around the overall construction goals of land resources and specific regional construction plans, and reserve the necessary land for new housing construction, especially rural infrastructure land (i.e., rural drinking water safety, farmland water conservancy, rural roads, infrastructure construction such as energy, as well as land for public utilities such as education and health), should focus on ensuring the demand for land for new residential construction in the planning.

Second, it is necessary to rationally plan the number, layout, and scale of settlements, improve the internal environment of villages, and guide villagers to build houses on vacant and idle land as much as possible, so as to avoid the rapid extension of villages and ensure the amount of land used for agricultural production in rural areas. Through unified planning, we can ensure the reasonable land demand for rural industrial development, and promote the integration and coordinated development of rural areas. At the same time, the maintenance of land resources, especially for cultivated land, requires the use of more advanced technologies to increase planting yields. In addition, it is also necessary to treat the old villages one by one and transform them into central villages, so as to improve and upgrade the living conditions of farmers and fully complete the construction goal of new rural areas.

(2) Strictly control the scale of construction land in villages and towns

The site selection of rural collective construction land must conform to the overall land use plan, the county urban construction plan, and the village and market town planning, and the construction of above-ground buildings must be implemented in accordance with the approved planning requirements. The construction of houses by peasants shall be combined with the renovation of old villages and land consolidation, making full use of the original homesteads and idle land in the villages, and trying not to occupy or occupy as little agricultural land as possible. All townships and towns should adopt strict and effective measures to actively guide peasants to concentrate their houses in market towns and central villages. At the same time, we should actively cooperate with the planning and construction departments to scientifically and rationally draw up detailed plans for the construction of new rural areas, carry out planning and site selection in strict accordance with the detailed plans when peasants declare homesteads, gradually eliminate "hollow villages", and concentrate on building new peasant villages in accordance with the requirements of urbanization and saving intensive land use.

In addition, to include the land used for peasant housing construction in the annual land use index management, townships and towns must strictly review and approve peasant housing construction according to the planned targets set by the regulations, and it is also necessary to strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of the rural housing occupation plan indicators in each township and township.

(3) Implement a responsibility system for cultivated land protection

Establish and improve the responsibility system for cultivated land protection targets at the county, township and village levels, implement the responsibility for cultivated land protection at all levels, and sign a letter of responsibility for cultivated land protection between the county government and the township government every year, and the township people's government must take overall responsibility for the amount of cultivated land in its administrative area, the basic farmland protection area and the new construction land plan indicators. In the newly added construction land, it is necessary to use unused land such as sloping land and wasteland as much as possible, and try not to occupy or occupy less cultivated land. It is necessary to strictly implement the "five prohibitions" system for basic farmland, and strictly prohibit the occupation of basic farmland for afforestation, the development of forestry and fruit industries, the digging of ponds for fish farming, livestock and poultry breeding, and the greening of passages.

(4) Speed up land circulation and improve utilization rate

Rural areas should strengthen the circulation of agricultural land development and utilization in light of their own actual conditions. In order to optimize the allocation of agricultural resources, so as to improve agricultural production efficiency, enhance production efficiency, and the driving force for sustainable development, rural areas should rationally adjust the agricultural structure and develop and utilize large-scale de facto agriculture. In addition, land development and utilization can be enhanced by improving the combination of land resources and science and technology, and the full and rational use of idle and abandoned houses can also be made through the registration of ownership rights, and the effective circulation of idle and abandoned homesteads in rural areas can improve the intensive utilization level of rural houses.

(5) Improve the level of supervision and protect the actual rights and interests

In the process of rural land market management, governments at all levels should build a sound rural land management platform to investigate, supervise and manage land planning and utilization, and ensure that land is used rationally. First of all, it is necessary to strictly verify, investigate and review the planned use of land before the transfer and the actual use after the transfer, and strengthen the supervision of the process. The local government should strictly implement the punishment system for some acts of land transfer that are not carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations. Second, government departments should increase the education and management of staff, strictly enforce corresponding work discipline, ensure that relevant departments administer according to law, and protect the most fundamental rights and interests of the people.

summary

With the development of the new era, the management level of rural land resources has been continuously improved, and in order to effectively coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the management level of rural land resources. In the process of practical development and utilization, reasonable planning should be carried out to build a more complete land management system. Doing a good job in the development and utilization of rural land in the construction of the new countryside is of great practical significance to the mainland's economic development and social construction.